mixing essential oils for magic: aromatic alchemy for personal blends

JessicaWeiser

AbouttheAuthorSandraKynesisanexplorerofCeltichistory,myth,andmagic,andamemberoftheBards,Ovates,andDruids.Hercuriosityhas

takenhertoliveinNewYorkCity,Europe,England,andNewEngland.Sandra’sinquisitivenesshasledhertoinvestigatetherootsofherbeliefsandtointegrateherspiritualpathwitheverydaylife.Shelikesdevelopingcreativewaystoexploretheworld,whichservesasthebasisforherbooks.Inadditiontowriting,SandraisayogainstructorandReiki

practitionerincoastalMaineandlovesconnectingwiththenaturalworldthroughgardening,hiking,andoceankayaking.Pleasevisitherwebsiteat

www.kynes.net.

LlewellynPublicationsWoodbury,Minnesota

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MixingEssentialOilsforMagic:AromaticAlchemyforPersonalBlends©2013bySandraKynes.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybeusedorreproducedinanymatterwhatsoever,includingInternetusage,withoutwrittenpermissionfromLlewellynPublications,exceptintheformofbriefquotationsembodiedincriticalarticlesandreviews.

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Inmemoryofmygrandmother,whosehouseandgardenswereamagical,aromaticwonderland

Contents

Introduction

SectionOne:BackgroundandBlendingCHAPTER1:ScentinHistoryandModernMagicCHAPTER2:GettingStartedCHAPTER3:BlendingbyBotanicalFamily

CHAPTER4:BlendingbyScentGroupCHAPTER5:BlendingbyPerfumeNoteCHAPTER6:AsAbove,SoBelowCHAPTER

7:CarrierOilsforMagic.

Summary

SectionTwo:OilProfilesCHAPTER8:EssentialOilProfilesCHAPTER9:CarrierOil

ProfilesAppendicesAppendixA:Cross-ReferencebyMagicalIntentAppendixB:Cross-

ReferencebytheElementsAppendixC:Cross-ReferencebyZodiacSignsAppendixD:Cross-ReferencebyPlanets/SolarSystemAppendixE:Cross-

ReferencebySabbatsGlossary

Bibliography

Introduction

AromaticAlchemyScentscanstimulate, inspire,andenchantus.Becauseoursenseofsmell issocloselylinkedwithmemoryandemotion,scentandthepowerofplacegohandinhand.ThemostvividmemoriesIhaveofearlychildhoodarelinkedwithmygrandmother’s house. It was a place of wonder, full of plants and big oldfurniture.MostofallIrememberthesmells.Withherpotpourris,gardens,andbig kitchen, Nanny’s house was a wonderland of fragrance, full of life andmagic.While my Nan was a Christian, her folkways with plants and midwifery

whispered of amore complex andmultifaceted set of beliefs.Of course, as achild I didn’t realize it, but I think her way of looking at, questioning, andexploringtheworldwastheseedofPaganismthattookrootinme.BythetimeIreached my early teens, I asked far too many questions for my parents andSunday school teachers to adequately answer.As a result, Iwas drawn to thenotionhintedatbymygrandmotherthatadifferentpowerexistedeverywhereinnature—wejusthadtoopenourselvestoit.Ihavebeenfortunatetomeetpeoplewhoseemedtoshowupattherighttime

tohelpmelearnaboutmagicandPaganism.Ihavepracticedritualwithseveralloose-knitcovensandledagroupataUnitarianchurch,whereaspartofthelayclergy I regularly conducted several annual Pagan-based Sunday services.Although I am amember of theOrder ofBards,Ovates andDruids and havedoneOBOD coursework, Imostly follow a solitary, eclectic path through theDruidicwoods.Iamaperpetualstudent.Ilovelearningandstudying,agreatdealofwhichI

doonmyown,alongwiththeoccasionalclassorworkshop.Thisholdstrueformyspiritualityaswellasmyotherinterests,andsometimesthetwooverlap,asis thecasewithessentialoils.Beingafragrancefreak,Iwasattractedtousingscentedoilstopreparemyaltarcandlesforritualsandmagic.Combiningsomeof the oils did not work as well as I had hoped so I went in search ofinformation. I found lots of recipes, and while these were fun for a while, IwantedtoknowmoreandtounderstandwhatIwasdoing.Thiscoincidedwithmyinterestinmakingpotpourri,whichalsoinvolvestheuseofessentialoils.I

jumpedat thechancetotakeaSaturday-afternoonpotpourriworkshopwhereIhopedtolearnmoreaboutmixingessentialoils.Unfortunately,mythirstforadeeperunderstandingwasnotsatisfied.Ienjoy

tinkeringandlearning,butIwashavingtroublemakingheadwaybeyonddoingwhatotherpeoplehaddone.Iwantedtounderstandwhycertainoilsworkwelltogetherandothersdonot.Iwantedtoknowhowtogoaboutmakingintelligentchoicesnotonlybecauseessentialoils canbeexpensive,but also formyownsatisfaction. I don’t onlywant to knowhow to do something; Iwant to knowwhywhatI’mdoingworks.Iwantedtolearnhowtochooseoilsforblending.Thatseemedsimpleenough,

but it became a quest that led to frustration. I found details about differentessential oils, lists of magical associations, and information on perfumerycategoriesandnotes,butIcouldnotfindasourcetohelpmeconnectthedots.Icouldn’t figure out what I wasmissing. There seemed to be such amystiquearoundblendingessentialoils,andIbegantothinkthatunlessIcouldcomeupwith the right “abracadabra,” Iwas doomed to be anoutsider. I kept dabblingandlongedtobeinitiatedintotheclub.I believe that the Goddess helps me to cross paths with certain people at

particulartimes,andthiswasanotheroneofthosetimes.AwomanIknewwaslookingforsubjectsonwhomshecouldpracticeasshewentthroughmassage-therapytraining.IwasanenthusiasticguineapigandasIgottoknowElizabeth,she sharedmore of her other studieswithme.As it turned out, shewas alsoworking on her certification in aromatherapy and was happy to become myguide.Shehelpedtofillinthegapsandgavemealotofencouragement.Iwasinheavenbecause I finallyhad agood foundation andunderstoodwhat Iwasdoing. Following in Elizabeth’s footsteps, I went through massage-therapytraining and employed oil blends inmy own practice.Unfortunately, due to awristinjury,mymassageworkwascutshort,butitdidn’tdampenmypursuitofoilblendingformagicwork.Mycuriosityalsoledmetoexplorethecarrieroils,whichwerefamiliarfrom

my massage work. As the name implies, they are generally regarded assomethingtoholdorcarrytheessentialoils.It isunfortunatethat theirpowersget ignored, because they too come from plants. I decided to investigate how

their properties might provide a boost to magical practices. For several yearsaftergettingstarted,Ispentatleastoneweekendafternoonexperimentingwithorstudyingessentialandcarrieroils.AlthoughIhavenotexperimentedwithallof theoils inthisbook,Ibasedmyselectionfor inclusionontheiravailability,popularity, and interesting backgrounds. At the beginning of my blendingexperienceIdidn’tkeepnotesaswellasIshouldhave,which iswhyIhighlyrecommend doing so. Hindsight is so helpful. As a result, I don’t know howmanyblendsI’veactuallycreated,perhapsacoupleofhundred.OnceIstartedtakingdetailednotes,Icorrelatedinformationabouttheoilswithmyothernoteson correspondences aswell as details found during research.This became thefoundationforthisbook.Likeanumberofthingsinmylife,there’sebbandflowbecausethereareso

many things that interest me. My experimentation with essential oils sloweddownonceIfoundacoregroupofblendsthatIreallyloved,butnowandthenIfeeltheneedforchange.Itwasduringoneofthoseflowtimeswhen,insteadoftakingoutallmybooks,ItookonlymynotesbecauseIusuallyreliedontheseforwhatIneeded.Thatsaid,Idon’tthinkofmyselfasanexpert.Iseemyselfasa Jane-of-many-trades, or perhaps a Renaissance woman with many interestsintowhich Idelve. I shyaway frombeing labeledanauthority—Isimply sawwhatwasmissing, brought together details, andmade connections that othershadoverlooked.Moreimportantlytome,becausescentscanaddamysticalandpowerful component to ritual andmagicwork, Iwanted to parlaywhat I hadlearned into a straightforward guide for otherswhose personal creativity is anintegralpartoftheirspiritualandmagicalpractices.Asoftenhappens,wereachapointwherewewantthingstobeuniquelyourown,which,ofcourse,iswhenrealmagicoccurs.WhiletosomepeopletheuseofessentialoilsmayseemmoreNewAgethan

Pagan, these oils come from plants, and down through the agesWitches andPaganshaveusedplantsformagicandritual.Ithinktheuseofessentialoilsisawaytoholdtraditionwhileextendingourpracticesandgivingthemnewdepth.AndsothisbookisintendedforthoseWiccansandPaganswhoenjoylearning,tinkering,andexpressingtheirindividuality,aswellasexploringtheplantworldinadifferentway.However,whileexperimentationisfun,thereisnoreasonthat

ithas tobeahit-or-missprospect.Justbecauseoilsmaysharecertainmagicalassociations, it does not mean that they will necessarily blend well together.While there are no strict rules for mixing oils, this book provides thefundamentalguidelinesofhowtomakean informeddecisionwhenplanningablendsoyoucanchoosemutuallyenhancingoils.I like referring to the blending of oils as aromatic alchemy because we

transformthepowerofplantaromasintomagicalmessengersforourpurposes.Althoughsmellisnotourmostacutesense,itcantriggerstrongmemoriesandemotions. It can transportusback to childhoodplaces (likemygrandmother’shouse)ortootherrealms.Throughthealchemyofscent,aromascanretrieveatotalexperienceoffeelings,imagery,andsounds.Essentialoilsprovideimmediateaccesstothisrichstorehouseofmemoryand

emotion,whicharethedeeperpartsoftheselfthatreachintothesoul.Perhapsit’snocoincidencethatthewordessencecanmeanboth“fragrance”or“soul.”Withessentialoilsweusetheveryessenceofplants—thecoreandspirit—thatmakes them valuable for magic work.We can boost the effectiveness of ourspells and rituals with this essence of life. Just as scent can trigger memory,usingspecificfragrancesforritualandmagichelpsustoreturntoacertainlevelofconsciousnesswherewecanpickupwhereweleftoff.Itcanhelpusbuildonourritualexperiencesanddeependivination,psychic,orshamanicwork.Essentialoilsarealsoknownasetherealoils,volatileoils,orsimplyessences.

They are called volatile because they are not stable substances and easilyevaporateatroomtemperature.ThewordvolatilecomesfromtheLatinvolare,meaning“tofly,”whichseemstoconnectthemwithspirit.Sinceancienttimes,scent in the formof incenseas altarofferingsprovidedaway to share earthlybeautywithdeities.Itwasawaytoconnecttheearthboundwiththeethereal,thephysicalwiththespiritual.Today the word alchemy usually conjures up the image of a medieval

practitionertoilingawaytryingtotransmutebasemetalsintovaluablegold.Andgranted,whenIsitinfrontofmyarrayofoilsandmixingparaphernaliaIadmittogigglingattheimageofmyselfsomewherebetweenwizardandmadscientist.However,ratherthanworkingwithmetals,theearlyartofalchemywasbasedonplants.Before thepracticeofalchemyinEuropegavewaytochemistry,many

practitioners were seeking medicinal elixirs, and in fact Swiss physician andalchemist Theophrastus von Hohenheim (1493–1541), who called himselfParacelsus,notedthatthequestofalchemywastomakemedicines,notgold.1

Althoughtheetymologyofthewordalchemyiscircuitousandperhapsmurky,onesuggestionisthatitcomesfromaGreekwordmeaningtopourormix.2 Inaddition,authorsRichardandIonaMillerpointedoutthatthemodernperfumer“followsthethreemainstagesofalchemicalwork:separation,purification,andrecombination.”3ThesewerealsothestepsthatParacelsususedinhispracticeofspagyrics,orherbalalchemy.ThewordspagyricscomesfromtheGreekverbsspaoandageiro,whichmean“todivide”and“tobringtogether,”respectively.4

InancientEgyptthepurposeofalchemywasfocusedmainlyonpreservingthephysical body (mummification for burial); however, in Asian and Islamictraditions, alchemy was focused on spiritual and inner transformations. Likescent,alchemyconnectedthephysicalwiththespiritual.Tosomepractitioners,alchemy remained a magical art aimed at finding a link between matter andspirit:essenceandquintaessentia(thefifthelement).IntheSanskrit language,life-forceenergyiscalledprana,whichalsomeans“breath.”InEnglishtheactofinhalingiscalledinspiration.ThewordsinspirationandspiritbothhavethesameLatinroot,spir,meaning“tobreathe.”5Thus,throughtheuseofessentialoilsinourmagicandrituals,weareinspiredandinspiritaswebreathelifeintowhatwewanttomanifest.Thisbringsusbacktofragranceandsoul.Asmentioned,oursenseofsmellis

intimatelylinkedtomemoryandemotion.Thisisbecausetheolfactorycortexofthebrainisanareacloselytiedtothelimbic(emotional-visceral)system.Thereare thousands of olfactory receptors in a small area at the top or roof of eachnasal cavity, and as we breathe in, air passes over these receptors andinformationiscarriedalonganerveintothebrain.Informationaboutfragranceisusheredintoourconsciousness,affectingitaswellasthesubconscious.While the ancientsmay not have understood themechanics of the olfactory

system, they understood how to work with it. The use of scent in ritual andreligiouspracticescutsacrosscultures,traditions,beliefs,andtime.Thepurposeof incense in theearliestof ritualswas tocommunicatewithdeitiesaswellasthe spirit world. Today, incense is still a part of many religious practices for

focusing themindandconnectingwithspirit,whichmorereadilyoccurswhentheelementsareinbalance.In a sense (no pun intended), plants bring us into elemental balance. Their

roots are in the soil (earth), growing skyward (air), nourished by rain (water),andasalchemiststhemselvestheytransformthesun’slight(fire)intotheenergyweneed.Finally, throughessentialoil theybringustheessenceoflife(spirit).Through the elements, they bring us into rhythm with the natural worldemphasizing our symbiotic relationshipwith the plant kingdom—they provideuswithoxygen,andweprovidethemwithcarbondioxide.Workingwithscentscanhelpusreachintoourpsyches,givingusclarityofpurposeandaccesstoourownpowerfulmagic.

Figure1:Plantsrelatetothefiveelements

Althoughmoreprevalentintheanimalworld,scentsalsofunctionasaformofcommunication.They help us communicatewith our deeper self by retrievingmemories as well as connectingwith our spirituality andwith our culture. Inaddition,wesendnonverbalmessageswiththeperfumesandcolognesweweartoattractloveinterestsortosendamessageaboutwhoweare.Anotherformofcommunicationrelatedtoscentisclairalience,theabilitytoconnectwithspiritworld throughfragrance.Spiritsmaketheirpresencesknownor their identitiesrecognizedthroughsmell.WhilethisisnotsomethingIhavetriedtodevelop,itoccasionallyoccurs.

Afewdaysafteroneofmyauntspassedbeyondtheveil,IwasstayinginherhouseandjustasIwasfallingasleeponenight,Iwasawakenedbythesoundofhervoice and the smell of roses.That scent hadnot been in the roomwhen Iwent to bed, nor could I find a source for it. Iwas a little shakenbut curiousabout the incident.Withall thatwasgoingat the time, I forgotabout ituntil Iarrivedbackhomeseveraldayslater.Aloneinmyapartment,IflickedontheTVfor company as I unpacked my suitcase. I was half-listening to the program,which happened to be about angels; however, when the interviewee said thatangelsmake themselves known through sudden floral scents, I stopped inmytracksandlistened.ThetypeofexperienceI'dhadwasexactlywhatthepersononTVwasdescribing.While I don’t know if my Aunt Mary had actually become an angel, I do

believe her spirit communicated with me that night. Since then I’ve come torealize that I have a guardian spirit whomakes himself known with a gentlesandalwood-likescent.HeseemstoshowupwhenIneedreassuranceaswellaswhenI’mengagedinspiritualactivities.Withthehelpofessentialoils,wecaninvitecommunicationwithspiritsaswellasenhancedivination,psychicwork,anddreamwork.

AlchemyInsteadofTherapyAsIpreviouslymentioned,Irefertotheblendingofoilsformagicandritualasaromaticalchemy. Ipurposelyavoid the termaromatherapybecause it impliesthatsomethingisbrokenandneedstobefixed.Wearenotprovidingtherapytoourmagic,rituals,ordivinationtherapywhenweuseessentialoils.Instead,weareusingthemtoaidusintransformingourpracticesandbreathinglifeintoourintentions.Asmentioned,essentialoilscarrytheessenceof life.Inanexperimentusing

Kirlian photography, a fresh-cut leaf and a strip of blotter paper with pureessential oil were photographed side by side. Both showed strong aurasindicating life-force energy remainswithin essential oils.6 Understandably, thesynthetic oils thatwere tested did not exhibit auras because they are not fromlivingorganisms.Although Ioriginallywanted to focus thisbookonpureessentialoils (those

createdthroughdistillation)andomitextractscreatedthroughotherprocesses,Irealized that this approach would be limiting. For example, jasmine has suchdelicate flowers that the distillation process does not work with them, but todisregardthispopularscentwithitsrangeofmagicalpotentialjustdidn’tseemright. Since I opened that door, I decided to also include the hydrosols(previously known as floralwaters) in the arsenal ofmagical scents presentedhere. I have not found research using Kirlian photography with these otherproducts, and I do not know if they produce auras as do pure essential oils.However, they do carry the vibrational energy of the plants fromwhich theywereproduced.AndsoIleaveittoeachindividualtodecidewhattoincludeinmagicalpractice and ritual.After all, thepurposeof thisbook is to encourageexploration and creativity in the realm of scent. Let your intuition andimaginationguideyouraromaticalchemyandshapeyourmagic.Asnoted,therearenohardandfastrulesforcreatingessential-oilblends,but

therearebasicguidelinesforchoosingoilsthatwillhaveamutuallyenhancingeffect when combined. With a fundamental understanding of the variousmethods,wewillseehowtoincorporateamagicalapproachsoyoucancreatepowerful,synergisticcombinations.

Thisbookisdividedintotwosections,alongwithappendices.InSectionOne,wewillexplorethehistoricalbackgroundofoilsandtheirpresent-daymagicaluses. We will get to the nitty-gritty and learn about the different aromaticextracts, the processes used to create them, and the equipment needed to getstarted with blending. This is followed by three standard methods ofchoosing/mixing oils: by botanical family, scent group, and perfume note.Another chapter is devoted towhat I call the “AsAbove,SoBelow”method,whichIcreated.Andaspreviouslymentioned,wewillalsogivethecarrieroilstheirdueandexplorehowyoucanincorporatetheirmagicalpropertiesintoyourblends.Althoughthisisnotarecipebook,Iwillbesharingonerecipeattheendofeachchaptertoillustratehowoilsworktogetherchemicallyandmagically.Section Two contains an encyclopedic listing of essential and carrier oil

profiles with information on the plants they came from, their historical use,detailsabouttheoil,and,ofcourse,theirmagicaluses.Intheappendicesyou’llfindcross-referencesthatmakeiteasyforyoutofindwhatyouneed.Andnow,let’sbeginourjourneyintoaromaticalchemy.

[contents]

1.Sonnedecker,HistoryofPharmacy,40.2.Franklyn,SurveyoftheOccult,14.3.MillerandMiller,TheMagicalandRitualUseofPerfumes,11.4.Greer,EncyclopediaoftheOccult,445.5.Ibid.6.Aftel,EssenceandAlchemy,49.

CHAPTER1

ScentinHistoryandModernMagic

HistoricalBackgroundThehistoryofessentialoils is intertwinedwith thehistoryofherbalmedicine,whichinturnhasbeenanintegralpartofmagicalpractices.Herbalmedicinehasbeen used for more than treating minor ailments and disease; it has beeninstrumental in providing life-enhancing benefits. In most ancient cultures,peoplebelievedplantstobemagical,andforthousandsofyearsherbswereusedasmuch for ritual as theywere formedicine and food.According tomedicalherbalist and healerAndrewChevallier, the presence of herbs in burial tombsatteststotheirpowersbeyondmedicine.Inaddition,fourth-centuryBCEGreekphilosopherAristotlenotedhisbeliefthatplantshadpsyches.7

Aromaticplantsintheformofoilandincensewereelementsofreligiousandtherapeutic practices in early culturesworldwide. In addition, anointmentwithperfumesandfragrantoilswasanalmostuniversalpractice.Burningincenseinrituals provided a connection between the physical and spiritual—between themundaneandthedivine.ThewordperfumecomesfromtheLatinper,meaning“through,” and fume,meaning “smoke.”8 It was a common belief that contactwiththedivinecouldbeachievedthroughthesmokeofincense.TheancientEgyptiansbelieved thatdeitieswereembodied in thesmokeand

fragrance of temple incense. In addition, aromatics were used to deepenmeditationandpurify thespiritaswellas toaddsubtlety to theirsophisticatedsystemofmagic.Dating toapproximately1500BCE, theEberspapyrus is theoldest written record of Egyptian use of medicinal plants. Along with thephysicaldetailsofplants,themanuscriptcontainsrelatedspellsandincantations.Italsomentionsfineoilsforperfumeryandincense.Madefromhealingherbs,many of the perfumed oils doubled as medicines. Likewise, Egyptian priestsoftendoubledasphysiciansandperfumers.Thosewhospecializedinembalmingthedeadalsousedtheirexpertiseforthelivingbycreatingmixturestobeautifyskinandprotectitfromtheharsh,damagingdesertclimate.Alwaysavaluablecommodity,frankincensewasconsideredtheperfumeofthe

gods and was used in temple rites as well as a base for perfumes. Becauseperfumedoilswerehighlyprized, theuseof themremained in theprovinceofroyalty and the upper classes. These oils were often kept in exquisite bottlesmadeofalabaster,jade,andotherpreciousmaterialsthatwerefunctionalaswell

as beautiful. Some of these flasks retained scent until they were opened byarchaeologiststhousandsofyearsafterbeingsealed.WhentheHebrewsleftEgyptaround1240BCE,theytooktheknowledgeand

practiceofperfumerywiththemtoIsrael.Theirtemplescontainedtwotypesofaltars, one forburntofferings and theother for incense.TheBabylonians alsoemployed the use of aromatic plants and became a major supplier of plantmaterials to other countries. Both the Babylonians and Sumerians prizedcedarwood,cypress,myrtle,andpinefortheirdeities.TheAssyrianswerefondofaromaticsforreligiousritualsaswellaspersonaluse,andtheMesopotamiansusedceremoniesandspecialincantationswhengatheringherbs.InthethirteenthcenturyBCE, theMycenaeansusedscentedoils tohonordeitiesaswellasforgravegoods.Throughouttheancientworld,informationflowedfromoneculturetoanother,andbythesecondcenturyBCEtherewasathrivingtradeinherbs,spices,andoilsamongEurope,theMiddleEast,India,andAsia.Some of the earliest writings from India, known as the Vedas (circa 1500

BCE), contain praises to the natural world along with information aboutaromatics including cinnamon, coriander, ginger, myrrh, sandalwood, andspikenard.Workingwithherbswas,andstillistoacertaindegree,consideredasacredtaskinIndia.ThiseventuallyevolvedintoAyurvedicmedicine,whichisbelieved to be the oldest system of healing. Its name comes from the sacredSanskritlanguage,withayurmeaning“life”andveda,“knowledge.”9WrittenbythephysicianCharakain700BCE,theCharakaSamhitadetailsapproximately350plantsandisstillwidelyconsultedtoday.Inadditiontohealing,oilsplayanimportant role in the religious rites of India. Anointingwith perfumed oils isusedtopurgeworshippersofspiritual impurities.Inpreparationforthefuneralpyre, bodies are cleansed with sandalwood and turmeric. Although the tenth-centuryMiddle Eastern physicianAvicenna (980–1037) is often creditedwithdiscovering the distillation process, archaeological evidence from the IndusValley in northern India indicates that distilling aromatic plants into oils wasachievedtherearound3000BCE.10

Herbs are also integral to traditional Chinese medicine, which dates toapproximately200BCEinatextcalledtheYellowEmperor’sClassicofInternalMedicine.ThissystemofhealingisseparatefromChinesefolkmedicine,which

includedtheuseofaromaticsinreligiousrituals.Herbswerealsoimportantformaintainingbeautyandhygiene.Chineseherbalists influenced thepracticesofJapan and Korea, as fifth-century Buddhist monks transported spiritual andmedicinal information with them on their travels. There was also movementwestwardasPhoenicianmerchantstradedscentedoilsaroundtheMediterraneanregion,bringingaromatictreasuresfromtheEasttoEurope—mostnotablytotheGreeksandRomans.GreekhistorianHerodotus(circa484–425BCE)andPythagoreanphilosopher

Democrates(borncirca460BCE)visitedEgyptandthendistributedthewisdomofperfumerytheyfoundtheretoawiderworld.AsthepopularityofperfumesincreasedamongtheGreeks,themedicinalpropertiesofherbsandoilsbecamecommon knowledge. Unlike Egyptians, Greeks at all levels of society usedperfumed oils. TheGreeks used aromatics to honor deities at feasts and usedperfumed oils on themselves to please the gods because they believed thatanything extracted from plants held spiritual qualities. Greek physician andbotanist Pedanius Dioscorides (circa 40–90 CE) compiled the first herbalmanuscript inEurope,DeMateriaMedica,which served as amajor referencewellintotheseventeenthcentury.TheancientRomanscarriedontheGreekuseof botanicals formedicinal and perfumery purposes. In addition, they scentedtheirentiresurroundings,fromtheirbodies,clothes,andhomestopublicbathsandfountains.Elsewhere in theworld, the aboriginalpeopleofAustralia closely integrated

theirculturewiththeirmedicineanddevelopedasophisticatedunderstandingofnativeplants.Theireucalyptusandtea-treeremediesarenowusedworldwide.InSouth and Central America the ancient Maya, Inca, and Aztec had herbaltraditionsthatwereintertwinedwithreligiousrites.SomeofthepracticesfromtheAztec,Mayan, and Spanish cultures evolved intomodernMexican herbalmedicine.NorthoftheRioGrande,plantswerealsoemployedforbothhealingand ritual by Native American peoples. European settlers in the NewWorldadapted some of these herbal practices into theirs, andAfrican slaves broughttheirherbalandreligioustraditions,addingtothemélange.TheinfluenceoftheYoruba from West Africa created a rich Afro-Caribbean culture and herbalmedicinethatstillmaintainsaseparateidentity.

AfterthefalloftheRomanEmpire,theuseofperfumerywanedasEuropewasplunged backwards into the Dark Ages. To escape the upheaval, manyphysicians and other learned people relocated to Constantinople (Istanbul,Turkey, today), and along with them went a storehouse of knowledge. AsEuropean civilization foundered, the works of Hippocrates, Dioscorides, andothers were translated and widely distributed in the Middle East.Experimentationwithplantscontinuedandthetenth-centuryphysicianAvicennaextractedplantessence,producingotto(orattar),theoilofflowers—inthiscaseroses. As European culture slowly recovered, the practice of perfumery wasspreadbytheMoorsfromtheMiddleEastintoSpain,whereitbecamepopular.AftertheCrusades,theperfumesofArabiawereingreatdemandthroughouttheContinent, and by the thirteenth century a booming trade between theMiddleEastandEuropehadbeenestablishedonceagain.By the mid-sixteenth century, perfumery had made a strong comeback in

Europe.InFrancefragrancewasusedasinancientRome:ontheperson,inthehome, and in public fountains. Experimenting with local plants, Europeansbegan distilling lavender, rosemary, and sage oils. While essential-oil blendswerepopularformaskingbodyodor, theywerealsousedmedicinally.Juniper,laurel,andpinewerewidelyusedforcombatingillness,includingtheplague.InEngland, physician and master herbalist Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654)publishedhisgreatherbaltreatiseTheEnglishPhysitian.AneditionofthisbookwasthefirstherbalpublishedintheAmericancoloniesin1700.Foratimetheuseofherbsandperfumerywerestifledwithadoublewhammy:

universitiesandtheemergingmedicalestablishmentfoughttotakeherbsoutofthehandsof theso-calleduneducated,and theChristianchurchsteeredpeopleawayfrompersonaladornmentintheirbidtoholdpoweroverpeople’slives.Asaresult,theuseofaromatics,evenpossessingoilsandunguents,becameawayto identify Witches, and culture again took a backward step. Under GreatBritain’s King George III, who ruled from 1760 to 1820, a woman’s use ofscents or potionswas equatedwith seduction and betrayal, andwasmetwith“thesamepenaltiesinforceagainstWitchcraft.”11

Eventually, herbal practices and perfumery made a comeback as attitudesshifted,butbythemid-nineteenthcentury,essentialoilswerebeingreplacedby

chemicals in medicine. By the twentieth century, perfumes and cosmeticscontainedmostlysyntheticfragrance,whichwascheaperandeasiertoproduce.Ironically, a French chemist, René-Maurice Gattefossé, was responsible forresurrectingtheuseofessentialoilsduringthe1920s.Afterburninghishandinhis laboratory, he grabbed the nearest bottle of liquid,which turned out to belavender oil. Intrigued by the rapid healing effect of the oil, he devoted theremainder of his career to studying essential oils and named his discoveryaromatherapy.

ModernMagicalUsesofEssentialOilsJust like theplants fromwhich theycome,essentialoilshaveawide rangeofapplicationsforritualandmagicwork.Beforegetting intohowtoblend them,let’slookatthewaysessentialoilscanbeusedinPaganandWiccanpractices.First, however, before using a blend, I like to charge it energeticallywithmyintention.Standinginfrontofmyaltarwithmyhandscuppedaroundthebottleandmy eyes closed, I think aboutwhat Iwant to accomplish and visualize itcomingtofruition.Ithensaysomethinglikethis:

Bywater,earth,air,andfire,maythisblendbringmydesire.Bynorth,south,east,andwest,maymypurposebyyoubeblessed.Poweroftheseplantsworkforme,somotethisvisioncometobe.

