minerals rocks are composed of minerals,. minerals are composed of ions
Post on 18-Dec-2015
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Anionic complex- a group of ions acting as a single unit (negatively charged).
NaCl Na+ = cation Cl- = anion
CaCO3 Ca2+ = cation
CO32- = anion complex
The properties of each mineral are determined by:
1. chemical elements present2. arrangement of elements in the mineral structure
Polymorph- same chemical formula but different atomic structure, e.g.:
FeS2 pyrite
marcacite
CaCO3 calcite
aragonite
AND???
1. Anions and anionic complexes control the atomic structure (that in turn controls physical properties—cleavage, density, etc.)
2. They control the chemical properties
3. Minerals with the same anions and anionic complexes tend to occur together
a)Sulfides
FeS2 PbS ZnS
iron lead zincpyrite galena sphalerite
b)Oxides
Fe3O4 Fe2O3 Al2O3
Iron oxide iron oxide aluminum oxidemagnetite hematite corundum
c) Native elementsAg Au Pt Cu C Silver gold platinum copper graphite
diamond
d) Carbonates CO32-
Carbon and oxygen
CaCO3 (Ca,Mg)CO3
Calcite dolomiteCalcium carbonate Calcium,
magnesium carbonate
CaCO3 + HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Calcite hyrochorlic calcium water carbon acid chloride dioxide
effervescence “bubbling”
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