migration and health in glasgow and its relevance to gowell annual public health conference, 11...
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Migration and Health in Glasgowand its Relevance to GoWell
Annual Public Health Conference, 11 November 2011
Fiona CrawfordGlasgow Centre for Population Health
What is GoWell?
…a long-term study of the health and wellbeing impacts of housing investment and regeneration upon individuals, households and communities in Glasgow
www.gowellonline.com
GoWell is a collaborative partnership between the Glasgow Centre for Population Health, the University of Glasgow and the MRC Social and
Public Health Sciences Unit, sponsored by Glasgow Housing Association, the Scottish Government, NHS Health Scotland and NHS
Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Timeline
Why Consider Migration?
• Evidence that migration in and out of an area has an effect on the health of its residents
• Widening health inequalities evident in Greater Glasgow
• GoWell study areas contain migrant asylum seeker/refugee population groups
• Population movement to/from study areas
Objectives
• History
• Policy
• Evidence Review
• Research
• Conclusions
Relevance for GoWell
Glasgow’s History
Population Movement into/out of Glasgow City
• Recent (small) in population of city - population movement rather than ‘natural change’
• Accounted for by immigration from overseas rather than inmigration from Scotland and UK as movement out of Glasgow City to outlying areas
• Demographic composition also changing(Source: Glasgow City Council. People and Households in Glasgow.Current Estimates and Projected Changes 2008-28. Demographic Change In Glasgow City and Neighbourhoods. March 2011)
Changes in Ethnicity in Glasgow
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Other White Asian Chinese African Any MixedBackground
Other EthnicGroup
Population (2001) Population (2008)
Source: GCC data using 2001 Census in conjunction with Mosaic origins software
Ethnicity in GoWell Study Areas
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Carntyn
e
Castlem
ilk
Drum
chap
el
Gorba
ls Rive
rside
Govan
Red Roa
d MSFs &
tene
ments
Red Roa
d wide
r are
a
Riddr
ie
Scots
ton w
ider a
rea
Scots
toun
MSFs
Shawbr
idge C
orrid
or
Sighth
ill
St And
rews D
rive
Total
Townh
ead M
SFs
Per
cen
tag
e
Non-British - citizenship not known
Asylum seeker
Refugee
British - ethnicity not known
British - non-white
British - white
Source: GoWell Survey Data (2008)
Policy Impact/Influence
• Migration policy - reserved issue• Current UK policy aims to reduce net migration
into UK• Contrasting Scottish policy aspirations
– Sustainable economic growth – Population growth– ‘Fresh talent’
• Glasgow’s role in accommodating asylum seekers/refugees
• Immigration from A8 accession countries
Evidence on Migration and Population Health
• Selective migration can influence area based health measures and spatial inequalities
• Conflicting evidence over scale at which operates and size of impact
• Migration postulated to have a positive influence on specific health indicators in destination communities – evidence from GoWell and elsewhere
• Acculturation
Selective Migration and Inequalities in Glasgow
http://www.gcph.co.uk/work_programmes/understanding_glasgows_health/migration_and_inequalities
Results
• There were high losses of adult population between 1991 and 2001 in the most deprived areas of Greater Glasgow (mainly to other areas in Greater Glasgow). This loss involved high and low socio-economic groups, and those with and without a limiting illness in 1991
• Net migration did not greatly change the composition of the
areas’ population according to characteristics examined
• Selective migration between deprivation quintiles was not the sole or most important explanation for the widening mortality gap.
Relevance of Research to GoWell
• Although GoWell study areas are deprived, it is not yet possible to conduct a similar analysis as the socio-economic and health characteristics of ‘in’ and ‘out’ migrants are unknown
Conclusions• Racial diversity and immigration are
increasing at Glasgow City level
• Current Scottish Government (and local government) policy seeks to attract migrants
• There are significant numbers of asylum seekers, refugees and non-British citizens in GoWell regeneration areas
Conclusions (Cont)• There appears to be some evidence that
migrants can positively influence health-related indicators in host communities
• The impact of migration on inequalities in health is debatable but important to continue to scrutinise
• Need to remember influence of city-wide migration linked to economic and area based regeneration efforts
Thanks to…
• Frank Popham & colleagues (St Andrew’s University)
• Ecological Monitoring Team– David Walsh (GCPH)– Sheila Beck (NHS Health Scotland)– Jennifer McLean (GCPH)– Carol Tannahill (GCPH)
• Ade Kearns (University of Glasgow)
Further Reading• GoWell Briefing Paper 3: Asylum seekers
and Refugees in Glasgow’s Regeneration Areas, 2006-7 (April 2009)
• Ade Kearns & Elise Whitley: Health, Wellbeing and Social Inclusion of Migrants in North Glasgow (September 2010)
http://www.gowellonline.com/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=218
www.gowellonline.com
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