Asthesewordsaregeneral innature,other timesI like to includesomethingspecific about the purpose of the blend. Sometimes when I make blends forgeneral ritual applications, I like to charge them by chantingwhile I stand infront ofmy altar and allowmy energy to flow frommy heart center into thebottle of oil. When charging a “grounding” blend that I use after rituals, Ivisualizemyenergyflowingintothebottleofoilandbacktome,andthendowntoMotherEarth.NomatterwhatmethodIusetoimpartmyenergyandintentiontotheoil,Ileavethebottleonmyaltarforatleastadaytoabsorbtheenergyofmyritualspace.Essentialoilsarepopularforblessingsandconsecrations,butbecausetheycan

damage varnish, paint, plastic, and other surfaces, it is important to use themwelldiluted,especiallyonaltars,magicaltools,anddivinationobjects.Sincemy

altarisawoodentable,Idabtheoilunderneaththetabletopandvisualizeplantenergy giving it magical support. In addition, you might consider creatingspecialblendsforsabbatsorfullmoonsandincludeaconsecrationwiththemaspartofyouraltarpreparation.Ifyoudouseoilonobjects,theonesthatyouholdfor any length of time during ritual will release fragrance as your body heatactivatesthescent.Asanalternativetoputtingoildirectlyonmagicordivinationtools,tryafew

drops of your blend on a small cotton ball and place itwhere you store theseitems. Thiswill allow them to slowly absorb the vibrational energy of the oilwithout causingdamage.The samecanbedone for spellwork itemsonwhichyoudonotwanttoputoil.Also,inthelead-uptoactuallydoingaspell,useacottonballwithyourspecialoilblendandstoreitwiththethingsyouwillusefor the spell. This will give them time to steep in the scent as well as yourintention.Ifbathingbeforeritualormagicworkispartofyourpractice,addingessential

oiltothewaterisagoodwaytoamplifypurificationaswellasinitiateintention.However,youwillneedtodiluteessentialoilswithacarrieroilbeforeaddingittoyourbathbecauseoilscanirritate theskinandmucusmembranes.Essentialoilsarenotwater-soluble,and theywill floaton thewater rather thandispersethroughout it.A2%to3%dilution ratiowithacarrieroilworkswell forbathapplications.Inplaceofacarrieroil,considermixingyouressentialoilsinmilk.Thefatty

lipids inmilk act the same as carriers because essential oils are lipid-soluble,whichmeanstheydissolveinoil.Besuretomixyourcombinationofmilkandessential oilwell before adding it to thewater. In addition, themilk bathwassaidtohavebeenabeautysecretoffirst-centuryBCEqueenofEgyptCleopatra.Modernresearchcorroboratesitseffectiveness.Becauseofmilk’shighlevelsoflacticacid,deadskincellsareremoved,leavingbehindawonderfulcomplexion—allover.Becausehydrosolsarewater-basedandcanbeaddeddirectlytowater,theyare

analternative tousingessentialoils in thebath.Aswithaltarpreparation,youmightconsiderasabbat,fullmoon,orotherspecialblendofoilsorhydrosolsforyourbath,too.Wewillgointodilutionratiosandhydrosolsinthenextchapter.

Scentinganareabeforeandduring ritual,magic,orpsychicwork is anotherwaytoharnessthevibrationalenergyofessentialoils.Thisiseasilydonewithadiffuser. While electronic diffusers, nebulizers, and all sorts of gadgets areavailableinarangeofsizesandprices, thelow-techtealightcandlelampdoesthejobnicely.Besides,candlesenhancetheambianceofritualandcraftwork.Inadditiontooils,hydrosolscanbeusedtoscentanareausingaspraybottleandmistingtheair.Thefragrancedoesn’tlastaslongasoilinadiffuser;however,itis a simple, quickway to purify and consecrate an area, especially if you aredoingritualinapublicplace.TakingacuefromtheancientEgyptians’useofincense,Iliketouseoilblends

as an altar offering. I have done this as part of ritual as well as other timessimplytohonoradeity.AsanofferingvesselIuseasmallporcelainsaltcellarthathasbeeninmyfamilyforabout100years.It’saflat-bottomedbowlthat’saboutaninchandahalfindiameter.IplacejustafewdropsofoilinthebowlasIchantorreciteanincantationtoannounceitspurpose.Anofferingofthistypecanprecedemagic,divination,orpsychicworktovibrationallysmooththeway.Anotheruseofessential-oilblendsisforanointingoneselfand/orothers.Since

anointing oil ismost likely placed on the forehead or scalp, it is important tocheck with anointees first to avoid sensitivity issues. Also, review the safetyguidelinesandindividualwarningsinthisbookaswellasinformationfromyouroilsupplier.Whenyoucreateablendforanointing,besuretouseadilutionratioof1%or1.5%atmost,which isnormallyusedforfacials.Oilblendsusedonother parts of the body can range from1% to 3% ratios.Any blends used onchildrenshouldnotexceeda1%dilution.Withyourchildreninmind,considercreating a special scent that could include protective or general well-beingintentions.OnewayofusingessentialoilsthathasbeenfairlycommonforWiccansand

Pagansistoconsecratecandlesforritualorspecificspells.Ifyouhaven’tdonethis before, simply place a small amount of oil on your fingertip, or a cottonswab if it’s anoilyoudon’twant tohandle.Drawa line from thebaseof thecandle to the top on four sides (think cardinal directions) to direct yourintentionsoutward.Ifacandleisforbanishingorgroundingpurposes,gofromtoptobottom.Alternatively,youcandrawaspiralupordownthecandleorjust

create several circles around it. Instead of carving names, runes, numbers,Oghams,orothersymbolsintocandlesformagicwork,drawtheminoil.Oils are often used to consecrate gemstones and crystals. This will actually

boost the vibrational energy of the stone and the oil. A tiny dab is all that isneeded.Avoidbathingthestoneinoil,asthismaysubduefeaturessuchasanyopticalphenomena.Aswithmyaltar,Iliketodabtheoilonthebottomofthestonetosettheintentionthatmyblendisprovidingsupport.Speaking of vibrational energies,wearing a fragrant blend as ritual perfume

worksnicelywhendabbedonpressurepoints suchas thewrists, ankles,neck,and behind the knees. Be sure to use amild blend that doesn’t exceed a 3%dilution ratio. Ritual perfume could be the same that you use in a diffuser orsomethingdifferentthatwouldcomplementtheotherblend.Ifyouareamemberof a coven, youmight consider creating a ritual blend for the group.Using aparticularscentwillaidinbringingeveryonetogetherintoaritualmindset.Youcouldalsocreateasignatureblendforyourcoven towearat festivalsorotherlargegatherings.Onanintimatelevel,youcouldcreateapassionblendforaspecialmassageoil

forusewithyour lover. Inaddition,abinding lovemix isawaytocarryyourhandfastingceremonyintoyourweddingnight.A2%or2½%dilutionrationistypicalforafull-bodymassage.In addition to the sacred and special use of oil blends is their use formore

mundanepurposes.Notonlycantheyaidinmagicalhousecleaning,butsomeoilssuchaslavender,lemon,andteatreearealsoperfectbecausetheyactuallyhelptodisinfect.Ihavealsousedessential-oilblendsbeforemovingintoanewhouse inorder toclear the spaceenergeticallyaswell as tobless it.For this Ipreferusingatealightcandlediffuserbecausetheflameboostsmyintentionofpurificationandnewbeginnings.Aftergivingtheoilafewminutestowarmup,Iwalkthroughouttheentirehousesayingsomethinglike:

Blessthosewhohavelivedherebeforeme;Anywholingerarenowsetfree.

Maywisdomandlovefillthisspace;IcallontheLordandLady’sgrace.

Specialmixes canbeused as houseblessings for sabbats or other importanttimes.Protectiveblendscanbedabbedoverthedoorwaysoranywhereyoufeelthe need for it or any type of household energy boost.And, of course, forgetabout the air fresheners on themarket.Makeyourown,whichwill keepyourhouseclearaswellasmagical.

SampleBlendAsnotedinthisbook’sintroduction,Iwillbesharingafewofmyownblends.EarlierinthischapterImentionedmygroundingblendthatIuseafterritualsorwheneverIneedhelpbringingmyenergybacktoamundanelevel.Icreatedthisusingthesingle-scentgroupmethodofselectingoils,whichwillbecoveredinchapter 4. This blend uses three oils from the woody scent group: patchouli,cypress,andvetiver.Cypressandpatchouliarebothassociatedwithgroundingand vetiver with balance. All three oils are associated with protection, whichaddsasenseofsecurityforme.

GroundingBlendPatchouli:20dropsCypress:15dropsVetiver:5drops

Formostmagicalapplications,youressential-oilblendscanbeusedinplaceofactualherbs(exceptforeatingthem)inspells,charms,andasamulets.Themoreyou enjoy blending the oils, themore uses youwill find for them.Now, let’slearnabouttheoilsandthebasicstepsforcreatingablend.

[contents]

7.Chevallier,EncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,16.8.Wilson,Aromatherapy,11.9.Chevallier,EncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,34.10.Lawless,EncyclopediaofEssentialOils,18.11.Sell,TheChemistryofFragrances,16.

CHAPTER2

GettingStarted

AboutEssentialOilsandTheirExtractionProcessesEssentialoilsholdthelifeforceandvibrationalenergyoftheplantsfromwhichthey came. As alchemists themselves, plants transform sunlight for manypurposes,oneofwhich is tomakeessentialoils.12Theseoilsareproduced forvarious functions such as aiding growth, attracting insects for pollination, andprotectingagainstfungiorbacteria.Mostplantsproduceessentialoils insmallquantities,but it is theplantscommonlycalled“aromatics” thatcreateenoughfor us to harvest and enjoy. Essential oils are obtained from various parts ofplants,anddependingon theplant, itmayproduceseparateoils fromdifferentparts.Forexample,cinnamonyieldsoilfrombothitsleavesandbark.Essentialoilscanbeobtainedfrom:•leaves,stems,twigs•flowers,flowerbuds•fruitorthepeel•wood,bark•resin,oleoresin,gum•roots,rhizomes,bulbs•seeds,kernels,nuts

Most of us have an idea of what an essential oil is, but the term is oftenmistakenly applied to a broad range of aromatic products from almost anynaturalsource.Keyaspectstoessentialoilsarethattheydissolveinalcoholoroilbutnotinwater,andtheyevaporateifexposedtotheair.Mostessentialoilsareliquid,butsome,suchasroseoil,maybecomeasemi-soliddependingonthetemperature.Other oils are solids.However, the defining factor is themethodusedtoextracttheoilfromplantmaterial.Essentialoils,alsocalledvolatileoils,are obtained through the processes of distillation and expression. Aromaticextracts are obtained by solvent extraction. The products created by solvent

extractioncontainbothvolatileandnon-volatilecomponents.Let’stakeacloserlookattheseprocessesandtheproductsproducedfromthem:

Figure2.1Methodsofextraction

The oldest and easiestmethod of oil extraction is called expression orcold-pressing.Cold-pressedmaybeafamiliartermforthosewhoenjoycookingwitholiveoil.Foressentialoils,thisextractionprocessworksonlywithcitrusfruitsbecause they hold high quantities of oil near the surface of their rinds.Dependingontheplant,thewholefruitorjustthepeeliscrushed,andthenthevolatile oil is separated outwith a centrifuge.This simplemechanicalmethoddoes not require heat or chemicals. Just a point to keep inmind: if the plantswerenotorganicallygrown,theremaybeachancethatthefruitwassprayedandanypesticideresiduethatremainedonitmayresultintraceamountsintheoil.Themostprevalentprocessforextractingessentialoilsisthroughdistillation,

whichcanbeaccomplishedusingsteamorwater.Inthedistillationprocess,thevolatileandwater-insolublepartsofplantsareseparated,allowingtheessentialoiltobecollected.Sometimesproductsaredistilledasecondtimetopurifytheoilfurtherandriditofanynon-volatilematerialthatmayhavebeenleftbehindthefirsttime.

Figure2.2Thedistillationprocessusingsteam

Whensteamisusedinthedistillationprocessasillustratedinfigure2.2,itispumped into a vessel from underneath the plant material. Heat and pressurewithinthevesselproducedbythesteamcausetheplantmaterialtobreakdownandreleaseitsvolatileoil.Theoilbecomesvaporizedandistransportedwiththesteamthroughthestillintothecondenserwheretheyarecooled.Thisreturnstheoilandwater to their liquidstates.Dependingon thedensityof theoil, itwilleitherfloattothetoporsinktothebottomofthewater.Eitherway,itiseasilyseparatedout.Differentplantsaswellasvariouspartsofplantsrequiredifferentamountsoftimeandtemperaturesforthisprocess.Hydro-diffusion is a slightlydifferent formof steamdistillation inwhich the

steamisforcedintothevesselfromaboveratherthanbelowtheplantmaterial.The advantages are that it takes less steam and generally a shorter amount oftime for thisprocess. In addition, someperfumersbelieve that hydro-diffusionproducesaricheraromathanthestandardsteamdistillation.Inwaterdistillation,plantmaterialiscompletelyimmersedinhotwater.This

process uses less pressure and slightly lower temperatures than steamdistillation.Nevertheless,someplants,suchasclarysageandlavender, tendtobreakdowninthisprocess.Ontheotherhand,becauseneroli(orangeblossom)issensitivetohightemperatures,waterdistillationworkswell.After the essential oil is separated from the water in these distillation

processes, the water itself is an aromatic byproduct called a hydrosol.Traditionally these have been called floralwaters (i.e., rosewater) and contain

the water-soluble molecules of aromatic plants. Hydrosols are also calledhydroflorates and hydrolats. The latter name ultimately comes from the Latinlac,meaning “milk.” Itwas so namedbecause floralwaters appear somewhatcloudy ormilky just after they are separated from the essential oil. Althoughthey are chemically different from their corresponding essential oils, thefragrance is similar.However, because hydrosols arewater-based, they do notmix well with oils. Also note that hydrosols should not be used in place offlower-essence remedies as they are not prepared under the same conditionsrequiredforconsumableproducts.The term flower essences may cause some confusion because they are not

fragrantand theyarenotessentialoils.Theyare infusionsof flowers inwater,which is thenmixed in a 50% brandy solution.Whereas the brandy acts as apreservativeforfloweressences,hydrosols,beingmostlywater,cangobad.The heat employed in steam andwater distillation can cause changes to the

plantmaterialandtheresultingoil.Sometimes,thiscanbeagoodthing,butinother circumstances, not so much. For example, heat converts the chemicalmatricin in German chamomile to chamazulene, which gives the oil its bluecolor. Medicinally, this is considered advantageous because the chamazulenemakes the oil useful for anti-inflammatory treatments. On the other hand,jasmineflowersaresodelicatethatheatorwaterdestroysthevolatileoil.To avoid the negative effects that heat or water have on some plants, the

solvent extraction process is used to obtain essential oil. Chemicals such asbutane,hexane,ethanol,methanol,orpetroleumetherareusedinthisprocesstorinse the volatile oil from the plant. This rinsing produces a semi-solid,waxyproduct called a concrete, which, in addition to the volatile oil, contains theplant’swaxesand fattyacids. In thecaseof jasmine, theconcrete is50%waxand 50%volatile oil.An advantage of a concrete is that it ismore stable andconcentratedthananessentialoil.Furtherrinsingwithalcoholorethanol,orafreezingprocessisusedtoremove

thesolventsandwaxes.Thisstepproducesasubstancecalledanabsolute.Whilethese substances areusuallyviscous liquids, theycanbe solidsor semi-solids.Absolutes arehighly concentratedandhavea stronger, richer fragrance that isoftenmoreliketheplantitselfthantheessentialoil,whichmakesthemattractive

for perfumery. The solvent extraction method produces a greater yield thandistillation and is useful on plants that generally have low quantities of oil.Absolutes and concretes are sometimes distilled to produce an essential oil.Aproblemwith absolutes and concretes is that they contain impurities: tracesofthechemicalsusedtoremovetheoilfromtheplantmaterial.Inanattempttoavoidtheproblemofimpurities,anewermethodcalledCO2

extraction,sometimescalledsuper-criticalCO2extraction,hasbeendeveloped.This process uses carbon dioxide in a liquid state at high pressure to dissolveplantmaterialandreleasetheoil.Afterwards,whenthepressureisreduced,thecarbondioxidereturnstoitsgaseousstate,leavingtheoilbehindandreportedlyno chemical residue as in typical solvent extraction. However, like solventextraction,CO2extractscontainfats,waxes,andresinsfromtheplants.TherearetwotypesofCO2extractionproductsthatyoumayencounter.One

is created at lower pressure and designated as a select extract, orSE. It has aliquid consistency and does not contain as much of the plant fat, waxes, andresins.Theother type is calleda totalextract. It is thicker than the select andcontains more of the non-soluble plant material. According to Ingrid Martin,authorand instructorofaromatherapyatAshmeadCollege inSeattle, lab testsshow“significantdifferences inchemicalcompositions”between trueessentialoils and the CO2 products.13 In addition, I have not found information onexperimentstodetermineiftheyproduceaurasaspureessentialoilsdo.Anothersubstancecreatedbystandardsolventextractioniscalledaresinoid.

As the name implies, it comes from resinous plant materials, which includeresins, balsams, oleoresins, and oleo gum resins. (Refer to the glossary forinformationonthesesubstances.)Theresinoidendproductcanbeintheformofaviscousliquid,asolid,orasemi-solid.Aresinabsoluteiscreatedbyafurtherextractionprocessusingalcohol.Insteadofsolventextraction,afewresinssuchasfrankincenseandmyrrhareactuallysteam-distilledtocreateessentialoils.Anothermethodofextractioniscalledenfleurage.Thisisnotcommonlyused

todaybecauseitisextremelytime-consumingandlaborintensive,thusmakingitcostly.Thisprocessisusedtocreateanabsolutefromexpensiveflowerssuchasjasmine.Insteadofextractingthefloweressencewithachemicalsolvent,afattysubstancesuchastalloworlardisused.Thisprocessinvolvescoatingaframed

sheet of glass with the fat and then placing a layer of flowers in it. Anotherframeofglassisplacedontopoftheflowers,whichinturniscoatedwithfatonwhichalayerflowersisplaced,andsoon.Onceadaythewholearrayofglassframesisdisassembled,theflowerspicked

out,andnewonesplacedinthesamefatandtheneverythingisstackedagain.This process goes on until the fat becomes saturated with volatile oil. Thenumber of days it takes depends on the type of flower—for jasmine it takesabout70days.Aftertheflowersarepickedoutonthefinalday,thefatisrinsedwithalcoholtoseparatetheoilfromit.Whenthealcoholevaporates,anabsoluteisleft.Thistypeofabsoluteitselfissometimescalledanenfleurage.Anotherproductyoumayencounter iscalledan infusedoil;however, this is

not an essential oil. An infused oil is created in an easy, low-cost process bysoakingplantmaterialinwarmvegetableoiltoinfuseitwithaplant’saroma.Avery lowamountofessentialoil isactuallyreleased into theoil. Infusion,alsocalledmaceration,isaveryoldmethodthatwasusedbytheancientEgyptiansto extract fragrance and other plant substances for culinary and medicinalpurposes.Infusedoilisnotabadthing,andinfactitisquiteniceforcookingorusingonsalads.Rosemaryinoliveoilisoneofmyfavorites.However,keepinmindthatthisisnotanessentialoilanditshouldnotbepricedorpassedoffasone.Thereareafewthingstowatchoutforwhenpurchasingessentialoils.First,

therearethesyntheticoils.Whilethesearelowerincosttheyarealsolowerinqualitybecausetheyarecreatedchemically,usuallywithpetroleumbyproducts,insteadofwithplantmaterial.Theseoilsmaysmellliketherealthing,buttheydonotcarrythetrueessenceorsynergyofthenaturalworldandwilldonothingtoboostmagical intent.Another thing tobeawareof isdilutionwithacarrieroil.Asimplewaytotestforthisistoputadropoftheessentialoilonapieceofpaper.Afteritevaporates,thereshouldbenotraceleftbehind;however,anoilymarkindicatesthepresenceofacarrieroil.Pricingcanbearedflagindicatingadulteratedorsyntheticoilifacompany’s

productsallcostthesame.Someplantsaresimplymoreexpensivethanothers,andthisisreflectedinthepriceofessentialoils.Also,anythinglabeled“nature-identical” is another red flag thatusually indicates that anoil is syntheticor a

natural oil has been adulterated with a synthetic version. In mymind, naturemeansthenaturalworld,period.Thereisnothing“identical”toit.A finalpoint tonote is thatessentialoilscome fromplantsandnotanimals.

Musk,civet,andotheroilsfromanimalsshouldnotbeclassifiedasessentialoilsastheydonotcontainlife-forceessence.

LettheBlendingBeginThe equipment needed for blending essential oils is fairly minimal. Afterdecidingwhichessentialoilsyouwanttouse,purchasetheminsmallamounts,asitdoesnottakemuchtocreateblendsformagicwork.Storetheoilsinacool,dark,anddryenvironment.Avoidkeepingtheminabathroomorkitchenasthehumidity and fluctuating temperatures of these rooms may damage the oils.Because essential oils arehighly concentrated, youwill alsoneeda carrier oil(sometimescalledabaseoil), intowhichyourblendswillbemixed. (Refer tochapter7fordetailsoncarrieroils.)Carrieroilsareimportantbecauseessentialoilsshouldneverbeusedontheskinfullstrengthastheymaycauseirritation.Inadditiontotheessentialandcarrieroils,otheritemsthatyouwillneedinclude:•smallbottleswithscrew-oncapsforblendingandstoringessentialoils,andformixingwithcarrieroils•smalldropperstotransferessentialandcarrieroilsintoblendingbottles•adroppermarkedwithamillilitergaugeformeasuringcarrieroil(optional)•smalladhesivelabels•anotebook•cottonswabsorperfumeblotterstrips/scenttestingstrips(optional)

Allbottlesusedforessentialoilsshouldbedarkincolorandmadeofglass.Adarkbottlepreventsoildegradationcausedbylight.Mostbottlesonthemarketareusuallyamberorcobaltblueandcomeinarangeofsizes.Neveruseplasticbecausethebottle’schemicalcompositioncaninteractwithessentialoils.The2and5millilitersizebottlesaregoodforblendingessentialoils,andthe15or30milliliter sizes work well for combining them with carrier oil. Also have aseparate dropper for each essential oilwhen transferring them to the blendingbottle to avoid even a minor inadvertent mixing of oils. Even a tiny bit ofdifferentoilcanchange the fragrance.Makesure that thebottlesanddroppers

are clean and dry before use. It is best towork on a surface that iswashablebecause essential oils can damage varnish, paint, and plastic surfaces. I alsorecommendputtingdownalayerofpapertowelstocatchanystraydrops.For the moment we will assume that you have chosen your essential and

carrieroilsandyouhaveallofyourparaphernaliainfrontofyou.Nowwhat?Becausetheseoilblendsaregoingtobeusedformagicandritual,Iliketoset

that intent from the very beginning. After I assemble all my blending gear, Idrawapentagramwitha felt-tippenon thepaper towelsonmyworksurface.WhileI’mdoingthis,Iliketochantorsayanincantationsuchas:Greenworld,greenworld,abundantandpure;Bringforthyourstrength,beauty,andmore.Greenworld,greenworldpleaseassistme;Manifestmyintentions,somoteitbe.For your first blend it’s a good idea to start with three oils, so it will be

interestingbut simple. In fact,more isnot alwaysbetter, and some reallyniceblendscanbemadewithtwotofouroils.Thefirststepistogetfamiliarwiththeindividual scents. Open one bottle of essential oil and dip a cotton swab orblotterstripintotheoil.Gentlywaftitbackandforthunderyournose.Ifyouarenotusingaswaborstrips,waftthebottlebackandforthbutholditfartherthanyouwouldtheblotterstrip(nocloserthanyourchin),asthefragrancedirectlyfromthebottlewillbestronger.Close your eyes for amoment and allow the scent to speak to you.Does it

evokeanyparticularsensation,emotion,orimage?Takeamomenttowriteyourimpressionsinyournotebookandthenput thelidbackonthebottleorset theswab/blotterstripaside.Youmayalsowanttowalkintoadifferentroomtoclearyoursensesofthefragrancebeforemovingontothenextoil.AlthoughIhavenot tried it, I haveheard thatwafting freshcoffeegroundsunder thenosecancleartheolfactorysenses.Whenyoureturntoyourworkspace,repeatthisprocessfortheotheroils.The

laststepbeforeactuallymixingthemis to takeall threeswabsorblotterstripsandwaftthemtogetherunderyournose.Ifyouarenotusingthese,setallthreeopenbottlestogetherandmoveyourfacebackandforthabovethem.Thiswillprovide a little preview of how the oils may blend, but don’t jump to any

conclusions.Youwillonlyknowhowtheblendworksaftertheoilsareactuallymixedandtheyhavetimetosettleandmature.Now,youare ready toblend.Using separatedroppers, putonedropof each

essentialoil into theblendingbottle.WhileAgent007mayhavepreferredhismartini “shaken, not stirred,” formixingoilswewant to swirl, not shake.Formostblends,swirlinadeosildirection;however,whenblendingforbanishing,protection,orsomeotherintentions,youmaywanttoswirltheoppositewayinawiddershins direction. After a few swirls, waft the bottle near your face topreviewtheblend.Keepinmindthestrengthoftheoils’initialintensity,whichisimportantsoonedoesn’toverpowertheothers.Ifallthreeoilsareratedatthesamestrength,it’snotaproblem,butchancesaretheymaybedifferent.Ifoneoilisstrongerthantheothertwo,addadropmoreoftheothers.Iftheyarealldifferentstrengths,adjusttheamountsaccordingly.Beforetakinganotherwhiff,set the bottle aside, walk around the room or into the next room for a fewminutesbeforereturningtotakeawhiff.Aswithmostthingsrelatedtoblendingoils,therearedifferentscalesforrating

theinitialstrengthofoils.Ifindasimple1to5workswellforme,anditistheonethatIhaveusedthroughoutthisbook.

Table2.1InitialStrengthofEssentialOilAroma

1=light2=mild

3=medium4=strong

5=verystrong

Atthispointtheblendisinitsinfancy.Takenotesabouthowmanydropsofeach oil you used aswell as your initial impression of themixture. Don’t beafraidtomakecorrections.Ifyourintuitiontellsyouthatadropmoreofanoilwouldbebetter,tryit.Thisisthewaytolearnandhoneyourskills.However,ifthemixseemsasthoughit’salmostrightorifyouarenotsureaboutit,refrainfromaddingmore.Instead,putthelidonthebottle,washthedroppers,andlettheblendsettleforacoupleofhoursbeforetakinganotherwhiff.Unlessyouare

reallyunhappywiththeblendatthatpoint,don’ttinker;instead,takenotesaboutanydifferencesyoumaydetect.Givetheblendabouttwodaysbeforedoinganotherwhifftest.Again,refrain

frommakingadjustmentsand let thegreenworldwork itsmagic.Nowcomesthehardpartofwaitingatleastaweekormoretogivetheblendtimetomature.It takes time for the chemistry of the oils to change and develop, as somemoleculeswillbreakupandre-formnewoneswiththeotheroils.Youmaybesurprisedtofindthatsomethingyouthoughtneededatweakhasturnedintoanaromaticjewel.Takingnotesateachstepandaftereachwhifftest isimportant,sothatwhen

youfindtherightmixyoucanduplicateitaswellasincreasetheamount.Andonoccasion(theauthorspeaksfromexperience)youmaynotwanttorepeatit.Ithappensandthat’showwelearn,althoughunderstandingtheselectionmethodsincreases your chances of producing awinner. I also recommend labeling thebottlewiththedateandgivingitanamesuchasbanishingoilorlovepotionorsimply listing the ingredients. Of course, you can also be creative with thenames.Keep thebottle tightlyclosed, inacoolplaceaway from light.Whenstored

thisway,essentialoilscanremainpotentformanyyears.Also,besuretokeepthemoutofreachofchildren.Afteryouraromaticcreationhashadaweekorsotomature,itcanbeaddedto

acarrieroilandthenused.Besuretouseseparatedroppersforthecarrierandthe essential-oil blend. As noted in the list of equipment, you might want topurchase a dropper with a milliliter gauge to make measuring the carrier oileasier. These can be found in most pharmacies. Table 2.2 is a measurementconversion chart that includes ounces and teaspoons and it is intended forcomparativepurposes.

Table2.2MeasurementConversionChart

20–24drops=1ml=¼teaspoon

40–48drops=2ml=½teaspoon

100drops=5ml=1teaspoon=¹⁄₆oz200drops=10ml=2teaspoons=⅓oz

300drops=15ml=1tablespoon=½oz

600drops=30ml=2tablespoons=1ounce

Sinceweareblendingverysmallamountsformagicwork,itiseasiertothinkandmeasure inmillilitersforcarrieroilanddropsforessentialoil.Becauseofthepotentenergyofessentialoils—andmagic isallaboutenergy—onlysmallamounts are needed. Also, keep in mind that these measurements areapproximate, since drop sizes vary, especiallywith thicker oils. This iswhy Istresstheimportanceofkeepinggoodnotes.

Table2.3DilutionRatioGuide

CarrierOil 5ml 10ml 15ml 30ml Ratio

Essentialoil 1–2drops 2–3drops 3–5drops 6–10drops 1%

Essentialoil 2–3drops 4–7drops 6–10drops 12–20drops

Beginmixingyouressentialandcarrieroilsata2%dilutionbyputting10ml(milliliters)ofcarrieroilinacleanbottleandthenadding4dropsofyourblend.Takeanothercleanbottleandtrya3%dilutionwith10mlofcarrieroiland6drops of your blend. Take a whiff of each dilution and then take notes.Experiment with varying amounts and dilution ratios and keep in mind thespecificuseoftheoil,especiallyifitistobeusedonthebody.

Table2.4QuickGuideforDilutionRatiosin10mlofCarrierOil

Ratio .5% 1% 1.5% 2% 2.5% 3%

Essentialoil 1drop 2drops 3drops 4drops

5drops

6drops

Hydrosolscanalsobeblended together,butunlikeessentialoils theydonotrequireacarrieroil.Simplymixandtheyarereadytogo.Becausetheyarelessconcentrated than essential oils and less expensive, it’s common to work inlargerquantitiesmeasuringtheminmillilitersinsteadofdrops.Aswiththeoils,use separate droppers to avoid inadvertentmixing.Hydrosols arewater basedandmustbekept inairtightbottles topreventairbornecontamination just likeany typeofwater.Evenwhen stored in the fridge, if theydon’t lookor smellgoodandfresh,throwthemaway.Here’s an easy way to make your own flower water with a single oil or a

blend:Put100ml(about3½ounces)ofspringwaterinabottleandthenadd20to30dropsofessentialoil.Giveitafewdaysbeforeusing.Eventhoughtheessentialoilwon’tdissolve,itwillimpartfragrancetothewater.Onceyouhavecreatedseveralblends,youmightwanttostartarecipeboxjust

like thegoodold-fashionedones forkitchen recipes.Referback toyournotesandthenwriteoutacardforeachblend.Youcouldalsocreateblendchartsonyourcomputerandprintthemout.Includethenameofyourblendandperhapsthedateyoucreatedit,theamountofandtypeofcarrieroilyouused,andthenlisteachessentialoilandthenumberofdropsforeach.Overtimeyouwillfindthatthisnotonlysavesyoutime,butitwillalsobecomeasourceofinspirationwhenyouarethinkingofcreatinganotherblend.Beforemovingon,Iwant toexplainmynotations.Insomecases,morethan

oneoilisproducedfromaplant.Forexample,oilisextractedfromthebarkofcinnamontreesaswellasitsleaves.Whereitisimportanttomakeadistinction,I have noted “cinnamon (bark oil)” or “cinnamon (leaf oil).” Otherwise, thewordcinnamon on its own refers to both oils. The same is true for other oilswheremore than one species, such as chamomile, is represented in this book.When a specific one is referenced, it is noted as “chamomile (German)” or“chamomile (Roman).” Where a reference is made to both, just the wordchamomilewillappear.

