methods of research - research and design (module 1)
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MODULE 1 RESEARCH AND DESIGN
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME
• Classify, differentiate or demonstrate the purposes, types and characteristics of research designs and methodologies.
The Meaning of Research
• It is an organized way of solving a problem or establishing the answer to a query
• It is the manner by which the individual articulates the meaning of facts and data.
Research as a Process
RESEARCH IS A CYCLIC PROCESS
Research begins with an unanswered question in the mind
of the researcher
1 Research sees the goal in a clear statement of the problem
Research subdivides the problem into appropriate sub-problems
4
Research poses tentative solutions to
the problem(s) through appropriate
hypotheses
3
2
Research looks for the fact directed by the hypotheses and guided by the problem
5
Research interprets the meaning of the facts which leads to the resolution of the problem
6
Purpose of Research
• improves the quality of life• improves instruction• improves students’ achievement• satisfies man’s needs• reduces the burden of work• has deep-seated psychological
aspects• improves the exportation of food
products
Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical
2. Logical
3. Cyclical3. Cyclical4. Analytical
5. Replicability
6. Critical
Criteria of a Good Research
1. Can be process
2. Specific
3. Generalizable4. Interpretable
Characteristics of a Researcher
1. Intellectual curiosity
2. Prudence
3. Healthy criticism4. Intellectual honesty
Characteristics of a Software Developer
1. Passionate
2. Curious
3. Humble4. Creative5. Friendly6. Fast Learner
7. Focus8. Comprehension9. Logic Skills
10. Pragmatic
Characteristics of a Software Developer
11. Not Pragmatic
12. Workman like
13. Thorough14. Intellect15. Energy16. Practices
17. Persistence18. Flexible19. Thirst for knowledge
20. Expert knowledge
Characteristics of a Software Developer
21. Deep knowledge
22. Broad knowledge
23. Ability to write24. Knowledge of CS/IT Fundamentals25. Verbal communication26. User oriented
27. Software design & architecture28. Quality oriented29. Balances coding priorities
30. Problem-solving
Characteristics of a Software Developer31. Development Tools
32. Seek simplicity
33. Interested in the field34. Avoid re-inventing the wheel35. Honest36. Detailed-oriented
37. Understands the lifecycle of Software Engineering38. Manage own workload
39. Cares about maintainability40. Uses source control
Characteristics of a Software Developer
41. Appreciate peer review
42. Able to read and learn source code
43. Understand performance44. Writes clean code45. Understands requirements specifications
46. Follows coding standard47. Wants to do the project48. Strong research skills49. Versatile
Types of Research
1. Purposive Nomenclature
2. Descriptive Research
Purposive Nomenclature Research
1. Fundamental or Basic Pure Research
2. Applied Research
3. Action Research
Descriptive Research
1. Historical Research
2. Descriptive Research
3. Experimental Research
4. Ex post Facto Research
5. Case Study Research
Other Classification of Research
1. Library Research
2. Field Research
3. Laboratory Research
The Meaning of Design
• Design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs.
Research Design
• Research design involves a set of Research design involves a set of decisions regarding what topic is to decisions regarding what topic is to be studied, among what population be studied, among what population or in what specific technology or in what specific technology application, with what research application, with what research method, and for what purpose. method, and for what purpose.
Types of Research Design
1. Historical Design1. Historical Design
2. Descriptive Design2. Descriptive Design
3. Experimental Design3. Experimental Design
4. Case Study Design4. Case Study Design
Uses of Historical Design
• Historical Research is useful in searching through the past for solutions to contemporary problems and needs.
• It is used to throw light on the present.
• It gives people a sense of continuity of the past to the present.
• It enables communities to grasp their relationship with the past to the current issues.
Uses of Historical Design
• By chronicling events of enduring worth which confers upon the individual consciousness of unity and feeling of the importance of human achievement.
Types of Descriptive Design
• Descriptive Survey• Descriptive-normative Survey• Descriptive Status• Descriptive Analysis• Descriptive Classification• Descriptive-evaluative• Descriptive-comparative• Correlational Survey• Longitudinal Survey
Types of Experimental Design
• Single-group design• Two-group design• Two-pair group design• Parallel-group design• Pretest-Posttest group design• Counterbalanced or Latin square design• Complete randomized design• Randomized complete black design• Correlational design
Research Conceptual Model
KNOWLEDGE REQ’T(Inclusions in Chapter 2)
FACILITY...MATERIALS...
Needs Analysis
Design
Fabrication and Assembly
Test and Improvement
Technology / Knowledge
(Distinguishing Characteristics)
Beneficiary Evaluation
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
IPO Research Paradigm
Research Conceptual Model
DESIGN 2
Research Conceptual Model
DESIGN 3
Research Conceptual Model
DESIGN 4
Research Conceptual Model
DESIGN 5
Research Methodology
• A set of strategies in the execution of the various tasks related to a research;
• Includes the proper conceptualization of the research problem, organization of theoretical or conceptual framework, the construction of a research design, and documentation.
Problem Conceptualization
• Scenario buildingThe broad concern related to the research problem is completely but briefly discussed.
• Problem analysisThe problem(s) related to the study
are identified and articulated clearly.
Problem Conceptualization
• Project focusingThe objectives, scope and limitations of the research to be undertaken are clearly describe.
Organization of Theoretical Framework
• Includes facts from books and theories from journals and theses.
• Shows the conceptual model of the study.
• Includes the definition of terms.
Characteristics of a Good Research Method
• Theory-Grounded: Reflects the theories which are being investigated
• Situational: Indicates the settings or conditions of the investigation
• Feasible: Can be implemented
• Redundant: Provides multiple processing particularly for validation
• Efficient: Maintains a balance between redundancy and the tendency to over-design
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