methods of subjectiveexamination subjectiveexamination mudr. pavel stodůlka,phd

METHODS OFMETHODS OFSUBJECTIVESUBJECTIVE

EXAMINATIONEXAMINATIONMUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.

stodulkastodulka@bnzlin.cz@bnzlin.czwww.LASIK.czwww.LASIK.cz

VISUAL ACUITY

The eye can distinguish two points The eye can distinguish two points

as separte when the angle of view as separte when the angle of view

is 1´ or greater. Then the points is 1´ or greater. Then the points

stimulate cones leaving at least stimulate cones leaving at least

one between them unstimulated.one between them unstimulated.

VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION

optotypesoptotypes

6 meters6 meters

V = 6/6 … 6/60V = 6/6 … 6/60

ffirst right eye, left, bothirst right eye, left, both

FAR DISTANCE

TF UN O V

V P O Z N C U F O D

L P V N H F O

F C U F O V P T

SnellenSnellen’s’s optotype / chart optotype / chart

60

36

24

12

10

7,5

6

TF UN O V

V P O Z N C U F O D

L P V N H F O

F C U F O V P T

Visual acuitVisual acuityy examination examination – far distance– far distance

60

36

24

12

10

7,5

6

V 6/60 = 0,1V 6/60 = 0,1

V 6/6 = 1,0V 6/6 = 1,0

V 6/12 = 0,5V 6/12 = 0,5

logarithmical optotypelogarithmical optotype

LandoltLandolt’s’s C / opened rings C / opened rings

VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION

full-line methodfull-line method

threshold method – at least 50% rightthreshold method – at least 50% right

FAR DISTANCE

TF UN O V

V P O Z N C U F O D

L P V N H F O

F C U F O V P T

60

36

24

12

10

7,5

6

1. full-line1. full-line methodmethod

2. threshold2. threshold methodmethod

V 6/24 V 6/24 V 6/12 V 6/12

EXAMINATION of weak-sighted

optotypes from 6 metersoptotypes from 6 meters optotypes from 1 metersoptotypes from 1 meters optotypes from 0,5 moptotypes from 0,5 m finger counting from 1m to 20cmfinger counting from 1m to 20cm hand motion in front of the eyehand motion in front of the eye light perception, light projectionlight perception, light projection

TF UN O V

V P O Z N C U F O D

L P V N H F O

F C U F O V P T

Visual acuity examination of weak-sighted from 1mVisual acuity examination of weak-sighted from 1m

60

36

24

12

10

7,5

6

V V 11/60 /60

V 1/6 V 1/6

V 1/12 V 1/12

EXAMINATION of weak-sighted

optotypes from 6 metersoptotypes from 6 meters optotypes from 1 metersoptotypes from 1 meters optotypes from 0,5 moptotypes from 0,5 m finger counting from 1m to 20cmfinger counting from 1m to 20cm hand motion in front of the eyehand motion in front of the eye light perception, light projectionlight perception, light projection

TF UN O V

V P O Z N C U F O D

L P V N H F O

F C U F O V P T

60

36

24

12

10

7,5

6

PracticalPractical(legal)(legal)blindnessblindnessV 1/36V 1/36(from 1 meter)(from 1 meter)

VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION

35 centimeters35 centimeters

JagerJager’s’s chart chart

from nr.from nr. 1 1 toto nrnr. 14. 14

ffirst right eye, left, bothirst right eye, left, both

close distance

REFRACTION EXAMINATION

OBJEOBJECTIVECTIVE - skiaskopy - skiaskopy

- autorefractometer- autorefractometer

SUBJECTIVE -SUBJECTIVE - optotypes + glasses caseoptotypes + glasses case

contrast sensitivitycontrast sensitivity

adaptation to the darknessadaptation to the darkness

colour sensecolour sense

OTHER SUBJECTIVEOTHER SUBJECTIVEEYE EXAMINATIONSEYE EXAMINATIONS

COLOUR SENSE

wave length 380 - 760 nmwave length 380 - 760 nm

blue 450nmblue 450nm

green 550nmgreen 550nm

red 580nmred 580nm

COLOUR SENSE

pseudoisochromaticpseudoisochromatic

chartscharts

pseudoisochromatic chartspseudoisochromatic charts

PERIMETRY

= =

examination of the visual fieldexamination of the visual field

PERIMETRY

COMPUTER-ASSISTED PERIMETRYCOMPUTER-ASSISTED PERIMETRY static qvantitative perimetrystatic qvantitative perimetry

GOLDMANNGOLDMANN’S’S PERIMETER PERIMETER kinetic perimetrykinetic perimetry

Computer-Computer-

assisted assisted

perimeterperimeter

PERIMETRY

SCOTOMA SCOTOMA = =

defect in visual fielddefect in visual field

SCOTOMA

ABSOLUTE - doesnABSOLUTE - doesn’’t see anythingt see anything

RELATIVRELATIVEE - decreased visual - decreased visual

sensitivity sensitivity

POSITIVE - realizes thatPOSITIVE - realizes that

NEGATIVNEGATIVEE – do – doeesnsn’t realize that’t realize that

PHYZIOL. SCOTOMA

„ „blind spot“blind spot“

place where the optic nerve enters place where the optic nerve enters

the retinathe retina

BREAK !BREAK !