SafetyGuidelines

Before startingour in-depth studyofblendingmethods, let’s talkabout safety.Essential oils, like plants, may be dangerous and harmful if used improperly.This is why it is important to store them out of reach of children. Pregnantwomen should take extra care, and read andheedwarning information.Avoidrubbing your eyes or handling your contact lenses if you have oil on yourfingers,assomeoilsmayirritateeyesanddamagecontacts.Ifyougetessentialoilinyoureye,flushitwithcoldmilktodilutetheoil.Aspreviouslymentioned,the fatty lipids inmilkact the sameascarrieroils.Sinceessentialoilsarenotwater-soluble,waterwould only spread the oil around.Also, avoid getting oilvaporsinyoureyes,asthatcanalsocauseirritation.Alsoaspreviouslymentioned,donotaddessentialoilsdirectlytobathwater

as they can irritate the skin.This can happen because essential oilswill float,undiluted, on top of the water. Essential oils should not be taken internallywithouttheadviceofaphysicianortrainedhealthcareprovider.AsIhavestressed,essentialoilsmustbedilutedbeforeuse.Thisisespecially

true for useon thebody,with lavender being theonly exception.Sandalwoodand ylang-ylang are considered very gentle and often used neat for perfume;however,itisimportanttodoapatchtestontheskinfirstandcheckanyotherwarninginformationbeforedoingso.Todoapatchtest,putacoupleofdropsofessentialoilonyourwristand thencover it looselywithanadhesivebandage.Afteracoupleofhours,removethebandageandcheckforanyrednessorsignsof irritation. If theseoccur, rinse theareawithcoldmilk.Youmay try the testagain at another time or on the other wrist with the essential oil diluted in acarrieroil. Ifyouhavesensitiveskin, it isadvisable todoapatch testwithalldiluted oils, especially for those listed in the safety guidelines section below.Hydrosols shouldnotbeused inplaceof flower-essence remedies,as theyarenotprocessedorpreparedforinternaluse.The following table lists the general warnings and safety issues of some

essentialoils.Whilethereareexceptionsandeachpersonmayreactdifferentlytovariousoils,itisbesttoerronthesideofcaution.Readmanufacturers’labels,and when in doubt, don’t use a particular oil. People with epilepsy or otherseizuredisordersandthosewithhighbloodpressureshouldconsulttheirdoctors

before using essential oils. You may also want to consult your pediatricianbeforeusingessentialoilsonchildren.

Table2.5SafetyGuidelines

Dermal/SkinIrritation—Theseoilsmaycauseirritationtotheskin,especiallyifusedinhighconcentrations

allspice,anise,basil,birch,cajeput,caraway,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clove,eucalyptus,ginger,juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,orange,parsley,pepper,peppermint,pine,tagetes,thyme,turmeric

Diabetes—Avoiduseofthisoil angelica

EpilepsyorSeizureDisorders—Theseoilsshouldbeavoided

basil,camphor,fennel,hyssop,lavender(spike),rosemary,sage(common)

Hazardous—Theseoilsshouldnotbeusedontheskin

cassia,cinnamon(barkoil),fennel(bitter),mugwort,oregano,sage(common),savory

HighBloodPressure—Avoidtheseoils

hyssop,peppermint,pine,rosemary,sage(common),thyme

Homeopathy—Theseoilsshouldnotbeusedwhenundergoinghomeopathictreatment

camphor,eucalyptus,pepper,peppermint

Table2.5SafetyGuidelines(continued)

Moderation—Usetheseoilsinmoderation

anise,basil,bay,camphor,cedarwood(Virginia),cinnamon(leaf),clove,coriander,eucalyptus,fennel(sweet),hops,hyssop,juniper,marjoram,nutmeg,parsley,pepper,peppermint,sage(common,Spanish),staranise,tagetes,tarragon,thyme,turmeric,valerian

OrallyToxic eucalyptus,mugwort,sage(common),tarragon

Photosensitivity—Theseoilsmaycausearashordarkpigmentationonskinexposedtosunlightwithinafewdaysafterapplication

angelica(rootoil),bergamot,cumin,ginger,lemon,lime,lovage,mandarin,orange(bitter)

Pregnancy—Thefollowingoilsshouldbeavoidedduring

angelica,anise,basil,bay,camphor,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,

pregnancy clove,cumin,fennel,hyssop,juniper,labdanum,lovage,marjoram,myrrh,nutmeg,oregano,parsley,peppermint,rose,rosemary,snakeroot,sage(Spanish),savory,staranise,tarragon,thyme,turmericAbortifacient:mugwort,sage(common)

Sensitization—Inadditiontothelistingfordermal/skinirritation,theseoilsmaycauseirritationforpeoplewithsensitiveskin

bay,benzoin,cananga,celery,fennel,geranium,ginger,hops,jasmine,lemonbalm,litsea,lovage,storax,teatree,thyme,turmeric,valerian,yarrow,ylang-ylang

SampleBlendThisisanexampleofblendingbybotanicalfamily.Membersofthecitrusfamilyworksowelltogetherthatit’shardtogowrongwiththem.

ProsperityandWell-BeingBlendSweetorange:12dropsGrapefruit:12dropsMandarin:11dropsBergamot:7dropsLemon:4drops

Iliketousethisblendasahouseblessing,andsinceIusuallyhaveaseasonalwreathonthefrontdoor,thatiswhereIplaceit.Allfiveoilsareassociatedwithwell-being and strength. Grapefruit, lemon, and orange are associated withabundance, andbergamot andmandarinwithprosperity. I also like to use thisblendindoorswithatealightdiffuser,especiallyduringthewinter,tofreshenthehouse and get energy moving. Bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, and orange areassociatedwithenergyandmandarinwithhappiness.Nowthatyouknowhowtomixoilsandhavehadasneakpeekatabotanical

familyblend,let’smoveonandexplorethismethodfirst.

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12.Raven,Evert,andEichhorn,TheBiologyofPlants,29.13.Martin,AromatherapyforMassagePractitioners,13.

CHAPTER3

BlendingbyBotanicalFamilyNowthatyouknowthebasicsofmixing,let’sbeginourexplorationintohowtochooseoilsthatgotogether.Mostbooks,includingthisone,providelistsofintentionsandpowersalongwiththeircorrespondingessentialoils.However,justbecauseoilsarelistedtogetherdoesnotmeanthattheywillnecessarilymixandsmell

goodtogether.Thisiswhereunderstandingthefundamental

methodsofselectionandblendingcanbeenormouslyhelpfultoavoid

hit-or-missexperimentation.

Similarity and compatibility in chemical makeup accounts for oils blendingwell. As mentioned in the previous chapter, the maturing process of a blendinvolvesthebreakingupofsomemoleculesandre-formingofnewones.When

thisworksinharmony,it’scalledasynergy.However,chemicalcompoundscanalsoinhibiteachother,whichiswhysomebasicknowledgecangoalongway.Blendingaccordingtobotanicalfamilyisanapproachusedinfoodpreparation

for combining herbs or spices that create well-rounded flavors. A simpleexampleofthisisthecombinationofthepopularpizzaherbsbasil,oregano,andthyme,whichareallfromtheLamiaceae(mint)family.Thisapproachworksforfragrances,too,anditisthefirstonewewillexplore.

BotanicalFamiliesandNamesBotanicalfamiliesarebasedonthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofaplant’sdevelopmentandstructure.Originallyplantswereclassifiedintosimpleintuitivecategories.

Later,classificationswerebasedonscientificstudy,butforseveralcenturiesplantswerenamedby

differentbotanistswithoutalogicalstandard.ThatbegantochangewhenSwedishnaturalistCarlLinnaeus,alsoknownasCarlvonLinné(1707–1778),developedasystemthatbecamethe

foundationfortheInternationalCodeofBotanicalNomenclature.Overtime,asnewknowledgeaboutplantsemerged,theirnameswerechangedto

reflectthenewdata.Thisisonereasonwhywefindsynonymsinbotanicalnames,astheantiquatedoneswerekepttoaidinidentification.Another

reasonisscientificdisagreement.Inadditiontochangesduetoupdatedinformation,thelogicalrulesfornaming

plants is periodically revised. For example, the ending “aceae” was added tofamilynames,witha fewexceptions, todistinguish themfromorders, classes,andotherlevelswithinthenamingstructure.Andifyou’vewonderedwhythese

names are inLatin, it’s because duringLinnaeus’s time,Latinwas a commonlanguagethatpeopledoingthisworkcouldshare.

Table3.1TheBasicHierarchyofPlants

Kingdom

Phylum/Division

Family

Species

While Table 3.1 illustrates the basic seven-level hierarchy of plantclassification, the fullmodern taxonomy has at least 16 levels, which includesuperdivisions and superorders, subclasses and subfamilies, and more. Forsimplicity,wewill dealmostlywith family, genus, and species for identifyingoils.Itisimportanttoknowaplant’sscientificnamebecauseoftheconfusion,overlap,andregionaluseofcommonnames.Ofcourse,theLatinnamescanbeconfusing, too, but if we break down the information, we can demystify andunderstandthem.Thetwo-wordplantnamesthatwefindatgardencentersandinbooksarethe

genus and species of the plant. As you can see from Table 3.1, these areclassificationswithinbotanicalfamilies.Thefirstofthetwowordsisthegenusname,which isapropernounandalwayscapitalized.ThegenusforyarrowisAchillea inhonorof theGreekheroAchilles.The secondword is the species,and it is an adjective that provides a little description about the plant. Forexample, in a type of yarrow, Achillea millefolium, the word millefoliumindicates a leaf of many parts (mille meaning thousands and folium foliage).Also,an“x”inanameindicatesthattheplantisahybrid—asin,forexample,Achilleaxtaygetea.Occasionally you may see a third word in a name preceded with “var,”

indicating that it isavarietyof thatspecies.Forexample,AchilleamillefoliumvarpacificaisavarietythatgrowsonthenorthwesterncoastofNorthAmerica.Sometimesavarietyiscalledasubspecies;however,thistermisoftenregardedasagrayarea. Inaddition,youmayseea thirdwordwritten in singlequotes,suchasAchilleamillefolium“RedBeauty,”which indicates that it isacultivarcreatedinthegardenandnotfoundinthewild.Themoremoderncultivarnamesarewritten inEnglish insteadofLatin.Followingthe two-or three-wordname,youmayalsoseealetterorsometimesaperson’slastname,whichidentifiestheindividual who named the plant. For example, an L following a plant namemeansthattheplantnamewasbestowedbyLinneaushimself.

As previously mentioned, folk names for plants can often generate a lot ofconfusion.Forthisreason,itisimportanttochecktheLatin(genusandspecies)nameswhenpurchasingessentialoils.Thiswayyouwillbesureofgettingtherightoilandworkingwith thecorrectbotanical family. Inaddition, it’sagoodidea to label your bottles of essential oilswith their respective family names.Overtime,asyouaccumulatemoreoils,thiswillmakeiteasierwhenyougatherthemforblending.Asthenameimplieswiththebotanicalfamilymethod,chooseallofyouroils

tomakeablendfromonefamily.Table3.2isalistingbybotanicalfamilyoftheessentialoilscoveredinthisbook.Althoughwearegoingtoexploreonlyafewofthesefamilies, thislistingprovidesanoverviewofhowsomeoftheoilsarerelated toeachother.Although I stress theneed tocheckandbecomefamiliarwithbotanicalnames, especiallywhenpurchasingoils, Ihaveused theplants’mostwidelyusedcommonnamesinthelistsandtablesthroughoutthisbooktomakeiteasiertouse.TheoilsarelistedbythesecommonnamesintheprofilesofSectionTwo,whereyouwillalsofindtheirbotanicalnames.

Table3.2EssentialOilsbyBotanicalFamily

Annonaceae cananga,ylang-ylang

Apieceae angelica,anise,caraway,carrot,celery,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel(bitter&sweet),galbanum,lovage,parsley

Aristolochiaceae

snakeroot

Asteraceae chamomile(German&Roman),helichrysum,mugwort,tagetes,tarragon,yarrow

Betulaceae

Burseraceae elemi,frankincense,myrrh,opopanax

Cistaceae

labdanum

Cupressaceae cedarwood(Virginia),cypress,juniper

Geraniaceae

geranium

Hamamelidaceae

storax

Lamiaceae basil,catnip,clarysage,hyssop,lavandin,lavender(spike&true),lemonbalm,marjoram,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,rosemary,sage(common&Spanish),savory(summer&winter),spearmint

Table3.2EssentialOilsbyBotanicalFamily(continued)

Lauraceae bay,camphor,cassia,cinnamon,litsea

Magnoliaceae

staranise

Moraceae

Myrtaceae allspice,cajeput,clove,eucalyptus(bluegum&lemon),myrtle,niaouli,teatree

Myristicaceae

nutmeg

Oleaceae

jasmine

Pinaceae cedarwood(Atlas),fir(balsam&silver),pine,spruce

Piperaceae

pepper

Poaceae citronella,lemongrass(EastIndian&WestIndian),palmarosa,vetiver

Rosaceae rose(Damask&Maroc)

Rutaceae amyris,bergamot,grapefruit,lemon,lime,mandarin,neroli,orange(bitter&sweet),petitgrain

Santalaceae

sandalwood

Styracaceae

benzoin

Usneaceae

oakmoss

Valeriananceae spikenard,valerian

Zingiberaceae cardamom,galangal,ginger,turmeric

GettingStartedwithBotanicalFamilyBlendingWearegoingtoexplorethebotanicalfamiliesthat

containenoughmemberstocreatevariousblends.ThesearetheApiaceae,Asteraceae,Lamiaceae,Myrtaceae,andRutaceaefamilies.Inaddition,wewillmoveupthebotanicalhierarchytotheorder

PinalesandlookatacombinationoftheCupressaceaeandPinaceaefamilies.

Whenworkingwithsmallergroupsofoils,asweareinthischapter,itisoftennotpossibletoselectingredientsthatallhaveadirectassociationwithasingleintention. However, you will find that it is not always necessary. Using theApiaceae(parsley)familyasanexample,let’ssayyouwanttocreateablendtoaid in dreamwork. You might choose caraway and anise oils, which areassociated with dreamwork, and then add coriander, which is associated withstimulation.Inthissituation,corianderwillstimulateyourdreamwork,addingaboost to yourmain intention. If you are using dreamwork for divination, youcouldusethesesamethreeoils,ascorianderandanisearealsoassociatedwithdivination.Using this approach is especially helpfulwhenworkingwith theMyrtaceae

(myrtle) family, in which many of the intentions and powers only have oneassociated oil. For example, if you areworking toward a new job, youmightconsiderblending theseoils: tea tree forconfidence,niaouli fordetermination,andcloveforsuccess.Usingindirectassociationsisalsoinstrumentalwithothercorrespondencessuchasthezodiacifyouwanttocreateasabbatblend.Atfirstthisapproachmayseemlessfocused,butitcanactuallyboostyourpurposebyincorporating different vibrational energies related to the primary intention. Inthe long run, it is your energy and intention that focuses your power andpurpose.Also,workingthiswaycanhelpuslearnhowtostrengthenourmagicalpractices.

Inadditiontolearningabouttheparticularphysicaldistinctionsofeachfamily,thefollowingsectionsprovidedetailsonwhichmemberswithinafamilyblendparticularlywelltogether.Thisisprovidedtohelpyougetstartedwithselectingoilsbutshouldnotinhibityoufromothercombinations.Once you have made your decision and purchased the oils, set up your

workspaceandfollow thesteps formixingandassessingblendsasoutlined inchapter 2.Aswith all themethods that follow in this book, it is the selectionprocess that varies. The actual blending and assessing procedures remain thesame.

TheApieceaeFamilyBeforeplantnameswerestandardized,thisfamilywasknownasUmbelliferaeandinformallyastheparsleyorcarrotfamily.Asyou

cansee,manyfamiliarvegetables,herbs,andspicesaremembersofthisfamily.Thephysicalcommonalityofplantsinthisfamilyarethecanal-likespaceswhereessentialoilisstored.Themostimportantpowersthattheseplantssharearecyclesandrenewal.Oftheoilscoveredinthisbook,the

plantsinthisfamilyincludeangelica,anise,caraway,carrot,celery,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel,galbanum,lovage,andparsley.Whiletheseoilsblendnicelywitheachother,therearesomethatworkparticularlywelltogether:angelica:corianderanise:caraway,coriander,dill,fennelcaraway:anise,carrot,coriander,dillcarrot:caraway,coriander,cumincelery:coriander,lovage

coriander:angelica,anise,caraway,carrot,celery,dill,parsleycumin:carrot,dill,galbanum,parsleydill:anise,caraway,coriander,cuminfennel:anise,parsleygalbanum:cumin,lovagelovage:celery,

galbanumparsley:coriander,cumin,fennel

TheAsteraceaeFamilyInthepastthisbotanicalfamilywascalledCompositae,andinformallyitisknownastheasterorsunflowerfamily.Thisisthesecond-largestfamilyoffloweringplants,with

membersdispersedallovertheworldandinwidelydiverseregions.MembersoftheAsteraceaefamilyarecharacterizedbyasterordaisy-likeflowerheadsthatarecomprisedofmanytinyflorets,givingtheappearanceofasingleflower.Thisgivesthese

plantsthepowerofattraction.Thefamilymembersincludedinthisbookarethechamomiles,

helichrysum,mugwort,tagetes,tarragon,andyarrow.Whiletheseoilsblendnicelywitheach

other,chamomiletendstoblendexceptionallywellwithalloftheothers.

chamomile (German): mugwort, tagetes, tarragon chamomile (Roman):helichrysum, mugwort, tarragon, yarrow helichrysum: chamomile (Roman)mugwort: chamomile tagetes: chamomile (German) tarragon: chamomileyarrow:chamomile(Roman)TheLamiaceaeFamilyThiswasoncecalled theLabiataefamilyandisinformallyknownasthemintornettlefamily.Lamiaceaehas the highest number of aromatic plants. Their distinguishing physicalcharacteristics include squarish, four-sided stems, and irregular-shaped, two-lippedflowers.Theseplantslovewarmplacesandallhavesomeknownhealingapplication.Theimportantpowersattributedtothisfamilyaretheabilitytodealwithchangeandtoincreasevitality.Oftheoilscoveredinthisbook,theplantsinthisfamilyincludebasil,catnip,

clary sage, hyssop, lavandin, lavender, lemon balm, marjoram, peppermint,spearmint,oregano,patchouli,rosemary,sage,savory,andthyme.Whiletheoilsin this family blend nicely with each other, there are some that go together

particularly well: basil: hyssop, spearmint catnip: peppermint clary sage:hyssop,patchouli,sagehyssop:basil,clarysage,lavender(true)lavandin:sage(common), savory (summer), spearmint lavender (true): hyssop, lemon balm,peppermint, sage (Spanish) lavender(spike): oregano, patchouli lemon balm:lavender(true),savory(winter),thymemarjoram:peppermint,thymeoregano:lavender(spike),rosemarypatchouli:clarysage,lavender(spike)peppermint:catnip, lavender (true),marjoram rosemary: oregano, savory sage (common):clary sage, lavandin sage (Spanish): clary sage, lavender (true) savory(summer): lavandin, rosemary savory (winter): lemon balm, rosemaryspearmint: basil, lavandin thyme: lemon balm, marjoram The MyrtaceaeFamilyCommonly known as the myrtle family,Myrtaceae does not have anolderscientificname.Membersofthisfamilygrowinthetropicalzonesofeverycontinent. Although these plants are diverse, their common physicalcharacteristics include hard wood and thick, evergreen leaves dotted with oilglands.Inaddition,theseplantsproducesugaryfruitand/orpungentspices.TheMyrtaceaefamilyiscomprisedofstrongplantsthathavelearnedtosurviveandflourishunderchallengingconditions.Asaresult, theirmost importantpowersincludedeterminationandstrength.Of the oils covered in this book, the plants in this family include allspice,

cajeput, clove, eucalyptus,myrtle,niaouli, and tea tree.While theseoilsblendnicely with each other, there are some that go together particularly well:allspice:clovecajeput:eucalyptus (bluegum),niaouliclove: allspice,myrtle,tea tree eucalyptus (blue gum): cajeput, niaouli eucalyptus (lemon): niaoulimyrtle: clove, niaouliniaouli: cajeput, eucalyptus, myrtle, tea tree tea tree:clove,niaouliTheRutaceaeFamilyRutaceaeiscommonlyknownastherueororange/citrusfamily.Theplantsinthisfamilygrowinmildtropicalregionsandhavecompoundleaveswithoilcellreservoirsthatappearasdotsincertainlight.Adistinguishingcharacteristicistheirwhiteflowersthatgrowinasymmetricalstarshape.Theseplantsproducedelicious,succulent fruit.Themost importantpowersofthisbotanicalfamilyareconfidence,strength,andwell-being.Of the oils covered in this book, the plants in this family include amyris,

bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, lime, mandarin, neroli, orange, and petitgrain.While these oils blendnicelywith eachother, there are some that go together

particularly well: amyris: petitgrain bergamot: grapefruit, neroli, petitgraingrapefruit:bergamot,lemon,limelemon:grapefruit,lime,nerolilime: lemon,grapefruit, orange (sweet)mandarin: neroli, orangeneroli: bergamot, lemon,mandarin, orange (sweet) orange (bitter): mandarin orange (sweet): lime,mandarin,nerolipetitgrain:amyris,bergamotThePinalesOrderGoingupthehierarchy of botanical nomenclature, we can use the order Pinales, whichcontains the Cupressaceae (cypress) and Pinaceae (pine) families, for abotanical blendinggroup.Thephysical distinction formembers of thePinalesorder is that they are conifers, or cone-bearing plants. The most importantpowersofthesewoodytreesandshrubsaregrowth,healing,protection,andtheabilitytoconnectwithspirits,especiallywoodlandspirits.Of the oils covered in this book, the plants in this group from the

Cupressaceae familyare cedarwood (Virginia), cypress, and juniper; and fromthe Pinaceae family: cedarwood (Atlas), fir, pine, and spruce. Although youcan’tgowrongwithalmostanycombinationoftheseoils,someareparticularlygood together: cedarwood (Atlas): cypress, fir (balsam), juniper, sprucecedarwood(Virginia):cypress, junipercypress:cedarwood,pine fir (balsam):cedarwood(Atlas), juniper,pine fir (silver): juniper,pine juniper: cedarwood,fir, pine pine: cypress, fir, juniper, spruce spruce: cedarwood (Atlas), pineWhilethischapterdetailedafewbotanicalfamilies,youmayconsiderexploringa smaller one on your own if you are drawn to particular group of oils. Thismethodisagoodwayto learnabout the individualoilsaswellas theirfamilycharacteristics.

Sample Blend This recipe comes from the Lamiaceae family andcontainslavender,marjoram,androsemary.Theseareallassociatedwithpsychicabilitiesandfocusingthemindaswellasbalance,whichishelpfulwhenengaging in thiswork. Ihavealso found that this isgoodforclearingawaynegativityingeneral.

Psychic Purification Blend Lavender (true): 4 drops Rosemary: 3 dropsMarjoram: 3 drops As you expand your collection of oils, you may find itrewarding to come back to thismethod, especially ifmembers of a particularfamilyappealtoyou.Nowwe’rereadytomoveontothemorecomplexmethod

ofblendingbyscentgroups,whichwillincludealloftheoilsrepresentedinthisbook.

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CHAPTER4

BlendingbyScentGroupJustasessentialoilsfromthesame

botanicalfamilyblendwelltogether,theyalsomixnicelywithinscentgroups.Alsocalledfragrance

groupsandfragrancefamilies,thereareanumberofwaysthatscentshavebeenclassifiedintogroups—somemorecomplexthanothers.Let’stakealookatafewofthem.

FragranceClassificationsAs previously mentioned, Carl Linnaeus revolutionized and standardized theclassification of plants according to physical structure and development. Hedidn’t stop there and went on to categorize their odors as well. His focus,however, was on their medicinal value, as he placed them into the sevencategories of foul, fragrant, garlicky, goaty, musky, nauseating, and spicy.14

ThesenamesarenotwhatIwouldcallinspirationalforblendingscents.GermanpsychologistHansHenning(1885–1946)calledhissystemofclassification thesmellprism,whichwasbasedonwhathebelievedwerethesixprincipalodors.In 1927 the American psychologists Ernest Crocker and Lloyd Hendersonrelatedtheirodorsquaretofourkindsofolfactorynerves.Coming from a totally different viewpoint and purpose, Eugene Rimmel

(1820–1887), an eminent perfumer of London and Paris, laid out his 18classifications of scents in The Book of Perfumes. Although some of hiscategoriesseemratherspecificandlimited,theyactuallycontainmorethanthenamedscent.Forexample, thecategoryhecallsvioletalsoincludescassieandorris root.Today, the perfumery categories canvarywidely and sometimes anexplanation is necessary. For example, the category called green generallyincludesherbs,mints,andpine;oriental includesheadyspicesaswellassomeresinousscents;chypre(Frenchforcypress)includeswoodsy/mossyscents;andfougere (French for fern) includes lighter herb/fern scents. More recentperfumery categories are entitled fruity,gourmand (an edible food smell), andaquatic,oroceanic,whichaccommodatessyntheticfragrances.15

Inaddition to thesquareandprismshapesapplied tocategories, thecircle isinterpreted as a fragrance wheel. Developed by perfume aficionado MichaelEdwardsintheearly1980s,thewheelplacesfougereatthecenterandarrangesthefourcategoriesoffloral,fresh,oriental,andwoodyaroundtheoutside.Thesefourcategoriesarefurtherdividedintothreeorfoursubgroups.Asyoumayhaveguessedbynow,scentscanberathersubjective,andthereis

no universal, definitive classification system for them. However, through mystudies I have found a method for categorizing scents that offers a simple,straightforwardblendingguide.Thisisthesetofsixscentgroupsrecommended

byaromatherapist,author,andlecturerJuliaLawless.16 Illustratedinfigure4.1,the groups consist of woody (woodsy, earthy), herbaceous, citrus, floral,resinous, and spicy. In a number of cases, these groups actually describesomething about the plants or plant parts within the categories. LikeMichaelEdwards’s groups, these work well as a wheel, which helps to show theirinterrelationships.Ialsolikethisapproach,becausewhatPagandoesn’tlikethesymbolismofworkingwithacircle?Inaddition,displayingthescentgroupsasacirclebringsout thedynamicnatureof thisblendingmethod.AnotherreasonIlikethesecategoriesisthattheyhonorandstaytruetothenaturalworldmoresothanotherclassifications.

ThreeWaystoBlendbyScentGroupTherearethreewaystousethescentgroups.Thefirstissingle-groupblending,which works because the members within each group tend to have similarchemical compositions and go well with each other. As a result, most of thefloralsblendwell togetherasdothespices,citrus,andothergroupings.Asthename implies, select all of youroils fromonegroup.Whenblendingby scentgroup,threeoilsusuallyworkbest,sinceincorporatingmoretendstogettrickyandcanbogthingsdown.

Figure4.1Thescentgroupcircle

Aswithblendingbybotanical family,workingwith thesmallerscentgroupsmay require us to bemore creative in howwe express our intentions.On theother hand, scent groups can also provide extra focus for certain powers. Forexample, the citrusgroup is especially supportiveofpsychicwork,divination,andcommunicatingwiththespiritrealm.Thefloralgroupisespeciallyhelpfulforcreativity,theemotions,love,andspirituality.Ifyoufindthatascentgroupislimitedforexpressingyourintentions,youmightstillfinditusefulforblendingaritualperfumeorcreatingadeityoffering.

Table4.1EssentialOilsandTheirScentGroups

Woody amyris,birch,cajeput,cedarwood,cypress,eucalyptus(bluegum),fir,juniper,oakmoss,patchouli,pine,sandalwood,spikenard,spruce,valerian,vetiver

Table4.1EssentialOilsandTheirScentGroups(continued)

Herbaceous angelica,basil,carrot,catnip,citronella,clarysage,helichrysum,hyssop,labdanum,lavender(spike),marjoram,mugwort,niaouli,oregano,parsley,peppermint,rosemary,sage,savory,spearmint,tagetes,teatree,thyme,yarrow

Citrus bergamot,eucalyptus(lemon),grapefruit,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,lime,litsea,mandarin,orange

Floral cananga,chamomile,geranium,jasmine,lavender(true),lavandin,neroli,palmarosa,rose,ylang-ylang

Resinous camphor,frankincense,galbanum,myrrh,opopanax,storax

Spicy allspice,anise,bay,benzoin,caraway,cardamom,celery,cassia,cinnamon,clove,coriander,cumin,dill,elemi,fennel,galangal,ginger,hops,lovage,myrtle,nutmeg,pepper,petitgrain,snakeroot,staranise,tarragon,turmeric

Onceyouhaveselectedandpurchasedyouroils,followthestepsaslaidoutinchapter2 tocreateyouraromatic treasure.Thiswillbe thesameforallof theblendingmethods,astheactualstepsformixingandassessingremainthesame.It is theplanning and selectingof oils that differs.Aswithbotanical families,whenyoupurchaseanewoilyoumaywanttolabelitwiththenameofitsscentgroup as well. This makes it easier when you are planning new blends orgatheringyouroilsformixing.ThesecondwayofusingscentgroupsiswhatIcallgood-neighborblending.

Asthisnameimplies,eachgroupmixeswellwithmembersfromitsneighboringgroups.Thewoodyoilsgowith the spicyandherbaceousoils, the citruswithherbaceousandfloraloils.Allaroundthecircle,eachgroupblendswellwithitsneighboroneitherside.

Figure4.2Good-neighborblendingbyscentgroups.

Whenblendingthisway,selectyourthreeoilsfromtwogroupsatatime.Forexample,woodyandspicyorwoodyandherbaceous.Thatsaid,rememberthesemethodsaresimpleguidelines.Onceyouarefamiliarwithyouroilsandyoufeelthatcombiningspicy,woody,andherbaceousscentswouldcreateagoodblend,goforit.Thethirdwayofusingscentgroupsistoselectanoilfromanoppositegroup.

