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Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information SystemLIDAR Mapping Forum, February, 15th, 2017
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
3
Key Idea: Do not harvest more than the timber volume that grows back.
Sustainable Usage of the Forest
We need a precise inventory of the forest.
Image: Pixabay
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
4
Traditional forest surveying
Terrestrial Survey Measuring DBH Manual Notes Images: J. D
ietz
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
5
1) Perform an angular sample count to determine the basal area of all trees of the unit
Image: J. D
ietz
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
6
2) Determine top or mean height of the trees
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
7
3) Determine the age of the trees
Image: P
ixabay
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
8
4) Estimate the timber volume by using the yield tables
The yield tables are
a characteristic map
for forestry units.
Age Height
Yield Class
Yield
Table
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
9
5) Update the map of the unit.
Image: W
. H
art
mann
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
10
6) Take the collected data to the office.
This has to be repeated every
seven years for each forestry
unit.Im
age: J. D
ietz
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
11
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
12
Remote Sensing
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
13
Forest Surveyor 2.0
Image: A
. B
öhm
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
14
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(individual trees)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
15
LIDAR point clouds
Point Clouds in Testareas provide a
detailed view of the forestry unit.
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
16
From Testareas to States
State Northrhine-Westfalia
1
1
1
BIG DATA0
0
0
0
0
0 011
1
• Heterogenous Pointcloud
• 250 Billion Points
• 1-10 Points/m²
• 32.000 km²
• Several Flight Campaigns
• Different YearsMap: Wikipedia
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
17
Open data in Northrhine-Westfalia
Since January 1st, 2017, Northrhine-Westfalia
provides open-data. All geodata collected by
the state are now available for free for
everybody.
Map: Wikipedia
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
18
Open data in Northrhine-Westfalia
First Pulse
Last Pulse
Single Return
Artificial Point
Classification
Image:
GE
Ob
asis
.NR
W
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
19
Open data – LIDAR point clouds
Near Espelkamp
34470000 5800000
Near Winterberg
34469500 5677000
Near Bad Münstereifel
34336000 5602000
5+
Points/m²
4
2-3
1
0
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
20
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(stand wise)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
21
Species Distribution
Calculate the tree species
distribution from the classification
map.
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
22
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(stand wise)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
23
Top Height
For each species: Weighted average
of the highest points for raster cell
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
24
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(stand wise)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
25
Basal Area
The basal area is a measure for the density of a forestry unit.
It is associated with the yield factor.
There is a correlation between the yield factor and a density in
the LIDAR data.
Desired
Basal Area Basal Area
Yield Factor
Yield
Table
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
26
Basal Area
But… Density in the LIDAR data depends on the
flight and scanner parameters!
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
27
Yield Factor
Collection of ground truth and remote sensing data are not synchronous.
Units may be fully stocked in one and empty in the other dataset.
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
28
Yield Factor
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
29
Yield Factor
Height of the Decision Plane0% 100%
Co
rre
lati
on
0,0
1,0
0,5
1) Calculate Correlation
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
30
Yield Factor
Height of the Decision Plane0% 100%
Co
rre
lati
on
0,0
1,0
0,5 Me
an
Sq
ua
re E
rro
r
1) Calculate Correlation
2) Perform Regression Analysis
3) Calculate Mean Square Error
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
31
Yield Factor
Height of the Decision Plane0% 100%
Yie
ldF
ac
tor
Co
rre
lati
on
0,0
1,0
0,5
0,0
1,0
0,5
1,5
Me
an
Sq
ua
re E
rro
r
1) Calculate Correlation
2) Perform Regression Analysis
3) Calculate Mean Square Error
4) Calculate resulting Yield Factors for a Canopy
Cover between 0% and 100%
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
32
Yield Factor
Height of the Decision Plane0% 100%
Yie
ldF
ac
tor
Co
rre
lati
on
0,0
1,0
0,5
0,0
1,0
0,5
1,5
Me
an
Sq
ua
re E
rro
r
1) Calculate Correlation
2) Perform Regression Analysis
3) Calculate Mean Square Error
4) Calculate resulting Yield Factors for a Canopy
Cover between 0% and 100%
5) Decide which Decision Plane has to be used
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
33
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(stand wise)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Desired
Basal Area Basal Area
Yield Factor
Yield
Table
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
34
Conclusions
• From testareas towards „real-world data“
• Data collection on the same quality level than the traditional surveyor, but faster
• No need to post process collected data in the office
• Available for Forest Information Systems as well as for online Solutions
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de
35
Thank you!This project is supported by:
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