miniaturized branch line coupler with open stubs
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Prof.A.KARTHIKEYAN
VIT UNIVERSITY,SENSENANDU RAJENDRAN
11MCE 0052
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OBJECTIVE To design a miniaturized branch line coupler which can
operate at 2.45ghz
The topology of the circuit is designed using novel designof T-model approach with open stubs with high-low
impedances
The miniaturized branch-line coupler can be fabricated
with a low-cost FR4 substrate as a platform , producingsignificant reduction by more than 64.21% compared to
the conventional coupler on inexpensive board
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Introduction The branch-line coupler can be used as a power divider,
combiner or a part of mixer in microwave integrated
circuits
The coupler employs a quarter-wave length transformers
to develop a simple square-shaped connfiguration that is
used for power dividing or power combining functions
At lower frequencies, the size of conventional branch lineis exceedingly large in printed circuit
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Its physical size is relatively determined by the wavelength
which is large at lower frequency, and invariably affects
the dimension of quarter-wavelength (/4) transmissionlines used.
portable devices require components with compact size
and less cost features.
high performances, compact size and low cost are often the
stringent requirements to fulfill the demand of modernmicrowave communication systems
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HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PROPOSED
COUPLER open stubs with low and high impedances is introduced
and applicable to shrink the length of the transmission line
and invariably the dimension of the branch line coupler
the concept design of T- model and /4 model as
introduced respectively
the proposed novel technique which combines high and
low impedance in order to miniature size achieves greaterreduction of 64.21% compared to conventional ones.
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COUPLER STRUCTURE
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The dimensions of the open stub high and lowtransmission lines are derived using the electromagnetic
simulator AWR Tool
Both side of through and shunt arm of the couplers werebuilt on FR-4 substrate with permittivity, permeability, losstangent and heights are 4.7, 1, 0.019 and 0.8 mm,
respectively. The length of fabricated shunt line of branch-line coupler
is 10 mm, which offers about 41.1% reduction from theconventional shunt arm line of conventional coupler
These high impedence lines are dually located at the left
and right side of the design architecture of the coupler
circuit.
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CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC
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RESULT &ANALYSIS
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the -10 dB bandwidth of conventional design yield of
23.02% cover from 2.13 GHz to 2.68 GHz
the miniaturized size branch-line coupler, 22.08% of
bandwidth percentage cover frequencies 2.23 GHz to 2.78
GHz
It illustrates that only slight percentage difference between
the conventional and miniaturized size design
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CONCLUSION the proposed miniaturized one were designed, simulatedand fabricated at the frequency of 2.45 GHz.
both couplers can be etched on the same FR4 substrate. Thesize reduction of the proposed design is 64.21% withcomparable performance as that of the conventional branchline coupler.
The ease of design using standard etching process
makes the fabrication of the miniaturized coupler simpler and
with low cost. This prototype can be integrated into thedesign of microwave or millimeter-wave integrated circuits
where the compactness of components is crucial.
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FUTURE SCOPE Can be used in communication equipments which
require good performance at low cost
Broadband applications in the internet
Useful in digital broadcasting networks
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REFERENCES
1. Maas, S. A.,Microwave Mixers, Artech House, Norwood, MA,
1986.
2. Riblet, G. P., A directional coupler with very flat coupling,"IEEE
Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 26, No. 2, 70-74, Feb. 1978.
3. Banba, S., T. Hasegawa, and H. Ogawa, Multilayer MMIC
branch-line hybrid using thin dielectric layers,"IEEE Microw.
Guided Wave Lett., Vol. 1, No. 11, 346-347, Nov. 1991. 4. Muraguchi, M., T. Yukitake, and Y. Naito, Optimum design of 3-
dB branch-line couplers using microstrip lines,"IEEE Trans.
Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 31, No. 8, 674-678, Aug. 1983.
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5. Lin, C. T., C. L. Liao, and C. H. Chen, Finite-ground coplanar-waveguide branch-line couplers,"IEEE Trans. Microw. Wireless
Compon. Lett., Vol. 11, No. 3, 127-129, Mar. 2001. 6. Weng, L. H., Y. C. Guo, X. W. Shi, and X. Q. Chen, An overview
on defected ground structures," Progress In ElectromagneticsResearch B, Vol. 7, 173-189, 2008.
7. Caulton, M., B. Hershenov, S. P. Knight, and R. E. Debrecht,
Status of lumped elements in microwave integrated circuit- presentand future,"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 9, No. 7, 588-599, Jul. 1971.
8. Chiang, Y. C. and C. Y. Chen, \Design of a wide-band lumped-element 3-dB quadrature coupler,"IEEE Trans. Microw. TheoryTech.,
Vol. 49, No. 3, 476-479, Mar. 2001. 9. Hirota, T., A. Minakaw, and M. Muraguchi, Reduced-size branch-
line and rat-race hybrids for uniplanar MMIC's,"IEEETrans. Microw.Theory Tech., Vol. 38, No. 3, 270-275, Mar. 1990.
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