Asyoucanseeinfigure4.3,thesearenotquitestraightforward.Thewoodyandfloralgroupsandthespicyandcitrusgroupsaredirectlyoppositeinthecircle,andthesecombinationsworknicely.However,althoughherbaceousandresinousareoppositesandsomeoftheirmembersgowelltogether,thispairingofgroupsdoesnotalwaysworkaswellastheothers.Eventhoughtheyarenotopposites,thepairingof thespicyandfloral tends toworkwell.Usingoneofyour three

oils from an opposite group adds interest to a blend and opens the door for awidevarietyofpossibilities.

Figure4.3Opposite-groupblending

Thefollowingtablesprovideinformationonwhichoilsareknownforworkingparticularlywell together.Thesedetailsareoffered tohelpyougetstartedandnottolimitselection.Gapsinthetableswheremyexperienceandresearchdidnot find a match does not mean that a combination does not work. Let yourintuitionandimaginationguideyou.

Table4.2TheWoodyScentGroup

WoodyScent

WithintheWoodyGroup

NeighboringGroupsSpicyHerbaceous Opposite-GroupFloral

amyris cedarwood,

oakmoss coriander,

ginger

citronella lavandin,palmarosa

birch juniper,pine benzoin,

rosemary jasmine,ylang-ylang

cajeput

cedarwood

clove labdanum,

niaouli geranium,lavender(true)

cedarwood(Atlas) amyris,cypress,vetiver

cardamom,

ginger clarysage,rosemary,yarrow jasmine,lavender(true),palmarosa

cedarwood(Virginia) amyris,patchouli benzoin,

ginger carrot,

citronella lavender(true),palmarosa

cypress juniper,pine benzoin,cardamom clarysage,marjoram lavandin,palmarosa

Table4.2TheWoodyScentGroup(continued)

WoodyScent

WithintheWoodyGroup

eucalyptus(bluegum)

cajeput,cedarwood,pine

anise sage(Spanish),mugwort,thyme

lavender(true)

fir(balsam)

cedarwood,cypress,juniper

benzoin,tarragon

lavender(spike)

lavender(true)

fir(silver) cedarwood,pine

tarragon labdanum,marjoram lavender(true)

juniper cypress,vetiver benzoin,elemi clarysage,rosemary geranium,lavender(true)

oakmoss

vetiver anise,bay,

ginger clarysage,

teatree palmarosa,ylang-ylang

patchouli cedarwood,sandalwood

clove,snakeroot

angelica,labdanum

geranium,lavender(true),rose

Table4.2TheWoodyScentGroup(continued)

WoodyScent

WithintheWoodyGroup

pine cajeput,juniper celery,hops sage,savory lavandin,lavender(true)

sandalwood patchouli,vetiver

clove,pepper

clarysage,labdanum

jasmine,lavender,palmarosa

spikenard oakmoss,patchouli,pine

clove,dill

labdanum,lavender(spike)

geranium,rose

spruce cedarwood,pine

benzoin lavender(spike),rosemary lavandin,lavender(true)

valerian patchouli,pine

petitgrain rosemary,yarrow lavender(true)

vetiver patchouli,sandalwood

ginger angelica(seed),yarrow jasmine,rose,ylang-ylang

Table4.3TheHerbaceousScentGroup

HerbaceousScent

WithintheHerbaceousGroup

NeighboringGroupsWoodyCitrus

angelica(root)

clarysage

patchouli lemon,orange

angelica(seed)

clarysage oakmoss,patchouli,vetiver lemon,orange

basil citronella,hyssop,spearmint juniper,

oakmoss bergamot,lime

carrot lavender(spike) cedarwood,cypress bergamot,grapefruit

catnip peppermint,

rosemary eucalyptus(bluegum)

eucalyptus(lemon),lemon,lime

citronella basil,peppermint,sage(common)

cedarwood,pine bergamot,lemon

clarysage

yarrow juniper,pine bergamot,lemon

helichrysum lavender(spike),teatree oakmoss,

vetiver bergamot,lemongrass,litsea

hyssop rosemary,sage(common)

lemonbalm

Table4.3TheHerbaceousScentGroup(continued)

HerbaceousScent

labdanum

clarysage patchouli,vetiver

bergamot

lavender(spike) rosemary,sage cedarwood,oakmoss

lemonbalm

marjoram rosemary,teatree cedarwood,cypress

bergamot

mugwort rosemary,sage amyris,patchouli,pine

niaouli basil,teatree cajeput,eucalyptus(bluegum)

oregano citronella,rosemary cedarwood,pine

bergamot

parsley clarysage,teatree

oakmoss

peppermint catnip,marjoram eucalyptus(bluegum)

Table4.3TheHerbaceousScentGroup(continued)

HerbaceousScent

rosemary oregano,thyme

pine lime,litsea

sage(common) clarysage,hyssop

sage(Spanish)

clarysage cedarwood,juniper savory(summer)

rosemary oakmoss,pine

lemonbalm

savory(winter)

rosemary

pine lemongrass,litsea

spearmint

basil eucalyptus(bluegum)

eucalyptus(lemon),mandarin

tagetes

clarysage

sandalwood bergamot,orange(sweet)

teatree marjoram,niaouli juniper,pine

lemongrass

thyme marjoram,rosemary cedarwood,fir(balsam),pine

bergamot,grapefruit,lemon

yarrow clarysage,hyssop valerian,vetiver

Table4.4TheCitrusScentGroup

CitrusScent

WithintheCitrusGroup

NeighboringGroupsHerbaceousFloral Opposite-GroupSpicy

bergamot lemongrass,litsea basil,tagetes,thyme

cananga,lavandin,rose

dill,myrtle,pepper

eucalyptus(lemon)

grapefruit,mandarin

niaouli,spearmint geranium,palmarosa

dill,elemi

grapefruit bergamot,lemon

rosemary lavender(true),neroli,palmarosa anise,bay,galangal

lemon lemongrass,lime catnip,sage(common)

lavender(true),rose benzoin,elemi,fennel

lemonbalm lime,mandarin clarysage,savory rose(Damask),ylang-ylang dill,hops

Table4.4TheCitrusScentGroup

CitrusScent

WithintheCitrusGroup

NeighboringGroupsHerbaceousFloral Opposite-GroupSpicy

lemongrass bergamot,orange angelica,savory,tagetes

geranium,lavender(true)

coriander,dill

lime lemongrass,orange basil,niaouli jasmine,lavandin myrtle,nutmeg

litsea bergamot,

lemonbalm basil,rosemary lavender(true),ylang-ylang cardamom,ginger,petitgrain

mandarin lemon,orange sage(common) jasmine,rose cinnamon,clove

orange(bitter)

lemon anise,clove,

staranise

orange(sweet)

lemon,lime

labdanum,tagetes

lavender(true),neroli

cinnamon,clove,dill,nutmeg

Table4.5TheFloralScentGroup

FloralScent

WithintheFloralGroup

NeighboringGroupsResinousCitrus Opposite-GroupSpicy

cananga jasmine,lavandin,neroli,rose bergamot,

lemonbalm cardamom,pepper

chamomile(German) geranium,jasmine,neroli

camphor bergamot,lemon benzoin,cumin

chamomile(Roman) jasmine,lavender(true)

camphor,

frankincense

bergamot cumin,tarragon

geranium lavender(true),neroli galbanum,myrrh grapefruit,lemongrass clove,pepper

jasmine chamomile,rose

storax litsea,mandarin benzoin,petitgrain

lavandin geranium,ylang-ylang

storax bergamot,lime bay,cinnamon

Table4.5TheFloralScentGroup

FloralScent

WithintheFloralGroup

NeighboringGroupsResinousCitrus

Opposite-GroupSpicy

lavender(true)

chamomile,neroli,palmarosa,rose

galbanum,myrrh

bergamot,lemon,lime,orange

allspice,staranise,tarragon

neroli jasmine,rose

opopanax lemon,orange coriander,ginger

palmarosa cananga,geranium

storax eucalyptus(lemon),grapefruit cardamom,clove,pepper

rose(Damask) jasmine,lavender(true)

frankincense bergamot,lemonbalm

benzoin,clove,ginger

rose(Maroc) chamomile,ylang-ylang

storax bergamot,lemon benzoin,clove,ginger

ylang-ylang chamomile(German),jasmine

storax lemonbalm,litsea clove,pepper

Table4.6TheResinousScentGroup

ResinousScent

WithintheResinousGroup

NeighboringGroupsFloralSpicy

camphor

frankincense chamomile,lavender(true)

bay,caraway,

ginger

frankincense myrrh,opopanax lavender(true),neroli bay,pepper

galbanum frankincense,storax geranium,lavender(true)

cumin,tarragon

frankincense geranium,lavender(true)

benzoin,elemi

opopanax frankincense,myrrh

neroli coriander,lovage

storax

galbanum jasmine,palmarosa,rose

Table4.7TheSpicyScentGroup

SpicyScent

WithintheSpicyGroup

NeighboringGroupsResinousWoody Opposite-GroupCitrus

allspice clove(bud),coriander,ginger

opopanax

patchouli

orange

anise coriander,cumin

oakmoss mandarin,orange

bay cardamom,hops

frankincense cypress,juniper,pine lemon,orange(sweet)

benzoin cassia,petitgrain frankincense,myrrh birch,spruce

caraway cinnamon,ginger

frankincense orange(sweet)

cardamom fennel,pepper

frankincense cedarwood,patchouli bergamot,mandarin

Table4.7TheSpicyScentGroup(continued)

SpicyScent

WithintheSpicyGroup

cassia clove,coriander,ginger

frankincense

grapefruit

celery coriander,lovage oakmoss,pine

cinnamon(bark) benzoin,coriander,elemi

frankincense fir(balsam),spruce mandarin,orange(sweet)

cinnamon(leaf) caraway,clove,coriander

frankincense cedarwood(Atlas),spruce

lemon,orange(sweet)

clove(bud) allspice,bay,nutmeg cajeput,patchouli bergamot,mandarin

clove(leaf) cinnamon(bark),nutmeg

cajeput,sandalwood

grapefruit,orange(sweet)

coriander ginger,petitgrain frankincense,opopanax cypress,pine

bergamot

SpicyScent

WithintheSpicyGroup

cardamom

galbanum

dill caraway,elemi,nutmeg

spikenard lemongrass,orange

nutmeg frankincense,myrrh

juniper lemon,lime,mandarin

fennel(bitter)

pepper

frankincense

fennel(sweet)

cardamom

sandalwood

galangal allspice,myrtle

opopanax patchouli,pine lemon,lime,litsea

ginger

coriander

frankincense sandalwood,vetiver lemon,lime,orange

hops bay,myrtle,

nutmeg

pine lemonbalm,litsea

lovage

bay galbanum,opopanax

oakmoss

SpicyScent

WithintheSpicyGroup

myrtle bay,clove,

ginger fir(balsam) bergamot,lime

nutmeg petitgrain,turmeric

oakmoss lime,mandarin

pepper

coriander

frankincense fir(balsam),juniper grapefruit,lime

petitgrain benzoin,clove

frankincense

valerian bergamot,litsea

snakeroot

coriander oakmoss,patchouli,pine

bergamot

staranise

coriander cedarwood,pine

orange

tarragon

ginger

galbanum fir,juniper,oakmoss,pine

turmeric clove,ginger

labdanum

Sample Blend Using the opposite-group blending method, here’s adown-to-earth yet ethereal combination that I like to use fordreamwork. It containscedarwood, jasmine,andylang-ylang,whicharemembersof thewoodyandfloralscentgroups.All threeoilsareassociated with dreamwork and peace. In addition, cedarwood andjasmine are associated with spirits, and ylang-ylang withcommunicatingwiththem.

Galadriel’sDreamCedarwood:5dropsYlang-ylang:4dropsJasmine:1drop

OnesystemforclassifyingscentsthatIdidnotincludeatthebeginningofthischapterwasdevisedbyG.W.SeptimusPiesseandexplainedinhisbookTheArtof Perfumery (1855). In it he equated fragranceswithmusical octaves,whichmay seem rather curious but is popular for blending essential oils. We willexplorethismethodinthenextchapter.

[contents]

14.Gilbert,WhattheNoseKnows,18.15.Groom,TheNewPerfumeHandbook,262.16.Lawless,IllustratedEncyclopediaofEssentialOils,44.

CHAPTER5

BlendingbyPerfumeNoteScentsandMusicalNotes

As mentioned at the end of the last chapter, British analytical chemist andperfumerG.W.SeptimusPiesse (1820–1882)devised amethod for classifyingscents according to musical scales. As he explained in his book The Art ofPerfumery,thismethodwasbasedonhisbeliefthatsoundandsmellformalinkinthebrain.Assigningfragrancestocertainnotesallowedtheperfumertocreatewhat he called harmonious scents. For example, a C chord would result in ablend of sandalwood, geranium, acacia, neroli, and camphor. Piesse’s sonCharlesissometimescreditedwithdevisingthissystem,becauseaseditorofthebook he removed Septimus’s name from subsequent editions after his father’sdeath.17

Needlesstosay,Piesse’ssystemwascomplex,andtheconceptwasnotwidelyuseduntilWilliamArthurPoucher(1891–1988)simplifieditintothreenotes.Aresearch chemist and chief perfumer at Yardley of London, Poucher began toclassifyscentsbasedon their ratesofvolatility.HisbookPerfumes,CosmeticsandSoapshasbeeninprintsince1923andisstillaclassicreferenceinthefieldofcosmetics.Inthismethod,essentialoilsareassignedtooneofthethreenotesbased on their dominant characteristic and rate of evaporation. The notes aremostoftencalledtop,middle,andbase.Thetopnoteisalsocalledthehead,orpeak,note.Itisthecomponentthatis

firstdetected,usuallythestrongest,butithasthefastestevaporationrate,lasting10minutestoseveralhours.Thetopnoteleadstheway,butthengiveswayfortheotherscentstotakeover.Themiddlenoteisalsocalledtheheartormodifier.The middle note is usually detectable 10 to 45 minutes after the perfume isappliedandcan lastseveralhours toseveraldays.Thebasenote isalsocalledthe fixative,orbody,note. Itspurpose is toslowtherateofevaporationof thetopnoteandtoactasananchortoholdthefragrancetogether.Abase-notescent

canlastseveraldaystooveraweek.Workingtogether, thetopnoteintroducesthescent,andthemiddleandbasenotescreatethecoreofablend.Mixinganoilfromeachofthethreecategoriescreatesawell-roundedblendthatunfoldsovertime.

BlendingwithNotesWorking with three notes is the theory, but not all oils fit neatly into onecategory.Someoilsarecomplex,inthattheycanfunctionasmorethanonenote.Angelicaseedoilisanexample,andalthoughitisoftenclassifiedasatopnote,itismoreinbetweentopandmiddle.Inadditiontofunctioningaseithernote,anin-betweenoillikethisworkswellasabridgesmoothingtheseparatenotesinablend.Intables5.1and5.2,Ihaveincludedthecategoriesofmiddletotopandmiddle to base.Oils listed thisway can serve as either note dependingon theotheroilswithwhichyouwanttoblendthem.Forexample,inablendofylang-ylang, lavender, and mandarin, ylang-ylang, with its middle-to-base range,functionsasthebasenote.Of course, in addition to creating nice-smelling blends, we have the extra

dimensionofmagical intentions to consider.Becauseof this, using the classictop, middle, and base notes should be thought of as a basic roadmap. Forexample, I canplanablendwith rosemary,nutmeg,and jasminebecause theysuitmyintentionforclarityandprotectionindreamworkaswellasabasicrangeofthreenotes:middletop,middle,andmiddlebase,respectively.Ablendwithpetitgrain,pine,andlavender—top,middletop,andmiddlenotes,respectively—shiftsthescaleupwardbutstillmaintainsathree-notespread.Don’tbeafraidtoexperimentwiththenoteranges,havefun,andexplore;youwillberewarded.Wherenecessary toavoidconfusion, Ihavemaintaineddetails todistinguish

betweenthespeciesofplants,suchasspikeandtruelavender,becausetheyhavedifferent notes.Likewise for angelica seed and root oils and a fewothers thatalso have different perfume notes. In the case of eucalyptus and fir, wherespecieshavethesamenote—middletopforbluegumandlemoneucalyptusandmiddleforbalsamandsilverfir—itshouldbeunderstoodthatthesingleentryofeucalyptusorfirappliestobothoftheirrespectivespecies.ToconservespaceIhave abbreviated some of the details, especially in table 5.1. For example,insteadofchamomile(German),chamomile (Roman),cedarwood(Virginia),oreucalyptus (lemon), you will find chamomile (G), chamomile (R), cedarwood(V),andeucalyptus(l).

Table5.1PerfumeNotesofEssentialOils

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

bergamot

cassiafennel(sweet)hyssoplavender(spike)lemon

mandarinorange(bitter)peppermint

petitgrainrose(Damask)sage(common)spearmint

spruce

yarrow angelica(seed)basil

cajeput

camphor

catnip

celery

citronella

eucalyptus

grapefruit

lavandin

lemongrass

litsealovage(leaf/stalk)myrtle

rosemary

tagetes

teatree

allspice

caraway

cardamom

carrotchamomile(R)cinnamon

coriander

elemifennel(bitter)fir

galangal

galbanum

geranium

ginger

juniperlavender(true)

angelica(root)benzoin

cananga

cedarwoodchamomile(G)clarysage

cypress

helichrysum

jasminelovage(root)pepperrose(Maroc)ylang-ylang

amyris

frankincense

labdanum

oakmoss

patchouli

sandalwood

spikenard

storax

turmeric

valerian

vetiver

Table5.1PerfumeNotesofEssentialOils(continued)

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

orange(sweet)oregano

palmarosa

parsleysage(Spanish)savory

staranise

lemonbalm

marjoram

mugwort

neroli

niaouli

nutmeg

Whenyoubeginmixingwiththismethod,itisbesttokeepitsimplebyusingonlythreeoilsinablend.Inthiswayyouwilllearnhoweachoilfunctionsasitsintendednoteandyouwillbebetterpositionedtocombinemultipleoilsof thesamenoteinmorecomplexblends.Unlikethebotanicalfamilyandscent-groupblendingmethods,whereoilshavesimilarconstituentsandwillgenerallyblendwelltogether,thismethodhasmorechanceoferror.Becauseofthis,thetrialtestwithcottonswabsorblotterstripsbeforeactuallymixingtheoilscanbehelpfultocatchalessthandesirableblend.However,ifyou’reonthefenceandnotsureifablendwouldwork,goaheadandtryitbecauseitmayreallyblossomwhenitmatures.The situation to avoidmixingoils iswhenyour reaction to the swabtestis,“Wow,thisisnotgoingtowork.”Thesimpleruleofthumbforblendingbyperfumenoteis3-2-1:threedropsof

thetopnote,twoofthemiddlenote,andonedropofthebasenote.Eventhoughthetopnotemaybestrong,itismorefleetingandcanworkinagreateramount.However,whenatopnoteisparticularlystrong,proceedasyouwouldwiththeothermethodsbyaddingonedropofeachoilatatime.Onceyouhaveonedropofall threenotes, addonedropofyourmiddlenoteand thenoneofyour topnote.Ifallseemswell,addonemoreofyourtopnote.Sometimes you may find that a reverse formula is more to your liking,

especially if you want to emphasize the lower note. Follow your nose andproceedslowlywhenaddingdropsasyouworkoutyourblend.Whenyouarehappywith the results, follow the sameprocedure as detailed in chapter 2 forassessingandallowingtheblendtomature.Someindividualoilsbecomedeeperandricherovertime,whichwillfurtherenhancethedevelopmentoftheblend.Theseoilsincludefrankincense,jasmine,patchouli,rose,andsandalwood.Aswithallmethods,thisisastartingpoint.Aftercreatingacoupleofblends

withthreeoils,youmaywanttoexperimentbydoublingthenumberofoilsforeachnote.Oilsthatseemtotakeoverablendcanbetemperedwithotherssuchaspepper, lemon,orgeranium to createmoreof abalance.Youwill also findthatanemphasisonbasenotescancreateamorespicyorearthyblend.While

lavenderandsandalwoodareawonderfulandtraditionalcombination,youcanjazz up this mix by adding a lemon top note. In addition, lavender andsandalwoodcanbeusedtoenhanceandbringoutthebeautyofotheroils,whilerosemaryandmarjoramcanhelpsmoothablend.Ofcourse,theoilsyouuseforablendwillalsodependonhowtheyfitwith

yourpurpose.Aswithblendingbybotanicalfamily,youmayfindthatyouneedtoincludesupportiveintentionsandpowerswhenoilsforallthreenotesdonotsharethesameassociations.EachrowinTable5.2highlightsoneoil (inboldunderline),which is listed

underitscorrectperfume-notecolumn.Theotheroils intherowarethosethatblend well with the highlighted oil. The oils are listed alphabetically downthrough the table. As in other chapters, this table provides a sampling ofcombinationstohelpyougetstartedandcontainssomeabbreviations.

Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

lavender(spike),orange(bitter)

Allspiceclove(bud),neroli

pepper,ylang-ylang

labdanum,patchouli

bergamot,

spruce citronella,

lavandin lavender(true),ginger,palmarosa

cedarwood

Amyris

oakmoss

lavender(spike),lemon cajeput,

lemongrass coriander,lavender(true)

Angelica(root)clarysage

patchouli

bergamot Angelica(seed)lemongrass,pine

geranium

mugwort cedarwood,

clarysage oakmoss,patchouli,vetiver

mandarin eucalyptus(bg),grapefruit cardamom,carrot,coriander

angelica(root),rose(Maroc)

oakmoss

Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

bergamot,hyssop,lime

citronella geranium,opopanax

clarysage

oakmoss

Baypine,rosemary

lavender(true),orange(sweet) cypress,lovage(root)

frankincense,labdanum

cassia,lemon,rose(Damask)

grapefruit fir(balsam),neroli

Benzoin

jasmine birch,myrrh

Bergamotpetitgrain,rose

basil,grapefruit,lavandin,tagetes

dill,juniper,neroli,

opopanax

chamomile(G),pepper

patchouli

pine,rosemary clove,juniper benzoin,jasmine,ylang-ylang

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

bergamot,lavender(spike)

Cajeputpine,rosemary

lavender(true),niaouli cedarwood,ylang-ylang

labdanum

Camphorbay,cajeput

caraway,ginger,lavender(true)

chamomile(G)

frankincense

bergamot,rose(Damask)

citronella,

lavandin cardamom,lemonbalm,neroli

Canangajasmine,pepper

labdanum,oakmoss

anise,cassia

Carawayorange(sweet)

chamomile(G)

frankincense

cassia,mandarin,

neroli

Cardamomginger,parsley

cedarwood,ylang-ylang

frankincense,patchouli

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

bergamot,lavender(spike),lime

grapefruit

Carrotcumin,geranium

cedarwood,cypress

frankincense

Cassia grapefruit,lavandin,rosemary clove,ginger,lavender(true)

benzoin

frankincense

lemon,lime,peppermint

Catnip

eucalyptus cardamom,

lemonbalm

bergamot,spruce,yarrow

citronella,

rosemary fir(balsam),juniper,palmarosa Cedarwood(A)

jasmine amyris,vetiver

rose(Damask) citronella,

rosemary lavender(true),palmarosa Cedarwood(V)benzoin,cypress

amyris,

patchouli

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

Celerypine,teatree

coriander,lavender(true)

lovage(root)

oakmoss

bergamot,lemon camphor,

teatree geranium,lavender(true),neroli Chamomile(G)benzoin,jasmine

patchouli

camphor,

teatree Chamomile(R)cumin,tarragon

clarysage,rose(Maroc)

frankincense

mandarin,orange(sweet),spruce lavandin,

thyme Cinnamon(bark)clove,elemi

benzoin,fir(balsam)

frankincense

lemon,spruce rosemary,

thyme Cinnamon(leaf)clove,neroli

cedarwood(Atlas),ylang-ylang

frankincense

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

bergamot,lemon,

peppermint

Citronellabasil,pine

coriander,

geranium

cedarwood

amyris

hyssop,sage(common),yarrow basil,lavandin,pine,tagetes

lavender(true),sage(Spanish)

ClarySagecypress,jasmine

frankincense,

sandalwood

mandarin,rose(Damask)

bay,cajeput,myrtle,teatree Clove(bud)

allspice rose(Maroc),ylang-ylang

patchouli

cassia,

peppermint cajeput,grapefruit,lavandin Clove(leaf)

nutmeg clarysage,rose(Maroc)

sandalwood

bergamot,petitgrain celery,pine,

tagetes

Corianderneroli,opopanax

cypress,jasmine amyris,

frankincense

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

anise lavandin,

rosemary

galbanum chamomile(G)

lemon bay,lavandin,pine

marjoram,palmarosa

Cypressbenzoin,clarysage

sandalwood

bergamot,lemon,

spearmint eucalyptus(l)lemongrass

Dillelemi,nutmeg

pepper

spikenard

lime,mandarin,sage(common)

eucalyptus(l)rosemary

Elemilavender(true)

pepper frankincense,myrrh

lavender(spike),lemon Eucalyptus(bg)pine,thyme

lavender(true),marjoram

cedarwood

oakmoss

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

lemon,spearmint,rose(Damask) Eucalyptus(l)

pine geranium,palmarosa jasmine,rose(Maroc)

frankincense

bergamot,

basil Fennel(bitter)

marjoram

pepper

frankincense

Fennel(sweet)anise,lemon

basil cardamom,geranium,parsley rose(Maroc)

sandalwood

lavender(spike),peppermint

pine Fir(balsam)lavender(true)

benzoin,cedarwood

sandalwood

fennel(sweet),lemon pine,

rosemary Fir(silver)galbanum benzoin,

cedarwood

labdanum

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

bergamot,orange(bitter)

bay,basil,camphor

elemi,neroli,opopanax

angelica(root),benzoin,pepper

Frankincense

lemon,lime,sage(common)

lavandin,litsea,myrtle

Galangalallspice,parsley

patchouli

spruce

pine Galbanumgeranium,tarragon lovage(root) frankincense,storax

grapefruit,lemongrass

Geraniumclove,neroli

rose(Maroc),pepper myrrh,

patchouli

lemon,lime,rose(Damask)

litsea

Gingerorange(sweet)

rose(Maroc)

vetiver

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

anise,bergamot,lemon

Grapefruitbay,rosemary

galangal,neroli,palmarosa

cypress

frankincense

lavender(spike),lemon, lemongrass,

litsea chamomile(R)

Helichrysumrose(Maroc)

labdanum,oakmoss,vetiver

lemon bay,litsea,pine

Hopslemonbalm,nutmeg

Hyssop

bergamot bay,myrtle,rosemary geranium,lavender(true)

clarysage lime,petitgrain,rose,spearmint

eucalyptus(l),litsea chamomile(R),coriander

Jasminecedarwood(Atlas)

birch,storax,vetiver

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

bergamot,

lemon pine,

rosemary

Juniperfir,geranium

benzoin,

clarysage

vetiver

bergamot,lemon,lime

bay,cajeput,

lavandin juniper,

opopanax clarysage,

helichrysum

Labdanumfrankincense

bergamot,lime,spruce

Lavandinbay,rosemary

cinnamon,

oregano cypress,ylang-ylang

amyris,

storax

Lavender(spike)

petitgrain eucalyptus,pine,rosemary

clove,

lemonbalm cedarwood,rose(Maroc)

oakmoss,

patchouli

cassia,lemon,lime,peppermint

bay,celery,litsea,myrtle

Lavender(true)elemi,palmarosa

cedarwood,

clarysage galbanum,myrrh,patchouli,vetiver

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

Lemonfennel(sweet)

bay,catnip,

eucalyptus chamomile(R),neroli

benzoin,ylang-ylang

frankincense,sandalwood

lime,petitgrain,rose(Damask)

lavandin,

LemonBalmdill,savory

clarysage,

jasmine

frankincense

bergamot,lime

Lemongrass

tagetes lavender(true),orange(sweet) angelica(root),cedarwood

Limebergamot,lemon

basil,citronella,rosemary niaouli,nutmeg clarysage,

jasmine

oakmoss

bergamot,petitgrain

Litseabasil,rosemary

ginger,lavender(true)

cedarwood,ylang-ylang

frankincense

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

rose(Damask)

Lovage(leaf&stalk)

galbanum,opopanax rose(Maroc)

oakmoss

bay,celery,lavandin galbanum,opopanax Lovage(root)

oakmoss

Mandarinrose(Damask)

eucalyptus(lemon) cinnamon(bark),clove,nutmeg jasmine,ylang-ylang

myrrh,

sandalwood

bergamot,peppermint eucalyptus(bg),teatree

Marjoramfir(silver)

cedarwood,chamomile(G)

sage(common) angelica(seed),pine,rosemary

Mugwortclove,juniper

angelica(root),clarysage amyris,

patchouli

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

mandarin,spearmint,yarrow catnip,pine,thyme

elemi,juniper,lavender(true)

benzoin

sandalwood

bergamot,hyssop,yarrow

Myrtlebay,lavandin

clove,galangal,ginger,parsley

clarysage

turmeric

lemon,rose(Damask)

grapefruit

Neroliallspice,geranium

benzoin,

clarysage

frankincense

fennel(sweet),lime,peppermint basil,cajeput,myrtle

Niaoulilavender(true)

mandarin,petitgrain bay,rosemary

Nutmegclove,geranium

clarysage oakmoss,

turmeric

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

anise,lime bay,eucalyptus(bluegum) ginger,orange(sweet)

clarysage,ylang-ylang

Oakmoss

vetiver

bergamot basil,lovage(leaf&stalk)

Opopanaxcoriander,fir

clarysage,lovage(root)

labdanum,

vetiver

Orange(bitter)anise,lemon

lemongrass nutmeg,orange(sweet)

cypress

lemon,lime,sage(common)

citronella,

tagetes Orange(sweet)cinnamon,ginger

clarysage labdanum,myrrh,oakmoss

lavender(spike) camphor,lavandin,pine

Oregano cedarwood,

cypress

oakmoss

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

rose(Damask) lavandin,grapefruit

Palmarosa

geranium cananga,

cypress amyris,sandalwood

anise,rose(Damask)

myrtle,

teatree

Parsleycoriander,cumin

oakmoss

angelica(seed),lavandin geranium,lavender(true)

angelica(root),clarysage

Patchouli

lime,rose(Damask)

lavandin,

rosemary lavender(true),marjoram

Pepperrose(Maroc)

frankincense,sandalwood

Peppermintlemon,spearmint

catnip,citronella,

rosemary lavender(true),marjoram

benzoin

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

Petitgrainlavender(spike)

litsea,rosemary,

teatree carrot,neroli,

palmarosa benzoin,clarysage,jasmine frankincense,

valerian

lemon,sage(common)

Pinecajeput,teatree

lavender(true),mugwort,savory cedarwood,cypress birch,

spikenard

Rose(Damask)bergamot,lemon

litsea,lovage

(leaf/stalk)

chamomile(Roman),neroli clarysage,

jasmine frankincense,sandalwood

anise,bergamot,

lemon litsea,tagetes clove,ginger,lavender(true)

Rose(Maroc)benzoin,pepper

patchouli,sandalwood

cassia,lime,

peppermint

Rosemarybay,pine,thyme

cumin,elemi,mugwort,oregano

cedarwood(Atlas),pepper frankincense,labdanum

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

Sage(common)hyssop,lemon

grapefruit,lavandin,pine lavender(true),orange(sweet) clarysage,

pepper lavender(spike) eucalyptus(bg),pine,rosemary Sage(Spanish)

elemi,gingercedarwood,

clarysage bergamot,

fennel(sweet)

grapefruit geranium,palmarosa benzoin,jasmine,rose(Maroc)

Sandalwood

vetiver

lemon,lime pine,lavandin,

rosemary Savory(summer)lavender(true)

oakmoss

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

bergamot,lime lemongrass,pine,rosemary

Savory(winter)orange(sweet)

oakmoss

Spearmint

mandarin basil,lavandin dill,lavender(true)

jasmine

lavender(spike),petitgrain bay,pine dill,geranium,lavender(true)

clarysage,rose(Maroc)

Spikenard

labdanum

Spruce lavandin,pine,rosemary

galbanum,lavender(true) benzoin,cedarwood amyris,

oakmoss

rose(Damask) lavandin,

StarAniseorange(sweet)

rose(Maroc),ylang-ylang

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

rose(Damask)

lavandin galbanum,lavender(true) jasmine,ylang-ylang

Storax

mandarin,petitgrain

Tagetesgrapefruit,litsea

lavender(true),orange(sweet) clarysage,jasmine,rose(M)

frankincense

lime basil,pine

Tarragon

galbanum chamomile(G) labdanum,oakmoss

petitgrain

TeaTreepine,rosemary

cinnamon,clove,ginger

oakmoss

bergamot,

Thymepine,rosemary

fir(balsam),lavender(true)

pepper myrrh,

turmeric

MiddletoTop

Middle

MiddletoBase

myrtle,thyme clove,ginger,nutmeg clarysage,ylang-ylang

Turmeric

labdanum

mandarin,petitgrain pine,

rosemary lavender(true)

cedarwood

Valerian

patchouli

rose(Damask),yarrow angelica(seed) ginger,lavender(true)

clarysage,

jasmine

Vetiver

sandalwood

Yarrow

hyssop myrtle,pine chamomile(R) cedarwood,

clarysage myrrh,oakmoss,

vetiver

bergamot,lemon,

mandarin cajeput,lavandin,litsea,teatree allspice,neroli,palmarosa Ylang-Ylang

jasmine birch,oakmoss,

sandalwood

Sample Blend I like to use this blend for divination, working withastralfamiliars,oranytimeIfeeltheneedforsupportinfocusingmymind and energies. All three oils—bergamot, geranium, and clarysage—helpsustainconcentration.Geraniumsupportspsychicenergyandwork in theastralrealm;bergamotbringspsychicprotectionaswellasheightenedawarenessandcommunicationwithspirits.Clarysage, which I use as the base note in this blend, supports psychicabilities,divination,andclairvoyance.Itisalsoassociatedwithtruth,whichbringsasenseofauthenticity.

