measuring cognitive distraction in the vehicle joel cooper precision driving research david strayer...
Post on 18-Dec-2015
213 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Vehicle
Joel CooperPrecision Driving Research
David StrayerUniversity of Utah
Trends and usage
Evaluated 403 vehicle models from top 14 manufacturers•98.3% offered Bluetooth pairing•89.8% screen in center stack•50.4% offered smartphone application integration.•94.3% offered a USB port
Available functions•Make Calls•Send and received text messages•Send and receive emails•Update social media•Control radio, climate, gps, etc.
The Driver Distraction Triad
Eyes off the Road
Manual:
Visual: Cognitive:High
Low
Moderate
Hands off the Wheel
Mind off the Drive
Trends and Questions• The Apps are coming…• Hands and eyes free is increasingly seen as the solution to
visual distraction
Generally speaking, the same task will be less dangerous if it can be achieved via an auditory / vocal interactions rather than visual / manual interactions. However…
Potential risk is momentary demand and exposure
Q: Are the potential risks of some auditory/vocal tasks greater than others?
Overview of AAA Project
• Most comprehensive study undertaken on mental workload
• Systematic analysis, 3 studies, 150 participants, 8 conditions
• Analysis of different sources of distraction• Driving simulator • Instrumented vehicle
• Develop taxonomy of cognitive mental workload• Category 1 – Workload associated with Baseline Driving • Category 5 – Workload associated with Highly Demanding
Secondary task
Sources of Cognitive Distraction
• Baseline Driving• Listen to Radio• Audio Book• Passenger Conversation
• Hands-free cell conversation• Hands-held cell conversation• Speech-to-Text task• Mental Math (OSPAN)
Developing a Metric of CognitiveWorkload
• Problem: Measuring cognitive workload is notoriously difficult
• Objective: Develop robust instrument of cognitive distraction• Older technologies (e.g., radio, cell phone, etc.)• Newer technologies (e.g., speech-based in-vehicle
communication)
• Standardized rating system• Similar to other rating systems (e.g., Richter, Saffir-Simpson, etc.)
where higher ratings are indicative of greater cognitive distraction
What does this mean in terms of risk?
• Mental Workload Distraction
• Mental Workload Risk
Increases in mental workload led to:•Reduced visual scanning for hazards•Reduced brake response time•Reduced attentional capacity (as measured by the p300 ERP)
What does this mean in terms of risk?From other research
•Inattentional blindness•Impaired judgment and decision making•General reduction in visual scanning•Reduced frequency of lane changes•Reduced stopping at intersections
However…
•Reduced fatigue•Reduced boredom•Improved lane maintenance•Increased visual attention toward forward roadway
Summary of Results
• Category 1: Baseline, Radio, Book• Category 2: Conversations (HH, HF,
Passenger)• Category 3: Text to Speech• Category 5: Mental Math
Summary and Results
• Proceed with caution!• Text-to-Speech systems may be more
mentally demanding than conversations.
Low frequency/ high risk potentially equal to high frequency/ low risk
Future Directions
• How does the quality of speech affect workload?
• How do errors in understanding affect workload?
• How does an actual system, such as Siri, fit on the scale?
• Are structured interactions more/less demanding than unstructured interctions?
top related