PsychicFocusBlendBergamot:7dropsClarysage:4dropsGeranium:3dropsInthenextchapter

we will explore a method of blending based onmy own exploration into thePagansymbolismofthevariouspartsofplants.

[contents]

17.MacEwan,Chemist&Druggist,152.

CHAPTER6

AsAbove,SoBelow

Themorphological mixing of herbs was a common practice amongmedievalherbalists,whobelievedthatdifferentpartsofplantsserveddifferentpurposes.Inritualandmagicwork,weoftenusevariouspartsofplantsbecauseof theirsymbolism,whichinturnenhancestheenergyandpowerofourintentions.Itdidnottakeanystretchoftheimaginationformetoseethatusinganessentialoilorblendofoilsinplaceofanactualpieceofplantwouldworkjustaswell.From below the earth, roots keep our energy grounded and give our work

stability. Wood and bark represent the middle or center, giving us balance,helping us grow, and providing protective energy. Resins represent life-givingbloodandvitality,providingcontrol, and thepower toheal.Leaves symbolizegrowth and expansion and can be used as an aid in developing our purposes.Flowers represent beauty, fertility, and sexuality. With the base word fruit,fruitionmeanscompletionorculmination,andsoapieceoffruitsymbolizesthemanifestationofintentionsordesires.Alsosymbolizingabundance,fruitcanbeusedtoamplifyorincreaseenergies.Seedsandnutsrepresentthebeginningsofthings and canbe instrumentalwhen encouraging somethingnew inour lives.They also represent duality, such as the alternation between life and death orlightanddark.Becauseof this theycanprovidebalance, embodychange, andrepresentcycles.Justaswecanuseanacorn to symbolizebeginningsand thepromiseof the

future, or an apple to represent abundance, so too can we use essential oils,becausemostareproducedfromspecificpartsofplants.Whilesingleoilsworkwellforthis,creatingblendscanamplifyenergyandboostintentions,whichiswhy I devised this method. And of course, it’s always fun to create newmixtures.While the individual categories are fairly straightforward, I found itusefultocombinethemintotwolargergroupsthatIcallAsAboveandSoBelow.While using these larger groupings expands thenumberof oils fromwhich to

choose, they alsoprovide abroader levelof energetic support.For example, acombinationofrootandwoodoilscanformapowerfulgroundingandcenteringblendforuseafterritual.Aleafandfruitoilcombinationcanbeusedtomanifestpurpose.Let’stakealookattheplant-partclassifications.

Figure6.1TheAsAbove/SoBelowcategoriesofoils.

The major groups of As Above and So Below are each divided into threecategoriesplusonesubcategory.CategoriesintheSoBelowgroupincluderoots,wood and bark, and resins. The resins category actually consists of resins,oleoresins, and gums. The subcategory in the So Below group is twigs andleaves.Whiletheseoilsareproducedpartlyfromleaves,anAsAbovecategory,I felt that the bark and woody parts of twigs would make these moreenergetically suitable for the So Below group. However, you may want toexperimenttoseewheretheseoilsfitbestforyou.ThegeneralattributesoftheSo Below group are: Roots: grounding, stability, longevity, secrets, theOtherworld/UnderworldResins:vitality,healing,control,spiritualityWoodandbark:protection,growth,balance/center,strengthTwigsandleaves:leavesaddenergy to wood and bark attributes The categories in the As Above groupinclude leaves, flowers, and fruit,with the subcategory of leaves and flowers.The general attributes of the As Above group are: Leaves: energy, growth,purpose Flowers: beauty, attraction, sex, fertility Leaves and flowers: acombination of these categories Fruit: manifestation, success, abundance,increase Straddling theworlds ofAsAbove and SoBelow is the category ofseeds,which includesnuts. Ihavefound that theseoils functionwellwithandsupport the energy of both the As Above and So Below groups. In addition,

seedsprovideawheel-of-the-yearcontinuitythatunderliesoursabbatandesbatrituals. The general attributes of seeds are beginnings, changes, cycles, andbalance/duality.Parts of plants and their respective essential oils also relate to the elements:

Air:leaves,flowers,leavesandflowersWater:fruit,resinsEarth:roots,woodandbark,twigsandleavesFire:seeds

At first we may think of seeds as being associated with the element earthbecausetheyrestintheground;however,theyholdthefire/sparkoflifethatsetsthecycleinmotion.Likewise,wemaythinkofwoodrelatingtofire,yetwhileatreeisaliveitisconnectedwiththeearth—thinkofwoodsy/earthyscents.

Figure6.2Plantpartsandtheelements.

Therearethreewaystocreateablendwiththismethod:•Useoilsofthesameplantpart•UseoilsofmultipleplantpartsfromeithertheAsAboveorSoBelowgroups

•Balance several oils from both groupsKeep inmind that even two oils cancreateanicemixthatwillenhanceyourwork.Inmanyinstancesyouwillnoticethat plant parts often coincide with scent groups, something to keep in mindwhileplanning.Thetablesinthischapterprovidedetailsaboutwhichoilsblendwelltogetherwithintheirplant-partcategoriesandgroup,aswellasoilsintheoppositegroup.Aswith theblendingmethods in thepreviouschapters, followthesameproceduresformixingandassessingyouroilcombinations.Throughout this chapter it should be understood that oils produced from

different parts of the same plant are listed in their respective categories. For

example,oil isproducedfromboth therootsandseedsofangelica,andwherethisplantislistedintherootscategoryitreferstoangelicarootoilandsoforth.Inthecaseofsandalwood,whichisproducedfromacombinationofrootsandwood,youwillfinditinbothcategories.Wherenecessarytoavoidconfusion,Ihavemaintaineddetails todistinguishbetweenbalsamandsilver firanda fewothers. To conserve space I have abbreviated details. For example, Atlas andVirginiacedarwood,andlemonandbluegumeucalyptus,areshownsimplyascedarwood(A)oreucalyptus(bg).EachtableinthischapterisdividedbetweenAsAbove andSoBelow, and lists their respective oils.Even though seeds fitintobothgroups, theyare listedonce ineach tablewherespaceallows,whichshouldnotbeconstruedastheirbelongingtoonlyonegroup.Now,let’stakealookattheoilsineachcategoryalongwiththepowersoftheirplantparts.

The“SoBelow”Oils

RootsResiding under the earth, roots are the most natural plant part for groundingenergy and providing stability. Blends from this category can aid us duringpsychic or astralwork aswell as post-ritual grounding of energy.Roots are asymbol of longevity, and they encourage us to hold secrets when bidden. Inaddition, roots offer access to the Underworld, making these oils useful forconnecting with ancestors, other spirits, or chthonic deities. As a result, aSamhainblendoftheseoilscanbeverypowerful.Roots combined with wood and bark oils can add protection during

OtherworldorUnderworldcontact.Resinoilsbringvitalitytolongevity,andthetwigsandleavesoilscanaddenergytoallendeavors.CombiningrootoilswithAsAboveoilsenhances theirpowers.Rootskeepusgroundedasweseekourtrue purpose in life and lend stability. The energy of beauty from flowers canbenefitfromthelongevityofroots.

Table6.1.aRootsandSoBelowOils

OtherRoots

WoodandBark

TwigsandLeaves

angelica

cedarwood

frankincense

coriander

galangal

cinnamon

opopanax

parsley

ginger

vetiver

sandalwood

frankincense eucalyptus(l)

coriander

lovage

galbanum

celery

sandalwood

ginger

cypress

snakeroot

vetiver

sandalwood

coriander

spikenard

vetiver

frankincense

cypress

turmeric

ginger

labdanum

nutmeg

valerian

cedarwood

petitgrain

vetiver

spikenard

sandalwood

opopanax

angelica

Table6.1.bRootsandAsAboveOils

Leaves

Flowers

LeavesandFlowers

angelica

patchouli

lavender

clarysage

galangal

myrtle

lavandin

rosemary

ginger

cinnamon

neroli

orange

lovage

lavandin

sandalwood

palmarosa

jasmine

clarysage

snakeroot

patchouli

clarysage

bergamot

spikenard

patchouli

lavender

clarysage

juniper

turmeric

clove ylang-ylang

clarysage

valerian

patchouli

lavender

rosemary

mandarin

vetiver

patchouli

clarysage

Table6.2.aResinsandSoBelowOils

Resins

OtherResins

WoodandBark

TwigsandLeaves

benzoin

cassia

sandalwood

cypress

coriander

frankincense

cinnamon eucalyptus(l)

nutmeg

fir(balsam)

benzoin

cedarwood

sandalwood

cypress

frankincense

opopanax

camphor

angelica

caraway

galbanum

storax

lovage

labdanum

frankincense

sandalwood

vetiver

cypress fir(silver)

sandalwood

angelica

opopanax

labdanum

sandalwood

vetiver fir(silver)

coriander

storax

galbanum

cedarwood

ResinsWhether they are somewhat liquid or viscous, I think of resins, gums, andoleoresinsasthelifebloodofplantssupplyingvitalityandadministeringhealing.Theyalsoembodyspiritualityandaidusintappingintothatlevelofenergyformeaningful ritual.Quite naturally,many of these aremembers of the resinousscentgroup.Resins combinedwithotherSoBelowoils addvitality andvigorwhereneeded.Theirhealingaspectcanencouragethelongevityofrootoilsandworkinsynergywithwoodandbark’sstrength.WiththeAsAboveoils,resinsaddvitality to theenergyandgrowthof leaves.Theyalsobringanelementofcontrol, which can be helpful when dealingwith attraction, especially sexual.Controlmightalsobewarrantedtokeepoverambitiousmanifestationincheck.

Table6.2.bResinsandAsAboveOils

Resins

Leaves

Flowers

LeavesandFlowers

benzoin

patchouli

jasmine

lavender

rosemary

fir(balsam)

tarragon

lavender

peppermint

juniper

frankincense

cinnamon

neroli

orange

galbanum

tarragon

lavender

juniper

labdanum

patchouli

lavandin

clarysage

bergamot

patchouli

peppermint

mandarin

opopanax

patchouli

neroli

clarysage

bergamot

storax

palmarosa

Table6.3.aWoodandBarkandSoBelowOils

WoodandBark

OtherWoodandBark

Resins

TwigsandLeaves

amyris

cedarwood

ginger

spruce

coriander

camphor

frankincense

ginger

cajeput

caraway

cassia

cinnamon

benzoin

ginger

cardamom

cedarwood(A)

amyris

frankincense

vetiver

cypress

carrot

cedarwood(V)

amyris

benzoin

cypress

carrot

cinnamon

cassia

galangal

spruce

caraway

sandalwood

cypress

coriander

WoodandBarkSturdywoodandbarkfromtreesandthewoodypartsof other plants provide protection. As a result, these oils areparticularly potent in blends for this intention. Wood and bark arealsoagaugeofgrowthandcanaidusinmanifestingoursonvariouslevels: social, emotional, and spiritual. These parts of plants alsoprovidebalancebybeingatthecenterorencirclingitastheybolsterstrength. Wood and bark combined with other So Below oils bringstrength to the stability of root oils. The growth and protectionattributesofwoodandbarkoilsgiveapotentboosttothehealingofresins,whiletheenergyofthetwigsandleavesoilsaugmentalltheirpowers. With the As Above oils, the growth of wood and barkcomplements and amplifies the growth of leaves. Keeping centeredand balanced can be valuable in matters of beauty, sex, andattraction,aswellaswhenseekingsuccess.

Table6.3.bWoodandBarkandAsAboveOils

WoodandBark

Leaves

Flowers

LeavesandFlowers

amyris

citronella

lavandin

mugwort

bergamot

camphor

chamomile

juniper

cassia

lavender

rosemary

grapefruit

cedarwood(A)

citronella ylang-ylang

clarysage

bergamot

cedarwood(V)

palmarosa

lavender

rosemary

juniper

cinnamon fir(balsam) ylang-ylang

mandarin

sandalwood

patchouli

jasmine

clarysage

bergamot

Table6.4.aTwigsandLeavesandSoBelowOils

TwigsandLeaves

OtherTwigsandLeaves

Resins

WoodandBark

cypress

frankincense

cedarwood

lovage

cardamom

cajeput

labdanum

camphor

angelica

cypress

benzoin

cedarwood

sandalwood

cardamom

eucalyptus(l)

ginger

fir(silver)

labdanum

cedarwood

niaouli

cajeput

fennel

petitgrain

teatree

benzoin

cedarwood

valerian

coriander

pine eucalyptus(l)

cedarwood

spikenard

celery

spruce

galbanum

cedarwood

teatree

niaouli

cinnamon

ginger

nutmeg

TwigsandLeavesAsasubsetofwoodandbark, theseoilsoffer thesameattributesandpowers,withtheadditionofleafenergy.Closelyalignedwithwoodandbark,thetwigsandleavesoilscanbeusedforthesameintentionsandexponentiallyboosttheenergyofothersintheSoBelowgroup.Twigsandleavesoilsenhanceallaspectsassociatedwithleaves.TheyalsoboosttheenergyoftheAsAboveoils.

Table6.4.bTwigsandLeavesandAsAboveOils

TwigsandLeaves

Leaves

Flowers

LeavesandFlowers

patchouli

lavender

clarysage

juniper

cajeput eucalyptus(bg)

lavender

bergamot

cypress

palmarosa

lavandin

clarysage

eucalyptus(l)

palmarosa

spearmint

orange

fir(silver)

tarragon

lavender

marjoram

niaouli

myrtle

peppermint

petitgrain

palmarosa

jasmine

rosemary

bergamot

lavender

juniper

spruce

lavandin

clarysage

orange

teatree

lemongrass ylang-ylang

marjoram

juniper

Table6.5.aLeavesandAsAboveOils

Leaves

OtherLeaves

Flowers

LeavesandFlowers

allspice

patchouli

neroli

orange

coriander

jasmine

rosemary

juniper

cassia

lavender

rosemary

grapefruit

coriander

cinnamon

clove ylang-ylang

rosemary

orange

caraway

citronella sage(common)

lavandin

bergamot

coriander

cassia

peppermint

clarysage

grapefruit

nutmeg

lemongrass

spearmint

lemonbalm

orange

cardamom

eucalyptus(bg) sage(Spanish)

lavender

mugwort

Table6.5.aLeavesandAsAboveOilscontinued

Leaves

OtherLeaves

Flowers

LeavesandFlowers

fir(balsam)

tarragon

lavender

juniper

coriander

lemongrass

lavender

tagetes

bergamot

myrtle

lavandin

hyssop

palmarosa

cananga

lemonbalm

grapefruit

cardamom

patchouli

allspice

clarysage

bergamot

angelica

sage(common)

lavandin

hyssop

lemon sage(Spanish) eucalyptus(bg)

lavender

mugwort

juniper

tarragon fir(silver)

chamomile

juniper

carrot

The“AsAbove”Oils

LeavesFromthetimetheyburstforthinthespringuntilthewindwhisksthemawayinthe autumn, leaves enfold the world with aerial enchantment. Personifyingenergy and growth, leaves give our magic and personal endeavors anencouragingboost.Inaddition,oilsproducedfromleavesareparticularlyhelpfulwhenseekinganddevelopingourtruepurposeinlife.LeavesaddenergytootherAsAboveoils.Whencombinedwithflowers,their

growth aspect enhancesbeauty and amplifies attraction.With fruit oils, leavesintensify andmultiply intentions,making it important touse these judiciously.FortheSoBelowoils,leavesbringtheirenergytothelongevityandstabilityofroots. The growth aspect of leaves complements that of wood and bark andenhances their strength. Being partially of leaves, the twigs and leaves oilsbenefitfromallaspectsofleaves.

Table6.5.bLeavesandSoBelowOils

Leaves

Resins

WoodandBark

TwigsandLeaves

allspice

ginger

opopanax

benzoin

cassia

ginger

frankincense

cinnamon

ginger

benzoin cedarwood(A)

spruce

citronella

cedarwood

sandalwood

spikenard

petitgrain

eucalyptus(bg)

frankincense

cedarwood

cajeput

Table6.5.bLeavesandSoBelowOilscontinued

Leaves

Resins

WoodandBark

TwigsandLeaves

fir(balsam)

benzoin

cedarwood

cypress

lemongrass

angelica

cedarwood

teatree

myrtle

ginger fir(balsam)

palmarosa

sandalwood

storax

amyris eucalyptus(l)

patchouli

vetiver

frankincense

sandalwood fir(silver)

sage(common)

ginger

sage(Spanish)

ginger

cedarwood

tarragon

ginger

galbanum

Table6.6.aFlowersandAsAboveOils

Flowers

OtherFlowers

Leaves

LeavesandFlowers

cananga

jasmine

citronella

lemonbalm

bergamot

cardamom

catnip

peppermint eucalyptus(bg)

rosemary

lime chamomile(G)

neroli

patchouli

marjoram

lemon chamomile(R)

tarragon

clarysage

bergamot

lavandin

allspice

rosemary

grapefruit

nutmeg

helichrysum chamomile(R)

lemongrass

lemonbalm

litsea

cardamom

lavender

myrtle

lemonbalm

nutmeg

jasmine

spearmint

clarysage

mandarin

coriander

lavandin

citronella

Table6.6.aFlowersandAsAboveOilscontinued

Flowers

OtherFlowers

Leaves

LeavesandFlowers

lavender(s)

rosemary

caraway

lavender(t)

spearmint

patchouli

clarysage

orange

neroli ylang-ylang

patchouli

clarysage

orange

coriander

oregano

lavandin

citronella

rosemary

bergamot

peppermint

lavender eucalyptus(bg)

marjoram

rose(Damask)

jasmine

palmarosa

lemonbalm

bergamot fennel(s)

rose(Maroc)

patchouli

clarysage

bergamot fennel(s)

spearmint

lavandin eucalyptus(bg)

mandarin ylang-ylang

neroli

lemonbalm

bergamot

cardamom

Table6.6.bFlowersandSoBelowOils

Flowers

Resins

WoodandBark

TwigsandLeaves

cananga

sandalwood

labdanum

sandalwood

catnip

myrrh eucalyptus(l)

chamomile(G)

benzoin

camphor

teatree

chamomile(R)

frankincense

camphor

teatree

sandalwood

cinnamon

cajeput

helichrysum

vetiver

labdanum

teatree

jasmine

vetiver

storax

sandalwood

petitgrain

Table6.6.bFlowersandSoBelowOils

Flowers

Resins

WoodandBark

TwigsandLeaves

lavandin

lovage

storax

amyris

lavender(s)

vetiver

cedarwood

petitgrain

lavender(t)

vetiver

frankincense

cedarwood

neroli

ginger

opopanax cedarwood(A)

petitgrain

oregano

camphor

peppermint

benzoin

niaouli

rose(Damask)

ginger

frankincense

sandalwood eucalyptus(l)

rose(Maroc)

ginger

benzoin

sandalwood eucalyptus(l)

spearmint

myrrh ylang-ylang

vetiver

storax

sandalwood

teatree

FlowersShowyorsubtle,flowersarethecrowninggloryofplants.Theyrepresentbeautywith a goal: attraction, sex, and fertility. These essential oils can createwonderfullyintoxicatingblendsformagic.Itisnowonderthatpoetsandloversforthousandsofyearshavesungthepraisesofflowers.Floweroilscanbeusedto pull the energy of leaves and themanifestation power of fruit to a centricfocusofattractionandsex.Whencombinedwithaleavesandflowersoil,flowerpower soars. The beauty aspect of flowers can add a different dimension toleaves’purposeandfruit’spowerofsuccess.Thesexualaspectofflowerscanbetemperedwiththecontrolofresinoilsandthestabilityofrootoils.

Table6.7.aLeavesandFlowersandAsAboveOils

LeavesandFlowers OtherLeavesandFlowers

Flowers

Leaves

clarysage

spearmint

citronella

caraway

clarysage

hyssop

jasmine

juniper

coriander

hyssop

rosemary

lavender

myrtle

orange

fennel

lemonbalm

thyme ylang-ylang

mandarin

marjoram

rosemary

chamomile

patchouli

bergamot

fennel

mugwort

lavandin

patchouli

juniper

rosemary

mugwort

oregano

citronella

tagetes

clarysage

jasmine

bergamot

coriander

marjoram

lavender

grapefruit

LeavesandFlowersOilsproducedfromacombinationofleavesandflowers possess attributes and powers of both. These oils areinstrumental inbolstering the single leaf or floweroils. Inaddition,theybringanexcitingelementtoallAsAbovegroupoilsandenhancethe powers of increase and manifestation of fruit. The leaves andflowersoilsbringaqualityoflightnessthatelevatestheenergyoftheSoBelowoils.

Table6.7.bLeavesandFlowersandSoBelowOils

LeavesandFlowers

Resins

WoodandBark

TwigsandLeaves

opopanax

camphor

cajeput

clarysage

sandalwood

frankincense

cedarwood

hyssop

teatree

lemonbalm

frankincense

camphor

petitgrain

marjoram

cedarwood

teatree

mugwort

angelica

labdanum

amyris

rosemary

frankincense

cedarwood

petitgrain

tagetes

sandalwood

frankincense

sandalwood

petitgrain

turmeric

cedarwood

Table6.8.aFruitandAsAboveOils

OtherFruit

Flowers

Leaves

LeavesandFlowers

allspice

pepper

neroli

patchouli

nutmeg

bergamot

litsea

jasmine

citronella

tagetes

grapefruit

pepper

lavender

palmarosa

rosemary

cardamom

juniper

bergamot

lavender

tarragon

clarysage

juniper

chamomile sage(common)

fennel

neroli

myrtle

rosemary

nutmeg

litsea

bergamot ylang-ylang

patchouli

cardamom

mandarin

jasmine

cinnamon

lemonbalm

nutmeg

orange(b)

staranise

lemongrass

lemonbalm

orange(s)

tagetes

nutmeg

pepper

allspice

rose fir(balsam)

rosemary

cardamom

staranise

orange lavender(t)

rosemary

coriander

FruitAsmentionedatthebeginningofthischapter,thewordfruitionsaysitall.Fruitrepresents manifestation and success. The feel and smell of fruit is thepersonificationofabundanceandfreedomfromwant.Useblendsoffruitoilstoincrease what you have and to gain what you seek. Fruit adds the power ofincreasetootherAsAboveoils.Inthecaseofleaves,theiraspectsofenergyandgrowthmultiplyexponentiallywithfruitoils.Combiningfruitwithflowerscanbringanabundanceofbeauty toallaspectsof life.WhenusedwithSoBelowoils, fruit’s manifestation abilities can be instrumental, especially for thelongevityofroots,thecontrolofresins,andtheprotectionofwoodandbark.Inaddition, roots bring the aspect of stability, which can be important whenmanifestingdesires.

Table6.8.bFruitandSoBelowOils

Resins

WoodandBark

TwigsandLeaves

allspice

ginger

labdanum

bergamot

snakeroot

opopanax

cedarwood

petitgrain

grapefruit

galangal

frankincense

cassia

cypress

juniper

spikenard fir(balsam)

angelica

benzoin

sandalwood fir(silver)

ginger

niaouli

litsea

ginger

frankincense

cedarwood

petitgrain

mandarin

valerian

cinnamon

cypress

orange(b)

ginger

cinnamon

orange(s)

ginger

cinnamon

cypress

pepper

sandalwood

frankincense

sandalwood

staranise

angelica

cedarwood

Table6.9.aSeedsandSoBelowOils

OtherSeeds

Resins

WoodandBark

TwigsandLeaves

angelica

coriander

vetiver

opopanax

cedarwood

carrot

angelica

cedarwood

petitgrain

caraway

ginger

frankincense

cassia

cardamom

parsley

ginger

labdanum

cinnamon

petitgrain

carrot

frankincense

cedarwood

cypress

celery

coriander

lovage

teatree

coriander

nutmeg

sandalwood

benzoin

amyris

cardamom

galbanum

nutmeg

spikenard

cinnamon eucalyptus(l)

fennel(s)

parsley

sandalwood

niaouli

fir(silver)

fennel

labdanum

cedarwood

nutmeg

turmeric

parsley

cardamom

galangal

benzoin

teatree

SeedsMysteriousandfascinating,seedsmovebetweentheworlds.Carriedonabreezeorsnuggledintotheearth,seedsrepresentbeginnings,changes,andcycles.Theysymbolize thewheel of the year as a fulcrum that balances the duality of theworld:aboveandbelow,lightanddark,goddessandgod.Powercancomefromthe smallest of things—from the tiny acorn comes the mighty oak. Use thepoweroftheseoilswithreverencefortraditionandcraft.

Table6.9.bSeedsandAsAboveOils

Leaves

Flowers

LeavesandFlowers

angelica

patchouli

lavender

mugwort

bergamot

anise eucalyptus(bg)

lavender

rosemary

grapefruit

caraway

cinnamon

chamomile

orange

cardamom

palmarosa ylang-ylang

mandarin

carrot

lavender

rosemary

celery

palmarosa

lavender

rosemary

coriander

citronella

jasmine

clarysage

bergamot

lavandin

rosemary

cinnamon

peppermint

lemonbalm

bergamot

fennel(sweet)

hyssop

fir(silver)

tarragon

lavender

rosemary

nutmeg

lavandin

teatree

parsley

myrtle

neroli

clarysage pepper

The power of change and cycles that seed oils bring to a blend keeps theenergy of the other oils flowing. The beginning aspect of seeds and nuts caninitiate thegrowthofwoodandbarkoils, and thehealingof resins aswell asworkingwith theOtherworld orUnderworld association of roots. The changeaspectofseedscancomplementtheenergyofflowers’beautyandattraction.Inaddition, thepurposeaspectof leavescanbeenhancedby thepowerofcyclesandchangethatseedsengender.

SampleBlendThisblendconsistsofoilsfromtheSoBelowgroupthatIuseatSamhain.Asaresinoil,myrrhhas theattributeofhealing. It isalsoassociatedwith thedeadandtheafterlife.Niaouli’scontributionasatwigsandleavesoilisbalance.Itisalsoassociatedwiththeemotionsandhealing.Asarootoil,gingerisassociatedwith theOtherworld/Underworld aswell as stability.Ginger is also associatedwithmemories.Additionally,thescentofgingerbringsanupliftingqualitythatfeels appropriate formewhen rememberingandhonoringmy lovedoneswhohavepassedtotheOtherworld.

SamhainRemembranceBlendGinger:5dropsMyrrh:4dropsNiaouli:4drops

Nowthatwehavecoveredfouruniquewaysofselectingandblendingessentialoils,wewillmoveon to thecarrieroils.Unfortunately thepowerof theseoilshasbeenlargelyignored,buttheytoocomefromplantsandhavequalitiesthatcan enhance our practices. Let’s explore carrier oils and howwe can tap intotheirenergyandmagic.

[contents]

CHAPTER7

CarrierOilsforMagic

BackgroundtotheCarrierOilsI have never understoodwhy themagical properties of carrier oils have beenignored. Granted, the life essence potency of essential oils is more importantwhen creating and using a blend, but carrier oils also hold the energy of theplantsfromwhichtheycame.Ihavefoundthattakingtheirmagicalassociationsinto consideration when selecting carrier oils adds depth and fullness to myblends. However, before examining their magical potential, it is important tounderstandalittleaboutcarrieroilsandhowtheyareprocessed—justaswedidwiththeessentialoils.Aspreviouslymentioned,thereasonforusingcarrieroilsisbecauseessential

oilsandotherconcentratedaromaticscancauseirritationandotherproblemsifapplied directly to the body. In addition, they can damagewood, plastic, andothersurfaces.Carrieroilsarealsocalledbaseorfixedoilsbecausetheydonotevaporate when exposed to air as essential oils do. The good thing is thatessentialoilsareverylipophilic,whichmeanstheyarereadilyabsorbedbyfattyoils and waxes. If you recall the description of the enfleurage method of oilextractiondescribedinchapter2,itinvolvesanessentialoilbeingabsorbedoutofflowerpetalsbyafattysubstancesuchaslardortallow.Becausecarrieroilsare produced from the fatty portions of plants such as seeds, kernels, or nuts,they absorb essential oils, which become diluted as they are dispersedthroughout the carrier oil. A few carrier oils such as avocado and olive areproducedfromfruit.Justanote:itisimportantwhenusingnutoilstobemindfulofanyonewhomayhaveanallergy.Even though standard vegetable oils from the supermarket are often

recommended foruse as carriers,wewill explorewhy this isnot suchagoodchoice. Another bad choice for a carrier oil is one derived from the animalkingdom, namely fish and emu oils. I don’t condone the use of these foraromaticalchemybecauseweareworkingwiththelifeessenceofplants,andIdonotfeelthatanimaloilsarecompatiblewiththis.Likewise,avoidtheuseofmineralorbabyoilsbecause thesecome frompetroleumproducts andwilldonothingtoenhanceorsupportmagicalpractices.Because carrier oils come from fatty plantmatter, they can go rancid if not

storedproperly.Likeessentialoils,theyshouldbekeptindark,airtightbottles,

awayfromsunandartificiallight.Theshelflifeofcarrieroilsrangesfromsixto18monthsdependingonthetypeofoil.Storingthemintherefrigeratorcanhelpkeepthemfreshandextendtheirshelflifeslightly.However,likeanythingelsewekeepinthefridge,itcaneventuallygobad,soifanoildoesnotlookorsmellright,throwitaway.Mostcarrieroilshavetheirownsmell,whichcanbesweet,nutty,herbaceous,

or spicy. These are not as strong as the aromatic oils and generally do notinterfere with essential-oil blends. In some cases, you may even find that acarrieroil canenhance theoverall aromaof ablend.Buy smallquantities andexperimenttoseewhatworksbestwithyourcreations.Atthispoint,youmaybethinking that the standard vegetable oil from the supermarket doesn’t have asmell.This is truebecausechemicalsolventsareused tobleachanddeodorizethemaswellaskillbacteria.Whilethisextendstheoil’sshelflife,italsomeansthatweareputtingchemicalsintoandontoourbodies.Whenchoosingacarrieroil,orcookingoil for thatmatter, selectone that is

unrefined, food-grade (of course, if you are using it in the kitchen), and, ifpossible,organic—nopreservativesorchemicals.Refinedoilsareproducedascheaplyaspossiblewiththeaidofsolvents,andmoreandmoreoftentheyarebeingproducedfromgeneticallymodifiedplants.AsaPagan(no,actuallyasahumanbeing)IabhortheideaofGMOplants.Itryveryhardtoavoidtheminmy food, and this extends to my magic. It is my personal belief that peopleshouldnottinkerwiththenaturalworldinthisway.Refined food-grade oils are produced to have no odor and very little to no

color.As a result, these have less nutritional value and less energy formagicwork. In addition, some of the plant material harvested to make these oils isoftenstoredforayearormorebeforebeingprocessed.Whenitisfinallyhauledout, the rawmaterial iswashedwith chemicals to remove anymold thatmayhavegrownonitwhileinstorage.This initialwash-down is followedbyasolventextractionprocesssimilar to

that used for some aromatic extracts, which separates the oil from the plantsolids.Nextcomesthedistillationprocess toremovethechemicalsusedin thefirststep.Theresultinggoop,calledacrudeoil,isthenfiltered.WhileyouandImight think of the nice clean filterswe use in coffeemachines, this filtration

process involves heating the oil and adding sodium hydroxide or sodiumcarbonate to neutralize it. But wait, there’s more. Fullers’ earth (aluminumsilicate)oraclay-basedearthisusedtoremoveasmuchcoloraspossible.Theseearthsareveryfine-grainedandhighlyabsorbentofimpuritiesanddirtaswellasthemoleculesthatcreatecolor.Thecyclecontinuesbecauseafteroneprocessaddssomethingtotheoil,itis

followedbyanotherprocess to removewhateverwasput in.And so theoil isfilteredagaintoremovetheearths.Itisthenputthroughavacuumwithsteamathightemperaturestodeodorizeit.Afterwringingmostofthenutrientsoutofit,theoil issubjected toone lastprocess,calledwinterizing,whichkeeps it fromturningcloudyat lower temperatures.Unrefinedoilsmayappear cloudywhenstored in the fridge, but this does not change their chemical compositions orharmthem.Ipreferthecloudsandshortershelflifeformyoils.Youmayencountersomecarrieroilsthatarepartiallyrefined.Thismeansthat

the oil was subjected to some of the processes described above, which mostoften includebleaching,deodorizing, andwinterization.However, someof theother processes may have been employed as well. Partial refining is used tostabilizeoils thatnormallyhave a shorter shelf life aswell asneutralize thosethathavedarkercolorationorstrongersmells.Someothertermsencounteredwhenbuyingoilsincludethewordpure,which

indicatesthatitwasnotmixedwithanyothertypeofoil.Thewordnaturalonthe label means that it was not diluted with any synthetic oil, and the wordorganicindicatesthatplantsweregrownaccordingtocertainstandards.An unrefined oilmay be labeled cold-pressed, whichmeans that it was not

subjected to high temperatures.Aswe learned in chapter 2 about essential oilextractionmethods, cold-pressing is amechanical process that does not applyheat froman external source.However, someheat is generated from thepressmechanism,but itnormallystaysunder60 to80degreesFahrenheit.Asimilarmethod,calledexpeller-pressed,employshydraulicpresses.Whileexternalheatisnotappliedinthismethod,either,frictiongeneratedbythistypeofpresscanraise theheat levelup to200degreesF.Using this typeofpress is lesscostly,makingtheoilalittlemoreeconomical.Inmyresearch,sourceshaveindicatedthatthisamountofheatdoesnotharmtheoil.

Plant material is usually put through a press more than once in order tosqueezeoutasmuchoilaspossible.Oilthatisextractedfromthefirstpressingiscalledvirgin.Afterpressing,theoilisthenputthroughcottonclothfiltersandthenpaperfilterstoremoveanybitsofplantmaterial.

NowfortheMagicWhile there are a number of carrier oils available on themarket, I wanted tofocuson theones thataremorecommon, fairlyeasy to find,andhaveagoodrange of magical associations. These oils include almond, apricot, avocado,borage, camellia, cranberry, evening primrose, flax, grape, hazelnut, jojoba,olive,pecan,pomegranate, rosehip, sesame, and sunflower.Likeessentialoils,thecarriersdonotallcostthesame,whichmaybeimportanttoconsiderwhenplanningyourblends.Also likeessentialoils, thepartof theplant fromwhichtheoil isextractedprovidesanadditionaldimension formagicalpurposes.Wewilltakealookatseveralapproaches.First,wewillrevisitthesampleblendsfrompreviouschapterstoseehowthe

selection of a carrier oil can enhance intentions and, when needed, provide aboost.Referbacktochapter2fordetailsondilutionratioswhenmixingcarrierswithyourblendofessentialoils.Followingthat,wewilllookathowcarrierscanbeincludedinthebotanicalfamilyandplant-partmethodsofselectingessentialandcarrieroils.Given as a sample blend in chapter 1,my blend for grounding energy after

ritualswascreatedusing thesingle-scentgroupmethodofselectingoils.FromthewoodyscentgroupIchosecypressandpatchoulibecausetheyareassociatedwith grounding energy, and vetiver because it is connected with balance. Allthreeoftheseessentialoilsareassociatedwithprotection,whichaddsasenseofsecurityforme.Havingmuchlessodor,carrieroilsarenotclassifiedbyanytypeof scent group, and so I based the selection of a carrier oil on magicalassociations.Jojobaandpomegranatesupportthegroundingandcenteringofenergyaswell

as balance. In addition, pomegranate is connected with protection. Either ofthese carrier oilsworkwellwith this blend because they both cover themostimportant intention: to ground and center energy with the added intention ofcoming into balance.With all three of the essential oils being associatedwithprotection,myfeelingisthatitwouldnotbenecessarytohavethecarrieroildothis, too. Another consideration is cost: pomegranate is usually twice asexpensiveasjojoba.Considerall thefactorsandbaseyourdecisiononwhatis

rightforyou.Also,likeessentialoils,carrierscanbemixedsoyoucanuselessof amore expensiveoilwhile reaping thebenefits of itsmagical associations.TheoilIusedmostoftenforthisblendisjojoba.Myprosperityandwell-beingblendfromchapter2wasofferedasanexample

ofthebotanicalfamilymethodofselectingoils.Allfiveoftheessentialoilsareassociatedwithwell-beingandstrength.Inaddition,grapefruit,lemon,andorangeareassociatedwithabundance,andbergamotandmandarinwithprosperity.Asmentioned,Iliketousethisblendindoorswithatealightdiffuser,especiallyinthewintertofreshenthehouseandgetenergymoving.Bergamot,grapefruit, lemon,andorangeareassociatedwith energy andmandarinwith happiness,which nicely rounds outmyintentions.Whenconsideringcarrieroilsforthisblend,wefindthatalmondandoliveare

associated with abundance, prosperity, and well-being. Olive has the addedadvantageofbeingassociatedwithenergy,manifestation,andthehome,whichcanboosttheintentionsofthisblend.Ontheotherhand,sunflowerisassociatedwithenergy,well-being,andstrength,anditworksequallywell.Don’tdiscountacarrieroilbecauseitmayhavefewerassociationsthatdirectlyalignwithyourintention. For example, sesame is associatedwith prosperity and dealingwithnegativity.Asaresult,thisoilcanemphasizedrawingprosperityintothehomewhilepushingnegativeenergyaway.ForthisreasonIliketousesesameasthecarrieroilwhenIdabthisblendondoorwreaths.Inchapter3Isharedmypsychicpurificationblend,whichusesthebotanical

familymethodofselection.Ichoselavender,marjoram,androsemaryfromtheLamiaceaefamily.Allthreeessentialoilsareassociatedwithfocusandpsychicabilitiesaswellaswithbalance.Aswithmyprosperityandwell-beingblend,Icouldnot staywith thebotanical familyselectionmethod for thecarrieroilasnoneofthemcomefromthisfamily.Asaresult,Iusedoilsbasedsolelyontheirmagical associations. Borage is especially potent for this blend because it isconnectedwithpsychicwork, inner purification, andbalance.Another oil thatworkswell issesame,which isassociatedwithbalanceandpurification. Ithastheaddedaspectofbanishingnegativity. I tend toalternatebetween these twocarrieroils.

Galadriel’sdreamfromchapter4isablendIusefordreamwork,becauseitisdown-to-earth yet ethereal. I created this using the opposite-scent-groupblending method. It contains cedarwood, jasmine, and ylang-ylang which aremembersofthewoodyandfloralscentgroups.Allthreeoilsareassociatedwithdreamworkandpeace. Inaddition,cedarwoodand jasmineareassociatedwithspirits,andylang-ylangwithcommunicatingwiththem.Carrier oils that work well for this blend are rosehip and sunflower, either

singlyortogether.Bothareassociatedwithdreamworkandpeace.Ifprotectionduringdreamworkis important,bothoilsarealsolinkedwiththis,androsehipspecifically with emotional protection. In addition, rosehip is associated withmessagesandomens,whichcanenhancetheeffectivenessoftheblend.Almondisanothercandidate for thecarrieroilas it isassociatedwithpeace,prophecy,protection,andspirits.Imostoftenuseamixofsunflowerandrosehipforthisblend.Icreatedmypsychicfocusblendfordivination,offeredinchapter5,byusing

theperfumenotemethod.Itcontainstheessentialoilsbergamot,clarysage,andgeranium, all of which help sustain concentration. In addition, geraniumsupports psychic energy aswell aswork in the astral realm. Bergamot bringspsychicprotection,heightenedawareness,andcommunicationwithspirits.Clarysage, which I use as the base note, supports psychic abilities, divination, andclairvoyance.Thereareseveralcarrieroils toconsiderfor thisblend.Hazelnut ispowerful

because of its association with communication, divination, wisdom, and themind.Also,hazelnutsareusedspecificallyonSamhainfordivination.Flaxoilisalso a candidate because it is connected with divination and psychic work.Almond is another because of its associationwith divination, knowledge, andspirits.Acombinationofpomegranateandsunfloweroilswouldworkwell,too,becausebothareassociatedwithclarity. Inaddition,pomegranate isconnectedwithdivination,andsunflowerwithwisdom.Ihavenotsettledonaspecificone,yet. Trying a different carrier oil when repeating a blend is good way toexperimentandextendyourknowledge.My Samhain remembrance blend from chapter 6 was created using the As

Above,SoBelowmethod.Thiscanbeappliedtotheselectionofthecarrieroil

as well. The essential oils for this blend—myrrh, niaouli, and ginger—comefromtheSoBelowgroup.Asaresinoil,myrrhhastheattributeofhealing.Itisalsoassociatedwiththedeadandtheafterlife.Niaouli’sattributeasatwigsandleavesoil isbalance. It is also connectedwith the emotions andhealing.AsarootoilgingerisassociatedwiththeOtherworld/Underworldaswellasstability.It is also linked with memories. In addition, the scent of ginger brings anupliftingqualitytothisblend.Of course, the most symbolic carrier oil is pomegranate because of its

importance at Samhain. It is also connected with ancestors, the dead, theafterlife, cycles, and love. Another effective choice is olive oil because of itsassociationswithfamily,makingpeace,blessings,andspirits.Pomegranateisaseedoil,linkedwithboththeAsAboveandSoBelowgroupsofoils.Asaseedoil it speaks of cycles and continuity, which are also themes for Samhain.CombiningtheaboveandbelowrealmsaidsinconnectinguswiththoseintheOtherworld.Thatsaid,Itendtouseoliveoilforthisblend.Iespeciallylikeitslink to family,andasa fruitoil it is linkedwithabundanceandmanifestation,whichgivestheblendalighterenergyandkeepsaritualfrombecomingtoodarkandheavy.

ExtendingBotanicalFamilySelectiontoCarrierOilsAlthoughusingthebotanicalfamilymethodofselectionforessentialandcarrieroils did not work for the two blends I included as sample blends in earlierchapters, thismethod can actuallywork. Table 7.1 lists the botanical familiesthatincludebothessentialandcarrieroilstoshowwherecommonalityexists.

Table7.1BotanicalFamilieswithEssentialandCarrierOils

BotanicalFamily

EssentialOils

CarrierOils

Asteraceae chamomile,helichrysum,mugwort,tagetes,tarragon,yarrow

sunflower

Betulaceae

hazelnut

Lauraceae bay,camphor,cassia,cinnamon,litsea

avocado

Oleaceae

jasmine

Rosaceae

rose almond,apricot,rosehip

As we have seen, some botanical families have too few oils with which tocreatemagical blends. In the case ofRosaceae, the carrier oils outnumber theessentialoilsofDamaskandMaroc rose.However, remember that carrieroilscanbemixed,andifyouarelookingtocreateapowerfulblendforlovemagic,fourorallfiveoftheseoilstogetherpackapunch.Itwillbethesampleblendattheendofthischapter.Let’s also consider theAsteraceae family to seewhat type of blends can be

created.Oneblendcanbebasedonthefactthatalltheoilsareassociatedwithdreamworkandmostwithdivination,psychicwork,andprotection.Foranothertypeofblendconsidertheoils’connectionwithbalanceandthefactthatmostofthemarealsolinkedwithhealing.Athirdandfourthtypeofblendcanbebasedontheprevalentassociationswithabundance,prosperity,andwell-beingaswellasspirituality.Inadditiontosharingmostoftheseassociations,sunflowerasthecarrieroilalsobringsclarityandenergytoboosttheintentionsofblendsmadewithit.

ExtendingtheAsAbove,SoBelowSelectiontoCarrierOils

Althoughcarrieroilsarenotobtainedfromthefullrangeofplantpartsthatweexploredinthepreviouschapter,theycanfitintothismethodofselectingoils.Thetwoplant-partcategoriesforcarrieroilsarefruitandseeds.

Table7.2OilsandPlantParts

CarrierOils

EssentialOils

OilsfromFruit(AsAbove)

avocado,jojoba,olive bergamot,grapefruit,juniper,litsea,lemon,lime,mandarin,orange,staranise

OilsfromSeeds(SoBelow)

almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflower

anise,caraway,cardamom,carrot,celery,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel(sweet),nutmeg,parsley

Fruit represents manifestation and achievement. Blends of fruit oils areinstrumentalforincreasingwhatyouhaveandmanifestingwhatyouseek.Thiscategory has three carrier oils, all of which provide strong support for theseintentions. Blends from these oils are also good for instilling a sense ofconfidence and happiness. They support the ability to banish negativitywhilebuildinglong-lastingcomfortandabundance.YoumayalsowanttoexplorehowthesecarrieroilsworkwithotherAsAboveoils.Thecategoryofseedsincludeskernelsandnuts.Asmentionedintheprevious

chapter, seeds symbolize thewheel of the year as a fulcrum that balances thedualityof theworld.Themagicalassociationsof theseplantpartsalso includecycles, changes, and transitions as well as beginnings. The carrier oils fromseedssupporttheseconnectionswhilesharingothers.LikethebotanicalfamilyRosaceae,carriersoutnumbertheessentialoils,givingusplentyofchoices.All of the oils—essential and carrier—in the seed category are powerful for

blendsfocusedoncreatingasolid,safehomeenvironment.Theyshareat leastone of the following associations: abundance, blessings, healing, home/family,money,peace,prosperity,protection,andwell-being.Withveryfewexceptionsthese oils relate to astral and psychicwork, andmany forms of prophecy anddivination,includingdreamworkandclairvoyance.Theyarealsopowerfulalliesfor breaking hexes and supportingmagic in general. The seed oils also aid inconnectingwithspirits.Almostanycombinationoftheseoilswillenhanceandsupportthiswork.

Seed oils also relate strongly to affairs of the heart and sex.They cover therange from affection and attraction to desire, lust, and passion. Marriage,fertility,andfidelityarealsoassociatedwiththem,asaremagicrelatingtoloveandpassion.Asmembersoftheseedcategory,thesecarrieroilsaresupportiveof all the essential oils inboth theAsAboveandSoBelowgroups.Youmaywanttoexplorethemfurtherwhenworkingwithplantparts.

SampleBlendAsmentionedearlier,thefiveoilsfromtheRosaceaebotanicalfamilycancreateawonderful blend for love spells. Because they all come from roses, the twoessential oils and rosehip carrier oil share the associations of affection, sexualattraction, fidelity, happiness, love, and magic. Almond is linked specificallywithlovemagicaswellastruelove,beauty,andjoy.Alsoassociatedwithlove,apricotisfurtherconnectedwithincreasingpassionaswellasbindinglovers.Inadditiontohavingthebotanicalfamilyincommon,bothroseessentialoils

arealsomembersofthefloralscentgroup.DamaskisatopnoteandMarocisamiddletobasenote,andtogethertheycreateanicelittlebouquetofroses.

LovePotionNumber5Rose(Damask):2dropsRose(Maroc):2dropsAlmond,apricot,androsehipcarrieroils:5mleach

Thiscreatesa1%dilution,whichisperfectforanointingonoraroundtheface.

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SummaryIhopethissojournintoaromaticalchemyandtheworldof

scenthasprovidedyouwithknowledgeandinspiration.Aswe

haveseen,theuseofperfumeryhasbeenanintegralpartofspiritualandmagicalpracticessincetheearliest

civilizations.Peoplelongagodiscoveredthatthegreenworldprovidedmorethanfood—italsogiftedhumanswithamazingflavorsandaromas.Thesesimpleaspectsofplantsnotonlyenricheverydaylifebutalsotouchoursouls.Wealsotookalookatalchemyandlearnedthatitwasmorethanthe

notionofusingwizardryto

transmutemetals.Inthepast,agreatdealofalchemywasfocusedonthemedicinalandspiritualusesofplants.Dealingwithplantsandthesoul,aromaticalchemycan

bringthepowerofthegreenworldtoourspiritualandmagical

practices.

Withtheabilitytobringmemoriesandpastfeelingstotheforefront,scentisanallyforaccessingotherrealms.Itsupportspsychicworkonsomanylevelsandprovidesaccesstosomethingbeyondourselvesthatresultsinmoremeaningfulmagicandritual.Scentalsooffersabridgebetweenthesepracticesandmundaneactivities,helpingustointegrateallpartsoftheself.Ithelpsusbringthatspecialpartofwhoweare in ritualout into theworld,makinguswholeand inmanycaseshealingusaswell.AsImentionedatthebeginningofthisbook,Iliketoknowthehowandwhy

of what I’m doing. I want to understand things, which is why we started bylearning the difference between an essential oil and other aromatic extracts.Examininghowoilsareproducedhelpsusmakeinformeddecisionsaboutwhichproducts we want to use. In addition, knowing the nitty-gritty of measuring,mixing,andassessingoilblendsprovidesuswiththefundamentalbasicsthatwecanbuildon.Whiletherearenohardandfastrulesforblendingscents,welookedatsome

of the guidelines to help us choose and experimentwisely.Understanding the

importanceofbotanicalnamesandbecomingfamiliarwiththeirmeaninghelpsusidentifytheexactoilthatwewant.Inthebotanicalfamilyselectionmethod,welearnedhowoilsfromrelatedplantstendtoblendnicelytogether.Thisalsogave us a peek at the interconnected relationships of some plants.While thisselectionmethod results in a smaller number of oils fromwhich to choose, ithelps us learn how using indirect magical associations can strengthen andsupportourcoreintentions.Thescentgroupmethodforcreatingoilblendsgaveusanotherperspectiveon

therelationshipsbetweenplants.Wealsolearnedaboutthevariouswaysscentshavebeencategorized.Fromthefourgroupsrelatingtoolfactorynervestotheplethoraof18devisedbyperfumerEugeneRimmel,wefoundthatusingabasicgroupofsixalignsmorecloselywiththenaturalworld.Usingcategoriessuchaswoody, herbaceous, floral, spicy, resinous, and citrus is straightforward andmeaningful.Notonlydoes the scentgroupmethodwiden thepoolofoils fromwhich to

choose,italsogivesusthreewaysofworkingwiththegroups.Wecanblendoilswithin their scent group, or combine two neighboring groups or two oppositegroups, tocreateanynumberofblends thatsuitourpurposesandnoses.Fromanotherviewpoint,workingwiththesacrednumberthree,anditsmultiples,setsthestageformagicalpurposes.Threewaystoblendsixscentgroupsresultsintheverymagicalnumberninetosupportouraromaticalchemy.Fromscentgroupswemovedontoperfumenotes.Althoughrelatingscentsto

musicalscalesbeganwithSeptimusPiesse,itwasWilliamPoucherwhorefinedand streamlined it into the three notes popularly used today. This providedanotheruniquewaytocombinescentsandgaveusanadditionalwayofrelatingto plants. Startingwith three oils (sacred three again)—one from each note—helpsuslearntheuniquepropertiesoftheoilsandhowtheyfunctionwitheachother.Withthisunderstandingwecanbranchoutandexplorehowmoreoilscanaddnewdimensionstoablendwhileprovidingpowerfulmagicalsupport.ThefourthmethodforcreatingablendwasonethatIdevised.Afteryearsof

workingwith various parts of plants to enhancemy rituals andmagicwork, Iclassifiedessentialoilsaccordinglyandbegantocreateblendsbasedontheplantpart fromwhichoilswereextracted. Just aswith thebotanical familymethod,

thispresentsasmallgroupofoilsfromwhichtochoose.However,ratherthanseeingthisasalimitation,Iusedittostrengthenmyvisionandplanning.Asaresult,Ihavebeenprofoundlymovedandgratifiedbythewaythishasdeepenedmywork.And then,of course, it’s fun to combinedifferentplant-part oils forvarious purposes. This exploration expands my creativity and helps topersonalizeeachblend.Ifeelthatthroughthisbookthecarrieroilsarefinallygiventheattentionand

respect they deserve. Too many sources first recommend picking up anyvegetable oil at the supermarket and then gloss over themagical aspects. It’sreallyashame,becausepayingattentiontothequalityandthemagicalpotentialofcarrieroilsenhancesandbringssomuchenergytoablend.In the oil profiles that follow in Section Two, you will find detailed

informationabouttheoilsaswellastheplantsfromwhichtheyareextracted.Inadditiontophysicaldescriptions,historicalbackgroundsareincludedtohelpusconnectwiththeplantsaswellaswithhowpeopleusedtheminthepast.Ithinkthis information can help us develop our own connections for the oils, whichmakesourmagicuniqueandalive.My vision for this book was to present information that would build

confidence for readers to experiment with creating unique blends whileexploring thegreenworld.While themethodsdetailed inSectionOnemaybequicklymastered,myintentionforSectionTwoandtheappendicesistoprovidereference material that will be useful for you in years to come. I hope yourjourneyintoaromaticalchemyinspiresyourcreativity,furthersyourmagic,andhelpstodeepenyourspiritualpractices.

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TheEssentialOilsallspice:berryoilallspice:leafoilamyrisangelica:rootoilangelica:seedoilanise

benzoin

bergamotbirch,whitecajeput

camphor

cananga

caraway

cardamom

carrotcassia:barkoilcassia:leafoilcatnipcedarwood,Atlascedarwood,Virginiacelerychamomile,Germanchamomile,Romancinnamon:barkoilcinnamon: leafoilcitronella

clarysageclove:budoilclove:leafoilcoriander

cypressdill:leafoildill:seedoilelemieucalyptus,bluegumeucalyptus,lemonfennel,bitterfennel,sweetfir,balsam:needle oil fir, balsam: resin oil fir, silver: cone oil fir, silver: needle oilfrankincensegalangal

galbanumgeranium,roseginger

grapefruit

helichrysum

hyssop

jasmine

juniper

labdanum

lavandinlavender,spikelavender,truelemon

lemonbalmlemongrass,EastIndianlemongrass,WestIndianlime:peeloillime:wholefruitoillitsealovage:leafandstalkoillovage:rootoilmandarin

marjoram

mugwort

myrtle

neroli

niaouli

nutmeg

oakmoss

opopanaxorange,bitterorange,sweetoregano

palmarosa

parsley

patchoulipepper,blackpeppermint

petitgrainpine,Scotchrose,Damaskrose,Maroc

rosemarysage,commonsage,Spanishsandalwoodsavory,summersavory,wintersnakeroot

spearmint

spikenardspruce,hemlockstaranise

storax

tagetes

tarragon

teatree

turmeric

valerian

vetiver

yarrowylang-ylang

TheCarrierOilsalmond,sweetapricot

avocado

borage

camellia

cranberry

eveningprimroseflax

hazelnut

jojoba

pomegranate

rosehip

sesame

sunflower

CHAPTER8

EssentialOilProfiles

AllspiceBotanicalName:Pimentaofficinalis,syn.P.dioicaFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Jamaicanpepper,myrtlepepper,pimenta,pimentoberryorleafAllspicecomesfromanevergreentreewithleatheryleaves,clustersofsmall,whiteflowers,andtiny,greenberriesthatturnbrownastheyripen.ThegenusnamePimentacomesfromtheSpanishpimientaforblackpepperbecausethedriedberriesresemblepeppercorns.ThenameallspicewasgivenbyEnglish

botanistJohnRay(1627–1705),whodescribeditastastinglikeacombinationofclove,cinnamon,andnutmeg.AlthoughChristopherColumbusiscreditedwithdiscoveringallspicein1494,itwasusedbytheMayansforcenturiesasan

ingredientintheembalmingprocess.IndigenoustotheWestIndiesandSouthAmerica,allspicewasintroducedintoEuropeinthe1500sandreachedEnglandaround1600.Todayallspiceisoftenusedasa“pepper”infive-pepperblends.

OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareobtainedthroughsteamdistillation.The oil from the leaves is yellowish-red to brownish and has a sweet-spicy

scent.Strength:5Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

Warning:maycauseskinirritationTheoilfromtheberriesispaleyellowwithasweet,warm,spicyscent.Strength:5Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Fruit

Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesAllspiceisanoilofattractionandenergy(leafoil).Itcanbeemployedtoattractgood luck, money, and love. Its association with spirituality and purificationmakesallspiceagoodchoiceforconsecratingamulets,altars,andritualspace.Allspice is a powerful energy raiser, especially for magic. Use it in elementmagicaswellastomanifestabundance(berryoil).Othermagicalusesincludecommunication, courage, determination, friends/friendship, growth (leaf oil),healing, kindness, power, prosperity, purpose (leaf oil), strength, and success(berryoil).

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,ScorpioSolarSystem:MarsElements:air (leafoil),earth, fire,

water(berryoil)Celebration:SamhainAmyrisBotanicalName:AmyrisbalsamiferaFamily:RutaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

candlewood,torchwood,WestIndiansandalwoodAmyriswasformerlyknownasWestIndiansandalwoodoiluntil1886,whenitwasdiscoveredtohaveno

relationtothetruesandalwood(Santalumalbum).Amyris’sresinouswoodmadeitusefulinthepastforlighting,whichisthesourceofitsnamescandlewoodandtorchwood.NativetotheWestIndiesandSouthAmerica,amyrisisasmall,bushytreewithcompoundleaves(leafletsalongastem)andclustersofsmall,

whiteflowers.

OilandBlendingInformationA pale yellow oil is steam-distilled from the wood and branches. Its scent iswoodyandcedar-likewithwarm,vanillaundertones.Strength:2ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:SoBelow/WoodandBark

MagicalUsesAmyriscanbedescribedasOtherworldlybecauseitsupportsworkintheastralrealm. It opens the doorwaybetween the conscious and subconscious areas ofthemind, stimulatingmemories and increasingcreativity aswell as enhancingdreamandpast-lifework.Amyrisaidsinreleasingmisconceptionsandnegativethoughts,paving thewayforself-acceptance,growth,and transformation.Thisoilisinstrumentalinattuningtothecyclesofthenaturalworldandmoonenergyaswellaspersonalrhythms.Amyrisisalsoassociatedwithbalance,protection,purpose,andstrength.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Moon,VenusElement:earthAngelicaBotanicalName:AngelicaarchangelicaFamily:ApieceaeAlsoKnownAs:

angelicherb,archangel,gardenangelicaGrowinguptosixfeettall,angelica’spurplestemssupportlargeleavesandumbels(umbrella-shapedclusters)of

greenish-whiteflowers.Ihaveangelicainacornerofmygarden,whereitaddsanexoticaccent.InmedievalLatinitwascalledherbaangelica(angelicherb)becauseitwasbelievedtobepowerfulenoughtoprotectagainsttheplague,enchantments,andevilspirits.NativetoEurope,thenameangelicamayhavecomefromtheGreekangelos,meaning“messenger.”18AngelicawasusedinspellsandritualsaswellaswornforprotectionagainstevilspiritsandWitches.Thisherbwasbelievedtobeespeciallyusefulagainstdarkmagic.OvertimetheuseofangelicawasadaptedfromPaganfestivalsintoChristiancelebrationsofSaintMichael.Itwasaprizedmedicinalherbforcenturiesandavaluable

commodityduringtheRenaissance(circa1400–1600).

OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationisusedtoobtaintwooils.Theoilfromtherhizome(atypeofroot)iscolorlessorpaleyellowandturns

yellow-brownwithage.Ithasarichandherbaceous,earthyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: So

Below/RootsWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;diabeticsshouldavoid;causesphotosensitivityTheoilfromtheseedsiscolorlessandhasaherbaceous,earthyscentwithaspicyhint.Strength:4ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middle to topPlantPart:AsAbove

andSoBelow/SeedsWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;diabeticsshouldavoidMagicalUsesFirst and foremost angelica is a protector, a guardian angel so to speak. Itprotects against and can break hexes and spells, and is useful in protectingagainstandbanishingevil.Angelicaalsoprovidesprotectionduringdreamworkanddivination.ItisassociatedwiththeOtherworld(rootoil),stability(rootoil),andlongevity.Itcanbreakupandclearawaynegativeenergy,providingpsychicprotectionduringchanneling.Angelicaisalsohelpfulindealingwithproblemsandmanifestingwhatyouseek. Inprovidingspiritual support,angelicaaids inlisteningtohigherselfforinspiration,growth,healing,andknowledge.Theseedoilisespeciallyhelpfulforbalance,beginnings,changes,andrenewal.Therootoil is helpful with grounding energy and keeping secrets. Angelica isinstrumental inangelandelementmagic,andis idealforconsecratinganaltar,ritual, andmagic tools.Angelica is also associatedwith beauty, cycles, peace,power,purification,stimulation,strength,andsuccess.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,LeoSolarSystem:SunCelebrations:Beltane,Imbolc,Samhain,

WalpurgisElements:earth(rootoil),fire(seedoil)Goddess:VenusAniseBotanicalName:Pimpinellaanisum,syn.AnisumofficinalisFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:aniseed,sweetcuminNativetoEgypt,anisewasalsocultivatedthereandusedmedicinallyforabout4000years.Itisanerectherbwithfeatheryleavesandumbelsofdelicatewhitetoyellowflowers.TheancientGreeksandRomansusedaniseafterdinnercakestoaiddigestion.Itwasahighlyprized

commoditytotheRomans,whoactuallyusedtheseedstopaytheirtaxes.GreekphilosopherTheophrastus(372–288BCE),whobecameknownasthefatherofbotany,notedthataniseseedsbyone’sbedatnightresultedinsweetdreams.Today,inadditiontoculinaryandmedicinalpurposes,itisusedtoflavor

liqueurssuchasanisetteandBenedictine.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the seeds produces a pale yellow oil with a spicy-sweet,liquorice-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above and So

Below/SeedsWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;use inmoderation;maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesAniseisapowerfulallyfordivinationanddreamwork.Itaidsindevelopingandincreasing psychic abilities, especially clairvoyance, and offers psychicprotection, particularly when dealing with the Otherworld. This protectionextendstobanishingevilandclearingnegativeenergy.Aniseisinstrumentalinstimulating themind, heightening awareness, attracting spirits, and connectingwithotherrealms.Aniseisassociatedwithpurificationandconsecrationaswellasattractingblessingstothehome.Useittodealwithemotions,loss,andlove.Anise is associated with fertility, growth, sexuality, and marriage. It isinstrumentalwheninitiatingchangeforrenewalandstartingover.Aniseisalsoassociatedwithbalance,cycles,happiness,luck,money,andwell-being.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Gemini, Leo, Pisces, Sagittarius Celebration: Walpurgis

SolarSystem:Jupiter,Mars,MercuryElements:air,fireGoddess:HecateGods:Apollo,Mercury

BasilBotanicalName:OcimumbasilicumFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonbasil,Frenchbasil,sweetbasilBasil’sspeciesnamecomesfromacombinationoftheGreekwordsbasileus,meaning“king,”andbasilokos,

meaning“royal.”19TotheGreeksbasilwasthekingofplantsandaningredientintheoilusedtoanointsovereigns.BasilwreathshavebeenfoundinEgyptian

tombs,andinlatercenturiesitwasusedinfuneraryritesthroughouttheMediterraneanregion.First-centuryGreekphysicianDioscoridesnotedinhis

MateriaMedicathatbasilcounteredthestingofscorpions.IntheMiddleAgesitwasthoughttoprotectagainstscorpions,andbythenineteenthcenturyitwasassociatedwiththezodiacsignofScorpio.BasilwasusedasastrewingherbscatteredonfloorstocleartheairaswellastoprotectahomeagainstWitches.InItalyitsymbolizedloveandwasthoughttobeanaphrodisiac.IndigenoustoAfricaandAsia,basilhasshiny,ovalleavesandwhorlsofsmall,whiteflowers.

OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves and flower tops are steam-distilled, producing a colorless or paleyellowoil.Ithasaherbaceous,sweet-spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As

Above/LeavesandFlowersWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;avoiduseifyouhave epilepsy or other seizure disorder; use in moderation; may cause skinirritationMagicalUsesBasil aids divination skills and is instrumental in developing psychic abilities,especially clairvoyance. It is alsoused for psychic protection.Stimulating andrefreshing,basilbringsclarityfordecision-makingaswellasdeterminingone’spurpose in life. Basil bolsters courage for defense and success. In addition, itengendersasenseofhappiness,confidence,andstrength.Basilpromoteshealthyrelationships,smoothingproblemsbetweenlovers,particularlywherefidelityisconcerned.Useittoattractloveaswellastoreleasehexesandbanishnegativity.Basilalsoaidsinhonoringandrememberingthedeadandeasingsorrow.Itsuseinangel,defensive,andelementmagicisboostedbyitsassociationwithdragonenergy.Basilisanherbofthehome,protectingitagainstevilentities,attractingblessings,comfort,luck,peace,andprosperity.Thisherbisalsoassociatedwithtrust, concentration, and healing. For couples, basil helps with sexual issues,manifestingdesires,fertility,andincreasingvitality.Othermagicalassociationsarebalance,beauty,changes,friendship,growth,money,andpurification.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,Leo, ScorpioSolarSystem:Mars, Pluto,VenusElements: air,

fireCelebration:ImbolcGoddesses:Erzulie,LakshmiGods:Krishna,VishnuBayBotanicalName:LaurusnobilisFamily:LauraceaeAlsoKnownAs:baylaurel,sweetbay,truebayBayisanevergreentreewithleatheryleaves,smallyellowflowers,andshinyblackberries.NativetotheMediterranean,itsgenusnamecomesfromtheLatinlaurus,meaning“topraise,”andnobilis,meaning

“famous.”20ItwascustomaryforancientGreeksandRomanstopraisepeopleofaccomplishmentwithcrownsoflaurel.TotheGreeks,laurelwasconsidereda

powerfulsupportfordivinationandprophecy,whiletotheRomansitsymbolizedwisdom.InGreekmythologythegoddessDaphnetransformed

herselfintoalaureltreetoavoidtheadvancesofApollo.LaurelmayhavebeenusedbyDelphicoraclestostrengthentheirpowersofprophecy.Fromancient

timesthroughtheMiddlesAgesandRenaissance,itwasusedmedicinallyandasastrewingherb.

OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves and branchlets are steam-distilled, producing a greenish-yellow oilwithafresh,herbaceousandslightlycamphoraceousscent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: So

Below/Twigs and Leaves Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may causesensitization;useinmoderationMagicalUsesBay aids in prophetic dreaming, divination, and clairvoyance. It increasespsychic powers and its purification properties provide protection during thiswork.Italsoclearsandprotectsthehomefromnegativity.Usethisoiltobuildmagicalenergy,consecratesacredspace,enhancedefensivemagic,andremovehexes. Bay supports courage and determination when seeking justice. Itimproves memory and augments concentration, bringing clarity and inspiringcreativity as well as spiritual growth. Bay is also associated with awareness,inspiration, and intuition. It supports longevity inmarriage and success whendealingwithproblems.Alsousebaytoconnectwithfairies.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Gemini, Leo, Pisces Solar System: Sun Elements: air, fire

Celebrations:Litha,SaturnaliaGoddesses:Artemis,Ceres,Daphne,Fides,GaiaGods:Adonis,Apollo,Asclepius,Balder,Buddha,Cernunnos,Helios,Mars,RaBenzoinBotanicalName:StyraxbenzoinFamily:StyracaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Benjamintree,gumBenjamin,styraxbenzoinBenzoinhasbeenusedmedicinallyinthe

FarEastforthousandsofyears.Inaddition,itwasburnedasincenseinBuddhistandHindutemplestoelevatespiritualawarenessandfosterreceptivenessfordivineinspiration.IntheMiddleAgesitwasbelievedtobanishevilspiritsandavertdemons.TodayitisaningredientinAyurvedictreatmentsandinFriar’sBalsam,awarmingtinctureusedtofightcoldsandtheflu.Nativetotropical

Asia,thisshrubby,deciduoustreehasclustersofwhite,bell-shapedflowersandpointed,ovalleaves.

OilandBlendingInformationSolventextractionisusedonbenzoingumtoproduceanorange-brownoilthathasasweet-balsamic,slightlywoody,vanilla-likescent.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:SoBelow/Resins

Warning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesBenzoinisapowerfulallyformagic.Itcanincreasetherateofsuccessforspellsaswellasbreakhexes.Useittoattractmoney,comfort,andsuccessaswellasfor protection. Benzoin is effective for clearing negativity—especially in thehome—to make way for prosperity. Powerful purification properties make itgood for ritual preparation and altar consecration. It awakens the mind forinspirationandreachinghigherlevelsofconsciousness.Usebenzoinforfocusaswell as psychic protection during astral projection and channeling.Benzoin isalso associated with the emotions, healing, and the ability to banish anythingunwanted.Alsouseitmagicallyforstrength,vitality,andwisdom.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Gemini,Leo,Scorpio,TaurusSolarSystem:Mars,Mercury,

Sun,VenusElements:air,water

BergamotBotanicalName:Citrusbergamiasyn.C.aurantiumvar.bergamiaFamily:RutaceaeBergamotisbelievedtobeahybridofthelemon(Citruslimon)andbitterorange(Citrusaurantium)treesandhasbeenknowntogrowintheMediterraneanregionsincetheearly1700s.Ithasfragrantwhiteflowers,

smoothovalleaves,andyellowfruitthatresembleoranges.ItsnameisbelievedtohavecomefromthecityofBergamoinnorthernItaly,wheredistillationofits

oilmayhaveoriginated.Alternatively,thenamemayhavecomefromtheTurkishwordbeg-armudu,whichmeans“prince’spear.”21Bergamothasbeenusedinperfumerysincetheeighteenthcentury.Oneofitsculinaryusesprovides

thedistinctiveflavorofEarlGreytea.

OilandBlendingInformationThe fruit peel is cold-pressed, producing a light greenish-yellow oil with asweet-fruity,slightlyfloralscent.Strength:2ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: AsAbove/FruitWarning:

causesphotosensitivityMagicalUsesUse bergamot for protection, especially psychic protection when dark powersseemtocastshadowsoverlife.Alsouseittoovercomeorremovehexes.Thisoil aids in letting go of toxic emotions, restoring peace after a quarrel, andencouraginghappiness.Italsohelpstoopenawarenessfordreamwork.Employbergamot in spells to aid in legal matters as well as attract luck, money, andprosperity. It is a good oil for divination and spirit communication. Bergamothelps focus energy formanifesting success andwealth.Use it for control andstrength when dealing with problems. Bergamot is also associated withconfidence,courage,kindness,love,andwell-being.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Gemini,VirgoSolarSystem:Saturn,SunElements:earth, fire,water

Birch,WhiteBotanicalName:BetulaalbaFamily:BetulaceaeAlsoKnownAs:European

whitebirch,ladyofthewoods,paperbirch,silverbirchAccordingtoonetheory,thenamebirchmayhavebeenderivedfromtheSanskritbhurga,whichmeans“atreewhosebarkisusedforwritingupon.”22Thisslendertreeismostnotedforitssilvery-whitebarkthatpeelsoffinsheets.Birchhaspointed,ovalleavesandproducesbothmaleandfemalecatkins.ItwasusedmedicinallythroughoutEuropeforcenturies,andinRussiaitwasasymbolofhealth,cleansing,andpurification.Birchwasatraditionalwoodforbobbinsandbroomhandles,andeventuallyitbecameaffiliatedwithWitches.InwesternEngland,crossesmadeofbirchtwigswerehungoverdoorwaystoprotectagainstenchantment.Becauseofitsassociationwithfairies,itwasusedfordecorationsonMayDay,andinWalesbirchtreetrunkswereoftenusedasMaypoles.Itis,ofcourse,an

ingredientinbirchbeer.

OilandBlendingInformationThe leafbudsaresteam-distilled toproduceapaleyellowoil. Ithasawoody,balsamicscent.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: base Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesBirchisoneoftheclassicninewoodsthatweregatheredforritualfires.Useittoclear negativity before ritual and for protection duringmagic work. It is alsouseful for purification and attracting abundance. As a symbol of birth andrenewal,birchhelpsuslearnfromthepastwhenmakingafreshstart.Employitfordivination,lovespells,andtoattractfairies.Birchaidsinopeningthemindandexpandingawarenesstoreceiveinspiration,blessings,andwisdom.Itisalsoassociated with creativity, intuition, and spirits. Use birch to aid in personalgrowth,healing,andgeneralwell-being.Whenusedfor focusingenergy,birchbringsclarityandopensthewayforknowledgeandfindingone’spurposeinlife.Itisalsoassociatedwithdefense,determination,fertility,security,andstability.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Capricorn,SagittariusSolarSystem: Jupiter,Moon,Sun,VenusCelebrations:Beltane,Ostara,Yule

Elements: air, waterGoddesses: Arianrhod, Cerridwen, Freya, Frigg, KupulaGods:Angus,theDagda,Lugh,ThorCajeputBotanicalName:Melaleucacajeputi,syn.M.leucadendronFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:paperbarktree,swampteatree,whiteteatree,whitewood

Reachingaheightof130feet,thistreehaspalegreen,pointedleavesandspikesofwhiteflowerclusters.Cajeput’sdistinguishingcharacteristicisitswhitish

barkthateasilyflakesandpeels.ItgrowswildinSoutheastAsia,thePhilippines,andAustralia,whereitisindigenous.Duringthe1600s,theDutchintroduceditintoEurope,whereitbecamepartofthepharmacist’sarsenalfor

manycenturies.

OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationoftheleavesandtwigsproducesapaleyellow-greenoil.Thescentisfresh,camphoraceous,andslightlyfruity.Strength:3ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:SoBelow/Twigs

andLeavesWarning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesAlthoughcajeputisnotwidelyusedinmagicandritual,itcanprovidebalanceand stabilitywhen combinedwith other oils.Cajeput stimulates themind andstrengthens courage. It aids in creative and sexual expression as well astransformation.This oil helpsbuildor rebuild a solid senseof self for growthand healing. Cajeput is also associated with determination, protection, andsecurity.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:SaturnElements:earth,fireCamphorBotanicalName:CinnamomumcamphoraFamily:LauraceaeAlsoKnownAs:laurelcamphor,truecamphor,whitecamphorWhiletheancientJapanese

believedthatthistreehadpowerovertheelements,theBuddhistsandTaoistsinChinaplantedcamphoraroundtheirtemplesforpurification.Inthethirteenth

century,MarcoPolonotedthatcamphoroilwasaprizedmedicinalandembalmingingredientintheEast,andbythelateseventeenthcenturyitwas

usedmedicinallythroughoutEurope.NativetoJapanandTaiwan,camphorisanevergreenwithleavesthatstartoutredbutturndarkgreenovertime.Itssmall,

whiteflowersgrowinclusters,anditsoval-shapedberriesarered.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the wood and bark of camphor produces three fractions orgrades of oil.White is the lightest, brown is themiddle, andyellow,which isbluish-greenoryellowincolor,istheheaviest.Thebrownandyellowgradesaretoxicaswellascarcinogenicandshouldbeavoided.Whitecamphoriscolorlesstopaleyellowwithasharpanddistinctivescentcalledcamphoraceous.Strength:5ScentGroup:resinousPerfumeNote:middletotopPlant Part: So Below/Wood and Bark Warnings: avoid during pregnancy;

avoid if you have epilepsy or other seizure disorder; not compatible withhomeopathictreatment;useinmoderationMagicalUsesCamphorhasstrongcleansingandbanishingpropertiesthatareinstrumentalinclearing away negative energy. It is especially good for clearing the home.Camphor’s power to subdue sexual desire can be useful after ending arelationshipaswellaswhencelibacyorchastityaredesired.Useit toincreaseand strengthen psychic power and to enhance divination and dreamwork. It issupportive for moon and element magic. Camphor aids in keeping the mindfocused in the present as well as awakening past-life memories. It can bringemotional clarity when growth and/or healing is sought. Camphor is alsoassociatedwithbalance,cycles,protection,purpose,andstrength.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Pisces Solar System: Moon Elements: air, earth, water

Goddess:KuanYinTheCanangaOilsBotanicalFamily:AnnonaceaeCanangatreesaretropicalevergreensfromAsiawithlance-shapedleavesandlargeflowersthatcanbemauve,pink,oryellow.Whilethetreethatproducesylang-ylangisavarietyofthecananga,itsoilis

consideredsuperior.Thatsaid,canangaisaniceoilinitsownrightthatisoftenusedasasubstituteforylang-ylangbecauseitislessexpensive.

CanangaBotanicalName:CanangaodorataThespeciesnamemeans“fragrant”or

“sweet-smelling.”DuringtheVictorianera(1837–1901),oilfromthecanangawasusedasahairtreatmentcalledMacassaroil.

OilandBlendingInformationTheflowersaresteam-distilled,producingagreenish-yellowoil.Ithasasweet,floral,andslightlywoodyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:floralPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:AsAbove/FlowersWarning:possiblesensitizationYlang-YlangBotanicalName:Canangaodoratavar.genuineAlsoknownas:theflowerofflowersYlang-ylangisafloweroftraditions.IntheSouthPacific,ylang-ylang

flowersarestrungtogethertomakethefamousnecklacescalledleis.InIndonesia,ylang-ylangflowersaresprinkledacrosstheweddingbedtoensurea

sweetfirstnight.

OilandBlendingInformationAcolorless topaleyellowoil isproducedbysteamorwaterdistillationof theflowers.Ithasaslightlyspicy,sweet,floralscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:floralPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:AsAbove/FlowersWarning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUses

Theseoilspromotepositiveenergyandhelpbringpeaceandbeautytothehome.They stimulate intuition and promote creativity. Ideal for divination, they alsoaid in dreamwork and communicationwith spirits. These oils provide a greatdeal of supportive energy during times of transition and exploration of one’sdeeper spirituality. They are effective in spells to attract a lover, heightensensuality,andtoattractattention.Usethemforfairymagicandtoattractfairies.Theseoilsarealsoassociatedwithbalance,determination,fertility,healing,andthehome.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Pisces, Taurus Solar System: Mercury, Moon, Venus Elements: air,

earth,waterGods:Elegua,Obalata,OggunCarawayBotanicalName:CarumcarviFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoknownas:cariumNativetoEuropeandwesternAsia,carawayisanherbwithridgedstems,featheryleaves,andumbelsofwhiteflowers.Carawayseedshavehadculinaryandmedicinalusessinceancienttimes.TheywerepopularwiththeEgyptians,Greeks,andRomansandlaterthroughoutEuropeandtheMiddleEast.

AccordingtotheRomannaturalistandphilosopherPliny(23–79CE),theplantwasnamedfortheCariaregioninAsiaMinor.23InEuropetherewasabeliefthatanythingcontainingcarawaycouldnotbetaken,whichresultedinasaying,“Feedyourlovercarawayandhecannotbestolenfromyou.”24Extendingthatfurther,peoplefedtheirchickens,pigeons,andgeesecarawayseedstokeep

themfromwanderingoff.Carawaywasalsousedasamultifunctionalprotectoragainstevilspirits.

OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationoftheseedsproducesacolorlessorpaleyellowtoyellowish-brownoil.Thescentissweet-spicyandwarm.Strength:5ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsWarning:maycauseskinirritation

MagicalUsesCaraway is effective when there is a problem in keeping or retaining things,including magical tools as well as secrets. While caraway is effective inpreventing the loss of a lover, it can also help renew a relationship. It isinstrumentalinstimulatingcycles,increasingluck,andmaintainingwell-being.Usecarawaytorestoreconfidence,encouragefidelity,andtoinitiatechanges.Itis effective in sex and elementmagic aswell as dreamwork.Caraway is alsoassociatedwithfertility,luck,memories,themind,protection,andrenewal.

CorrespondencesZodiac:GeminiSolarSystem:MercuryElements:air,fireCardamomBotanicalName:ElettariacardamomumFamily:ZingiberaceaeAlsoKnownAs:cardamomi,IndianspiceplantCardamomisoneoftheoldest-knownspicesand

hasbeenusedmedicinallyforover3,000yearsinChinaandIndia.TheEgyptiansuseditforperfumes,whiletheGreeksfavoreditforculinaryand

medicinalpurposes.ItsspeciesandcommonnamescomefromtheGreeknamefortheplant.25Today,itisstillextensivelyusedasaspiceaswellasaflavoringforcoffeeandliqueurs.NativetotropicalAsia,cardamomhaslance-likeleavesandyellowish-whiteflowersthataremarkedwithastrikingmauveveinpattern.

Thisherbcangrowupto15feettall.

OilandBlendingInformationAcolorless topaleyellowoil isproducedbysteamdistillationof theseeds. Ithasawarm,sweet-spicyscentwithawoodyundertone.Strength:4Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So

Below/SeedsMagicalUsesCardamomupliftsthemind,aidingconcentration,creativity,anddivination.Itissaidtobeanaphrodisiacthatincreasessexualappetiteandmakesalovermorepassionate.Cardamomalsoincreasesloveandstrengthenspartnerships.Useittoboostsexmagicaswellasstimulatedesiresandlust.Thisoilpromoteshealingby coming into balance. It boosts confidence and courage through clarity ofpurpose.Cardamomisalsoassociatedwithbeginningsandcycles.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Cancer, Pisces, TaurusSolar System: Venus Elements: earth,

fire,waterGoddesses:Erzulie,Hecate

CarrotBotanicalName:DaucuscarotaFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:bee’snest,bird’snest,QueenAnne’slace,wildcarrotThecommonnamesofbee’snestandbird’snestcomefromthetendencyoftheflowerheadtocurveupward,formingabasket.NativetoEurope,Asia,andnorthernAfrica,wildcarrothasathree-foot-tall,erectstem,featheryleaves,andflat,greenseeds.Althoughitsfleshy,orangerootismuchsmallerthantoday’scultivatedcarrot,itwasacommonfoodforancientGreeksandRomans.WhentheplantwasintroducedintoBritaininthesixteenthcentury,theflowersandleavesbecamepopularhairaccessories.Thelargeflowerheadactuallyconsistsofnumeroustiny,whiteflowerswitha

redorpurpleoneatthecenter.Accordingtolegend,thecenterflowersymbolizedadropofbloodfromQueenAnne(1665–1714),whoprickedher

fingerwhilemakinglace.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the seeds produces a yellow or amber-colored oil with aherbaceous,woody-earthy,andslightlyspicyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAboveandSo

Below/SeedsMagicalUsesThis humble plant is associated with sex—ranging from male fertility toconception to heightening lust. Use this oil for sexmagic as well as elementmagic. Carrot is also instrumental for purifying ritual space and clearingnegativity ingeneral.Employ it to initiatechangeandbringrenewal.Carrot isalsoassociatedwithbalance,beginnings,cycles,andhealing.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mars,MercuryElements:earth, fireCassia:See theCinnamon

CatnipBotanicalName:NepetacatariaFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:catmint,catnep,cat’sfancy,cat’splay,cat’swort,fieldbalmApopularculinaryand

medicinalherbindigenoustoEurope,catnip’sgenusnamecomesfromthetownofNepeteinItaly,whereitwasusedforcooking.26Inpre-ElizabethanEngland,catnipwaspopularasanafternoontea—moreforeconomicreasonsthantaste.HerbalistCulpeperrecommendedmixingitwithwineasaremedyforsomeailments.Catnipisaperennialherbwithheart-shaped,grayish-greenleaves.Growingindensewhorls,itswhiteflowersaremarkedwithpurplespots.

OilandBlendingInformationTheflowertopsaresteam-distilledtoproduceapaleyellowtoorangeoil.Ithasaherbaceousscentwithasubduedhintofmint.Strength:4Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As

Above/FlowersMagicalUsesUsecatnipforanimalandelementmagicandtoattractbenevolentspirits. It iseffectiveforincreasingpsychicabilitiesandforbondingpsychicallywithacat.Catnipalsoaidsindreamandpsychicwork.Useittoattractloveandfriendshipaswellasgoodlucktothehome.It isalsohelpful toinvitebeauty,happiness,and peace into your life. Catnip enhances couragewhen called on to provideprotection.Thisoilcanaid inhealingordealingwithproblemsoffertilityandsexuality. Itboostsenergyand increasesvitality.Catnip isalsoassociatedwithawareness,memories,andstrength.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Libra, Pisces Solar System: Venus Elements: air, water

Celebration:SamhainGoddesses:Bast,SekhmetTheCedarwoodOilsCedarshavebeencalledthetreeoflife(ArborVitae),notonlybecauseof theirmajestic stature but also because they provided many essentials of daily life.Technically,Virginiacedarwoodisajuniper;however,becauseofitsscent,itiscalledacedar.

Cedarwood,AtlasBotanicalName:CedrusAtlanticaFamily:PinaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Africancedar,Atlanticcedar,MoroccancedarwoodNativetotheAtlasMountainsofAlgeriaandMorocco,Atlascedarreachesalmost100feetinheightandhasanelegantpyramidshape.ItsgenusnameCedruscomesfromtheArabicwordkedron,meaning“power.”27Egyptiansusedcedarinperfumes,cosmetics,andritualincense.Associatedwithcedar,CedreatiswasanepithetofArtemis,

whoseimagestoodinalargecedartreeoutsidethetownofOrchomenusintheArcadiaregionofGreece.

OilandBlendingInformationThe wood is steam-distilled, producing an oil that is deep amber, yellow, ororangeincolor.Ithasawarm,woody,andslightlyspicyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: So

Below/Wood and Bark Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause skinirritationCedarwood,VirginiaBotanicalName:JuniperusvirginianaFamily:CupressaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

redcedar,easternredcedarIndigenoustoNorthAmerica,thismajesticconiferoustreealsogrowstoabout100feettallandcanhaveatrunkdiameteroverfivefeet.Ithasapyramid-shapedcrownandproducessmall,browncones.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the wood produces a pale yellow or orange oil that is oftencalledAmericanredcedarwoodoil.Ithasaclean,sweet-balsamic,woodyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: So

Below/Wood and Bark Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause skinirritation;useinmoderationMagicalUsesCedarwood stimulates dreamwork and strengthens psychic abilitieswith focusandclarity.Itsupportselementmagic,clairvoyance,andallformsofdivinationwhileofferingpsychicprotection.Associatedwithsacredgrovesandspirituality,cedarwood aids in communicating with spirits. Its purification properties areexcellent for consecratingamulets andcleansingmagic tools.Thesepropertiesalsoserve tobanishhexesandwardoff the intentionsofnegativepeople.Usetheseoilsinspellstoattractloveortokeepaloverfaithful,aswellastoattractluck,money, andwealth.Cedarwood is effectivewhen dealingwith death forproviding comfort and peace as well as finding emotional release. These oilsfoster security and stability by increasing confidence, determination, andcourage. Use them for inspiration when seeking peace of mind. Supportinggrowth and renewal, cedarwood boosts healing, vitality, and longevity.Cedarwoodisalsoassociatedwithfertility,friendship,justice,andsuccess.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Sagittarius, Taurus Solar System: Jupiter, Mercury, Sun

Elements: air, earth, fire, water Celebrations: Beltane, Imbolc, Mabon, YuleGoddesses:Arianrhod,Artemis,Astarte,Brigid,PersephoneGods:Aegir,Baal,Ea,Odin,Osiris,RaCeleryBotanicalName:ApiumgraveolensFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:marshparsley,smallage,wildceleryNativetoBritainandEurope,thisfamiliar

vegetablehaslong,groovedstalks,deeplylobedleaves,andumbelsofwhiteflowers.Celery’sgenusnameisbelievedtohavecomefromanearlyIndo-

Europeanwordfor“water,”whichseemsappropriateastheplantismostoftenfoundinwetsoils.HerbalistNicholasCulpepernotedthatitwasused

medicinallyforarangeofcomplaints.

OilandBlendingInformationA pale yellow to orange-colored oil is produced by steam distillation of theseeds.Ithasasweetandspicy-warmscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:AsAboveandSo

Below/Seeds Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause sensitizationMagicalUsesThis oil is very grounding, which is an asset for bringing mental clarity forpsychicwork,astraltravel,andpropheticdreaming.Celeryalsohelpstoincreaseandhonedivinationskillsaswellasstimulatecreativity.Useitinsexmagictoincreasepassionandfidelity.Thisoilaidsinself-workforhealing,renewal,andcomingintobalancewiththeworldaroundyou.Itcanhelpsparkinspirationforinitiating changes and establishing new beginnings. Celery is also associatedwithcycles,protection,andbreakinghexes.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,MoonElements:air,earth,fire,waterTheChamomile

OilsBotanicalFamily:AsteraceaeThenamechamomilecomesfromtheGreekchamailmelon,meaning“earthapple,”whichdescribesthescentofRomanchamomile.GermanandRomanchamomilehavebeenpopularinEuropean

medicinesinceantiquityandhavebeenusedinterchangeably.Bothplantshavesmall,daisy-likeflowersandfeatheryleaves.

GermanChamomileBotanicalName:Matricariarecutica,syn.M.chamomillaAlsoKnownAs:bluechamomile,Hungarianchamomile,wildchamomileGermanchamomileisan

erectherbwithabranchingstemthatcangrowupto24inchestall.ItitindigenoustoEuropeandnorthwestAsia.DuringtheMiddleAges,Europeans

useditasastrewingherbonfloorstocombatpestsandodor.

OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationoftheflowerheadsproducesaninky-blueessentialoil.Ithasawarm,herbaceous,sweetscent.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As

Above/FlowersWarning:maycauseskinirritationRomanChamomileBotanicalName:Chamaemelumnobilissyn.AnthemisnobilisAlsoKnownAs:Englishchamomile,sweetchamomile,truechamomileRomanchamomileisasmall(10incheshigh),spreadingherbthathasbeenusedmedicinallyforover2,000years.ItisnativetosouthernandwesternEurope.ThewordRomanwasattachedtoitsnamebyGermanphysicianandbotanistJoachimCamerarius

(1534–1598),whofounditgrowingjustoutsidethecityofRome.28TheAnglo-Saxonscalleditamythenandconsidereditoneoftheninesacredherbsof

Woden.

OilandBlendingInformationTheflowerheadsaresteam-distilled,producingapaleblueoilthatturnsyellowwithage.Ithasaherbaceous,sweet,apple-likescent.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers

Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesWell known for physical and emotional healing, chamomile brings clarity andsuccess in communication. It aids in dreamwork and divination, and groundsenergy for psychic work—especially Roman chamomile for channeling.Chamomile supports determination when dealing with problems and providesprotection against hexes. Use these oils in spells to attract beauty, love, luck,money, and prosperity. Additionally, chamomile can be instrumental whenseeking peace, justice, and personal growth. Chamomile also stimulatescreativity, intuition, and spiritual vibrations, and helps manifest desires. Usechamomile to purify and consecrate altars as well as ritual and magic tools.Chamomileisalsoassociatedwithabundance,control,fertility,andsexuality.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Leo Solar System: Sun Elements: air, water Celebrations:

Litha,Walpurgis,YuleGods:Balder,CernunnosTheCinnamonOilsBotanicalFamily:LauraceaeTechnically,camphorcouldbelistedherewithcinnamonandcassiabecauseitsharesthesamegenus,butIchosetoinclude

hereonlythosethatsharethefamiliarcinnamonscent.

CassiaBotanicalName:CinnamomumcassiaAlsoKnownAs:bastardcinnamon,Chinesecinnamon,falsecinnamonThereisaChinesemythaboutagigantic

cassiatree,andanyonewhoateofitbecameimmortal.GreeksandRomansusedcassiaasaritualofferinginthebeliefthatitpleasedthegods.IthasbeenusedincookingthroughoutEuropesincetheMiddleAges,especiallyforspicingwine.NativetopartsofsoutheastChina,cassiaisaslenderevergreentreewithsmall,whiteflowersandleatheryleaves.Inadditiontoproducingmoreoil,cassiabark

isdarkerandcoarserthancinnamonanditsaromaisstronger.

OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedfromcassiatrees.The oil steam-distilled from the leaves is brownish-yellow with a sweet,

woody-spicyscentreminiscentoftruecinnamon.Strength:4ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:topPlantPart:AsAbove/LeavesWarnings:

avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinOilfromthebarkiswaterdistilled.Itisdarkbrownandhasaspicy-warm,resinousscentalsoreminiscentoftruecinnamon.Strength:4ScentGroup: spicyPerfumeNote: topPlantPart:SoBelow/WoodandBark

Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinCinnamonBotanicalName:CinnamomumzeylanicumAlsoKnownAs:Ceyloncinnamon,Madagascarcinnamon,truecinnamonCinnamonisanevergreentreewithreddish-brownbark,leatheryleaves,andyellow-whiteflowers.ItsbotanicalnamemeansthatitcamefromCeylon,theformernameofSriLanka.29Oneoftheworld’smostimportantspices,cinnamonhasbeenusedforculinaryandmedicinalpurposesinChinaandIndiaforover4,000years.Itwasapopular

tradecommodityamongtheEgyptians,Greeks,andRomans.

OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedusingsteamorwaterdistillation.Oilfromtheleavesisyellowtobrownishincolorandhasawarm,spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy,maycauseskinirritation;useinmoderationOilfromtheinnerbarkispaletodarkyellowwithawarm,spicy,andslightlywoodyscent.Strength:5ScentGroup: spicyPerfumeNote: middle Plant Part: So Below/Wood and

BarkWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinMagicalUsesUsecinnamonorcassiaoil tosparkawareness,stimulatepsychicabilities,andsupport astral travel. These oils aid in divination and dreamwork, and areeffective indefensiveandsexmagic.Alsouse themto increase thepowerandsuccess of spells, and to support clairvoyance. They are effective forconsecratingamuletsandmagictoolsaswellasraisingenergyforritual.Theseoils promote balance (bark oil), concentration, inspiration, and creativity.Dispellingnegativeenergy,theypromotehighervibrationalenergy(leafoil)forspiritualpurificationandgrowth(leafoil).Additionally,use theseoils inspellsto attract and strengthen love as well as to support protection (bark oil) andenhanceoverallsecurity.Theyalsoincreasepassion,lust,anddesires.Cinnamonandcassiaareeffectiveforbolsteringhealing,longevity,andrenewal.Usetheseoilstostrengthenyoursenseofpurpose(leafoil)whenconfrontingproblemsaswellas increasing luck,money,andprosperity inyour life.Thecinnamonoilsarealsoassociatedwithdefense,justice,andknowledge.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,Capricorn,LeoSolar System: Jupiter,Mercury, SunElement:

fire Goddesses: Aphrodite, Venus Gods: Asclepeus, Dionysus, Helios, RaCitronella

BotanicalName:CymbopogonnardusFamily:PoaceaeAlsoKnownAs:lenabatu,managrass,nardgrass,SriLankacitronellaAnyonewhoenjoys

backyardcookoutsisfamiliarwithanti-mosquitocitronellacandles.TheplantwasintroducedintoEuropeduringthe1800sforuseasaroomdisinfectantandinsectrepellenttothwartmothsinlinencupboards.Catsandrodentsarenotfondofit,either.IndigenoustoSriLanka,India,andJava,citronellaisatallperennialgrasswithcane-likestemsandgray-greenleaves.ForcenturiescitronellaoilwasacomponentinChinesemedicine,butfoundamorepopularuseintheWestto

scentinexpensivehouseholdsoaps.

OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves are steam-distilled to produce a yellow-brown oil with a fresh,lemony-sweet,andherbaceousscent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesOne of citronella’s strongest properties is purification, and it is especiallypowerful for protecting and purifying the aura for psychic work. It clearsnegativityandavertsnegativeforces, includingovercominghexesbyreturningtheenergytoitssource.Citronellaisinstrumentalinattractingfriends,love,andprosperity.Useittoboostdefensiveandelementmagicaswellastogroundandcenterenergybeforeandaftermagicwork.Thisoilalsohelpstofocusthemindfor communication and creativity. Citronella is also associated with growth,knowledge,purpose,strength,andvitality.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Sun,VenusElements:air,fireClarySage:SeetheSageOils

CloveBotanicalName:Syzygiumaromaticumsyn.EugeniacaryophyllataFamily:MyrtaceaeThefamiliarcloveisactuallyadried,unopenedflowerbud.Onthetree,thebudsgrowinclustersalongwithlarge,bright-greenleaves.BelievedtohaveoriginatedinIndonesia,thispyramid-shapedevergreenhasaspeciesnamethatmeans“aromatic”or“fragrant.”ItwasacustomontheMalukuIslands,partofIndonesia,toplantaclovetreewhenachildwasbornsoheorshewouldhaveanindicationoftheirage.Inadditiontobeingoneoftheearliestspicesusedintrade,itwasalsoanall-purposemedicine.Todayclovesareusedformedicinal

andculinarypurposesworldwide.

OilandBlendingInformationTwoessentialoilsareobtainedfromthistree.The flowerbuds arewateror steam-distilled, producing apaleyellowoil. It

hasasweet-spicyscentwithafruityhint.Strength:5Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers

Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritation;useinmoderationTheleavesaresteam-distilled,producingadarkbrownoilwithaburnt-woodyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritation;useinmoderationMagicalUsesCloveisexceptionalatbanishingnegativeenergyandentities,makingitagoodamuletagainstharm.Useittoreleasehexesaswellastoincreasethesuccessofyour spells. This oil provides protection during energy work (leaf oil),divination, and clairvoyance sessions. In addition, it stimulates the mind,promotes psychic awareness, and increases magical powers. Use clove oil inspellstoattractmoney,love,prosperity,andluck.Clovesupportsemotionalandsexual(budoil)healingandencouragespersonalgrowth(leafoil).Useittobindand strengthen relationships, especially friendships in which there have beenproblems.Becausecloveimprovesmemory,useittoaccessancientknowledgeaswellaswhenseekingtruthandpurpose(leafoil).Itcanalsohelpbringbeauty(bud oil), comfort, happiness, and longevity to your life. Clove increasescreativity aswell as spiritual vibrations,making it useful for purifying sacredspace. Clove is also associated with beginnings (bud oil), courage,determination,fertility(budoil),inspiration,lust,andwealth.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Leo, Pisces, Sagittarius, ScorpioSolar System: Jupiter,Mars,

Mercury,SunElements:air,earth,fireCorianderBotanicalName:CoriandrumsativumFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

Chineseparsley,cilantroCorianderhasbeencultivatedforover3,000yearsandisoneoftheoldestknownflavorings.Thisannualherbhasdelicateleavesandumbelsofwhiteflowers.CorianderisnativetosouthernEuropeandwesternAsiaandcangrowalmostthreefeettall.TheChineseassociatedthisspicewithimmortality,andinIndiaitisstillusedasanofferingtodeities.InancientEgypt,

itwascalledthespiceofhappinessandusedasanaphrodisiacaswellasafuneraryoffering.30TheGreeksandtheRomansuseditmedicinallyandasaflavoringforwine.ForcenturiesEuropeanmonkscarriedonthecustomof

flavoringwineandtonicswithit.Corianderisstillwidelyusedasaculinaryandmedicinalherb.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling theseedsproducesacolorless topaleyellowoilwithasweet,spicy-woodyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So

Below/SeedsWarning:useinmoderationMagicalUsesCorianderisanaidforclairvoyance,divination,andaccessingmemories.Useittofindalover,excitepassion,andkeephimorherfaithful.Thisoiliseffectivefor element and sex magic as well as to consecrate charms and amulets. Itspowersofprotectionworkagainstnegativeinfluences,especiallyforthehome,bringingpeaceandsecurity.Corianderisinstrumentalforhealingandwell-beingon many levels, especially emotional balance. It also supports fertility andlongevity.Additionally,corianderisassociatedwithbeginnings,changes,cycles,renewal,andsecrets.

CorrespondencesZodiac:AriesSolarSystem:Mars,VenusElement:fireCumin

BotanicalName:CuminumcyminumFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:cummin,RomancarawayIndigenoustoUpperEgypt,cuminwasusedforculinaryandmedicinalpurposesbytheancientEgyptians,Greeks,andHebrews.The

Romansuseditforflavoringandasapreservative.DuringtheMiddleAgesinItalyitwasasymboloflove,whileinGermanycuminwasbakedintobreadtokeepaloverwhoateitfaithful.AtthattimeitwasoneofthemostcommonspicesinEurope.Cuminisasmall,delicateherbwithfeatheryleaves,pinkorwhiteflowers,andridged,oblongseeds.ItsnamecomesfromtheSanskrit

sughandan,meaning“goodsmelling.”31

OilandBlendingInformationApaleyelloworgreenishoilisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheseeds.Ithasawarm,spicy,andslightlyearthyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So

Below/Seeds Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; causes photosensitivityMagicalUsesThis oil is helpful for releasing negative emotions aswell as negativity in theenvironment, and it is instrumental in restoring domestic peace. Use it forprotectionandtoattractprosperity.Additionally,itaidsinfindinglove,keepinga lover faithful, and sparking lust. Cumin helps bring balance between thespiritualand themundane,and isuseful forpurification.Use it to increase theeffectivenessof spells aswell as to instigate change.Cumin is also associatedwithbeginnings,cycles,longevity,andrenewal.

MagicalCorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,ScorpioSolarSystem:Mars,VenusElement:fireCypress

BotanicalName:CupressussempervirensFamily:CupressaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Frenchcypress,Italiancypress,MediterraneancypressCypressisaconical-shaped,evergreentreewithbrownish-grayconesandslenderbranches.Its

speciesnamemeans“ever-living,”reflectingitssymbolismoflifeafterdeath.32

OriginatingintheeasternMediterraneanregion,thistreewashighlyvaluedformedicinalandreligiouspurposessinceancienttimes.InEgyptitwasdedicatedtoOsiris,thegodofthedead,andinGreeceitwasdedicatedtoPluto,thegodof

theUnderworld.InGreeklegend,CyparissuswastransformedintoatreebecauseofhisoverwhelmingsorrowatkillingoneofApollo’sstags.

Accordingly,cypressbecameasymbolofsolace.TheTibetansburnedcypressforpurification,whilethePhoeniciansusedthewoodforshipbuilding.

OilandBlendingInformationTheneedlesandtwigsaresteam-distilled,producinganoilthatispaleyellowtogreenish-oliveincolor.Ithasawoodyandslightlynutty-spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: So

Below/TwigsandLeavesMagicalUsesThis oil is a powerful ally when dealing with death and loss, especially toprovide comfort and healing. Use it at Samhain to remember and honorancestors. Cypress is effective for centering and grounding energy before andafterritual.Useittoconsecrateandblessritualobjectsaswellasfordefensivemagic.Cypress is supportiveof spells thatbanish,bind,orprovideprotection.Thisoilaidsinself-workwhenseekingtruth,peace,andknowledgeaswellasgrowth and renewal. Additionally, it is instrumental developing awareness,focus, and clarity in divination and channeling. Use cypress for strength andwisdom when seeking justice. It is also associated with balance, changes,happiness,release,andtransformation.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Capricorn,Pisces,Taurus,VirgoSolarSystem:Pluto,Saturn

Elements: earth, water Celebration: Samhain Gods: Apollo, Cupid, Hades,Jupiter,Pluto,SaturnGoddesses:Aphrodite,Artemis,Astarte,Diana,HecateDillBotanicalName:AnethumgraveolensFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:dillweed,dillseed,dilly,gardendillThisplant’scommonnamecomesfromtheNorsedylla,meaning“tosoothe,”anditsspeciesnamemeans“strong-

scented.”33NativetosouthernEurope,dillcanreachaboutthreefeetinheight,hasfeatheryleaves,umbelsofyellowishflowers,andsmall,flatseeds.In

additiontobeingassociatedwiththecultofDionysus,thisplantwasusedasofferingstoAdonisandBacchus.LaterduringtheMiddleAges,dillwasapopularingredientinlovepotionsandcommonlyusedtoprovideprotection

fromWitchesandevilspirits.

OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedbysteamorwaterdistillation.The oil from the seeds is colorless to pale yellowwith a fresh,warm-spicy

scent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So

Below/SeedsTheoilfromtheleavesisalsocolorlesstopaleyellowbutwithasweet-spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

MagicalUsesWithahistoryofuseinlovepotions,dillalsohelpstoovercomelovehexes.Itishelpful for findingbalance(seedoil)where lustanddesireareconcerned.Usedillindefensivemagicandtoavertblackmagicfromthehome.Itcanalsohelpattract luck and wealth. This oil protects against evil deeds and spirits, andfunctions well for general protection as well as purification. Employ it forsuccess in court and any time defense is needed.Dill can help attractmoney,prosperity, and security. Use it to boost creativity (seed oil) and supportdivination.Dill isparticularlyeffective instrengtheningthemindforacquiringknowledge and wisdom as well as solving problems and determining one’spurpose(leafoil).Dillseedoilisalsoassociatedwithbeginnings,changes,andrenewal;theleafoilisassociatedwithenergyandgrowth.Bothtypesofdilloilareassociatedwithcycles.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,Gemini,Leo,Scorpio,VirgoSolarSystem:MercuryElements:

air, fire Celebration: Walpurgis Gods: Adonis, Bacchus, Dionysus Goddess:KupalaElemiBotanicalName:CanariumluzonicumFamily:BurseraceaeReachingabout100feetinheight,thiscousintofrankincenseandmyrrhhasdark,oblongleavesandyellowish-whiteflowers.WhileelemiisindigenoustothePhilippinesandpartsofIndonesia,itwasknownthroughouttheancientworld.ItscommonnamecomesfromanArabicwordmeaning“aboveandbelow.”34Elemiwas

mentionedasaspiceforembalmingintheEgyptianpapyrusofEbers(circa1550BCE);andinancientRome,gladiatorsrubbeditontheirbodiesfor

protectionbeforeenteringthering.SincetheMiddleAges,elemihasbeenusedmedicinallyandasincensetoenhancemeditation.

OilandBlendingInformationAcolorlesstoverypaleyellowoilisproducedthroughsteamdistillationofthegum.Ithasaspicy,lemon-like,andslightlycamphoraceousscent.Strength:2Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Resins

MagicalUsesElemi isespeciallyeffective forpromotingclarityandfocus.Use it tobalancethe spiritual and mundane, and for grounding energy after ritual. It can beinstrumental inspiritualdevelopment,openingoneself tomysticalexperiences,andenhancingpsychicabilities.Elemiaids inhealingandoverallvitality. It isalsoassociatedwithcontrolandpurpose.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,UranusTheEucalyptusOilsFamily:MyrtaceaeThegenusandcommonnameofthesetreescomesfromtheGreekeukalypto,meaning“covered”or“wrapped,”whichdescribeshowthehangingseedpodsalmostcoveryoungflowerbuds.IndigenoustoAustralia,

eucalyptusisthemostwidelyknowntreatmentforthecommoncold.

Eucalyptus,BlueGumBotanicalName:EucalyptusglobulesAlsoKnownAs:fevertree,gumtree,

southernbluegumAbsorbinggreatamountsofwater,theextensiverootsystemsofthesetreeswereemployedtoridareasofmosquito-infestedwetlandsinAustralia.Itscamphoraceousscentalsoaidedtheeffortbyfunctioningasaninsectrepellent.Thishugeeucalyptusspecies(about300feettall)hasnarrow

yellowish-greenleaves,creamywhiteflowers,andpalegraybark.

OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesaresteam-distilledtoproduceacolorlessoilthatyellowswithage.Itscamphoraceousscenthasawoody-sweetundertone.Strength:5Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As

Above/LeavesWarnings:orallytoxic;maycauseskinirritation;notcompatiblewithhomeopathictreatment;useinmoderationEucalyptus,LemonBotanicalName:EucalyptuscitriodoraAlsoKnownAs:boabo,lemon-scentedgum,scentedgumtreeThiseucalyptusspeciesonlyreachesabout100feettall,hasnarrowtaperingleaves,andwhitish-yellowbark.Withaspeciesname

meaning“lemon-scented,”theoilofthistreehasbeenwidelyusedtoperfumelinenclosetsaswellasprotectthecontentsagainstinsects.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheleavesandtwigsproducesacolorlessorpaleyellowoilwithalemony,citronella-likescent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:SoBelow/Twigs

and LeavesWarnings: orally toxic; may cause skin irritation; not compatiblewithhomeopathictreatment;useinmoderationMagicalUsesEucalyptusisbestknownforitspowersofpurification.Thisappliestoclearingnegativity in general as well as healing emotions after a quarrel. It is alsoeffective in releasing sorrow (blue gum), finding balance (lemon), anddevelopingasenseofwell-being.Applythisoilonanamulettoprotectagainstemotionalupsetsduringpast-lifework.Eucalyptussupportsdreamandpsychicworkaswellascommunicationwithspirits.Itisinstrumentalforprotectionandforbanishinganythingunwantedfromyourlife.Whenseekingone’spurposeinlife (bluegum), eucalyptus provides strength and determination. Eucalyptus isalsoassociatedwithenergy,growth(lemon),andsecurity.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,PiscesSolarSystem:Mercury,Moon,Saturn,SunElements:

air,earth,waterTheFennelOilsBotanicalFamily:ApiaceaeNativetotheMediterraneanregion,fennelisanherbwithabulbousbase,featheryleaves,andumbelsofyellowflowers.

Reachingfiveorsixfeetinheight,bitterfenneltendstobeslightlytallerthanthesweet.ThenamefennelcomesfromtheRomanwordfor“fragranthay,”foeniculum.35IntheMiddleAgesthenameevolvedintofanculum,andthentheplantbecameknownpopularlyasfenkel.36TheancientRomansbelievedit

promotedlongevity,courage,andstrength.InGreekmyth,Prometheuspassedfiretohumansusingastalkoffennel,anditcametosymbolizetheknowledgeofthegods.DuringlustycelebrationsinhonorofDionysus,participantsworecrownsofwovenstalksandleaves.FennelwaswidelyusedduringtheMiddleAgesforculinarypurposesaswellasamagicalherbtohangoverdoorwaystowardoffevilspirits.ItwasoneoftheAnglo-Saxons’ninesacredhealingherbs.

Fennel,BitterBotanicalName:FoeniculumvulgareAlsoKnownAs:commonfennelOiland

BlendingInformationTheentireplantissteam-distilled,producingayellowtopaleorange-brownoilwithacamphoraceous,anise-likescent.Strength:4ScentGroup: spicyPerfumeNote:middlePlant Part: N/AWarnings: avoid

during pregnancy; avoid use if you have epilepsy or other seizure disorder;hazardousifusedontheskinFennel,SweetBotanicalName:Foeniculumvulgarevar.dulceAlsoKnownAs:Florence,Frenchfennel,gardenfennel,RomanfennelOilandBlendingInformation

Steam distillation of the seeds produces a colorless to pale yellow oil with aspicy-sweet,anise-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above and So

Below/SeedsWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;avoiduseifyouhaveepilepsyor other seizure disorder;may cause sensitization; use inmoderationMagicalUsesFennelprovidesprotectionandboostsenergyforpsychicwork.Italsoprotectsthe home from unwelcome spirits, providing strength and security. Fennelenlivens the mind, encouraging creativity (sweet) and straightforwardcommunication. Use these oils for blessings, purification, and support fordivination. Additionally, fennel provides balance (sweet) and courage duringtimesoflossandstimulatespositivechange(sweet).Fennelcanaidinhealing,longevity, and fertility matters. It is also associated with beginnings (sweet),cycles,knowledge,money,andrenewal(sweet).

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,GeminiVirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,VenusElements:air,fire

Celebration:WalpurgisGoddess:KupalaGods:Adonis,Dionysus,Hephaestus,PrometheusTheFirOilsFamily:PinaceaeWhilethereisoftenconfusionaboutthedifferencebetweenfirandpinetrees,therearetwosimplewaystodistinguishonefromtheotherby

lookingattheirneedlesandcones.Firneedlesareattachedtobranchesindividually,whereaspineneedlesgrowinclustersoftwoormore.Firconesare

somewhategg-shapedandsitupright,whilepineconeshang,pointingdownward.

Fir,BalsamBotanicalName:AbiesbalsameaAlsoKnownAs:Americansilverfir,balmofGileadfir,balsamtree,firpineReachingabout180feettall,balsamfirhasdarkgreenneedlesandpurplish-browncones.NativetonortheasternNorthAmerica,thisisoneofthefewconifersthatproducesbalsam.ThewordbalsamevolvedfromtheHebrew,meaning“aromatictreeresinsusedforbalms.”37Itwasa

medicinechestallitsownforNativeAmericans,whousedalmosteverypartofthetreeforeverydayobjectsaswellasritualitems.

OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationisusedtocreatetwooils.Theoilfromtheneedlesiscolorlessandhasasweet,softbalsamic,pine-like

scent.Itisoftencalledfirneedleoil.Strength:4ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/LeavesThe

oilfromtheoleoresinispaleyelloworgreenwithafresh,sweet-balsamicscent.Strength:4ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:SoBelow/ResinsFir,

SilverBotanicalName:AbiesalbaAlsoKnownAs:Europeansilverfir,whitefir,whitespruceSilverfirisanevergreenwithsilveryorwhitish-grayneedles,anditgrowstoabout100feettall.Nativetomountainousregionsofcentraland

southernEurope,itwashighlyprizedasafragranceaswellasformedicine.Thefirtreehasbeenasymbolofrebirthandimmortalityforcenturies,andin

Romaniaboughsoffirwerecarriedatthefrontoffuneralprocessions.GermanPaganstookboughsintotheirhomestocelebrateYuleandtoprovidecomfort

forvisitingelves.

OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedbysteamdistillation.Oil from the needles and young twigs is colorless or pale yellow with an

earthy,woody,sweet-balsamicscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart: SoBelow/Twigs and

LeavesTheoil fromthecones issimilarbutwithaslighthintoforange in itsscent.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So

Below/SeedsMagicalUsesFir is a tree of beginnings, energy, growth, and healing (balsam, resin oil).Focusing fir’s energy inward helps to clear themind and restorememories. Italsoencouragescommunicationandcreativeexpression.Use it forpurificationbefore ritual and in preparation to receive inspiration as well as groundingenergyafterwards.Asanall-purposepurifier,firprovidesprotectionandhelpstoovercomeandremovehexes.Firheightensawarenessfordivinationandspiritualwork,andisespeciallyeffectiveforconnectingwithforestspirits.ItslinkwiththeOtherworldanddeathsmooths thecycle(silver) fromlife throughdeath torenewal,whilecomforting theemotionsof those leftbehindin thisworld.Usefir formoneyandprosperityspells,andtosupportchanneling.Fircanprovidecontrol (balsam) and strength (silver) for defense aswell as fostering stabilityand security.Theseoils also enhancevitality (balsam), bringing longevity andoverall balance (silver). As an instrument of change (silver), fir aids inestablishing hope, happiness, and peace. Fir is also associated with purpose(balsam,needleoil)andtransformation.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Jupiter,Mars,Saturn,UranusZodiac:AriesElements:air,earth,

fire Celebrations: Beltane, Yule Goddesses: Artemis, Athena, Cerridwyn,Cybele, Diana, Frigg, Hecate, Iduna, Inanna, Isis, Persephone, Rhea Gods:Adonis,Attis,Bacchus,Dionysus,Osiris,PanFrankincense

BotanicalName:BoswelliacarteriFamily:BurseraceaAlsoKnownAs:olibanumWhileolibanumwasthenameusedbyancientRomans,thenamefrankincensedatestotenth-centuryFrench,meaning“high-qualityincense.”

Commonlyburnedintemples,frankincensewasbelievedtodeepenthespiritualexperienceandopenthewaytoenlightenment.EgyptiansofferedittothegodswhiletheRomansuseditforbothreligiousandsecularceremonies.Since

ancienttimesithasbeenusedinmedicinesandcosmetics.OriginatingintheRedSearegion,thissmall,shrubbytreehasdensefoliageandwhiteorpalepink

flowers.

OilandBlendingInformationTheoleoresinissteam-distilled,producingapaleyelloworgreenishoilwitharichresinous,woodyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Resins

MagicalUsesFrankincense has a long tradition and connectionwith spirituality, inspiration,knowledge,andstrength.Thisoilisinstrumentalforastral,dream,andpsychicworkaswellasdivinationandreachinghigher levelsofawareness. Ithelps tofocus energy and enhance concentration formagic work. Use frankincense tocreate sacred space and to consecrate altar goods before ritual. As an aid forpast-life work, it can break unwanted connections with the past that inhibitpersonal growth. It is instrumental for clairvoyance aswell as communicationwith spirits. It is also effective for banishing negativity, providing psychicprotection and power for any formof defense. Frankincense promotes healingthatsupportsvitalityandlongevity.Whenseekingjustice,thisoilbringsclarity,courage, release, and success.Use for attracting love and happiness into yourlife. Additionally, frankincense is associated with balance, comfort, control,renewal,andtransformation.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Aries,Leo,SagittariusSolarSystem:Moon,SunElements:

air,fire,waterCelebration:YuleGods:Baal,Helios,RaGalangalBotanicalName:AlpiniaofficinarumFamily:ZingiberaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

Chineseginger,Indianroot,lessergalangal,LowJohntheConquerorKnownasthemildbrotherofginger,galangalisareed-likeplantwithwhite,red-lippedflowers.ThisnativeofsoutheasternChinacanreachthreefeetinheight.ThenamegalangalcomesfromtheArabickhalanjan,meaning“mildginger.”38

Althoughitiscalledthelessergalangal,becauseitissmallerinsizethanAlpinagalanga(thegreater),itisconsideredmoreimportantbecauseofitsmedicinalapplications.InIndiaithasbeenusedforoverathousandyearsincurriesandperfumesaswellasinAyurvedicmedicine.Galangalwasintroducedinto

EuropeintheninthcenturybyArabianphysicians.ChristianmysticHildegardofBingen(1098–1179)calleditthespiceoflife,andbytheMiddleAgesitwas

wellknowninEnglandasgalangale.

OilandBlendingInformationThe rhizomes are steam-distilled into a greenish-yellow oil with a spicy,camphoraceousscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Roots

MagicalUsesGalangal isagreatallyforpsychicandastralwork.Thisoilaids in increasingthe power and success of spells, especially those for banishing, and providesprotection from hexes. It is also instrumental for protection duringmagic andhealingworkaswellasconsecratingtoolsandgroundingenergyafterritual.Useitinspellstoattractmoneyandwealth,toovercomeinjustices,andturnwishesinto reality.Galangal’s ability to stimulate can be used for luck, love, lust, orpassion.It isespeciallyhelpfulinreturningnegativityorenchantmentsbacktothose who initiate them. Associated with the Otherworld, galangal heightensawareness, which can provide courage and comfort when letting go of lovedones.Galangalisalsoassociatedwithlongevity,secrets,stability,strength,andwell-being.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Scorpio Solar System: Mars, Sun Elements: earth, fire

Celebration:LithaGoddess:KupalaGalbanumBotanicalName:FerulagummosaFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:bubonion,galbanugumGalbanumwasusedthroughouttheancientworldasincenseinholyplaces.LaterduringtheMiddleAgesitwaspartoftheincensemixturesusedintheHermetictradition.TothepeopleoftheMiddleEastandEgypt,itwasknownasMotherResinandusedtoeasechildbirth.39Additionally,the

Egyptiansuseditincosmeticsaswellastheembalmingprocess.IndigenoustotheMiddleEastandwesternAsia,galbanumisalargeherbwithshinyleaflets

andsmall,whiteflowers.Itsgenusnamemeans“hollowstem.”40

OilandBlendingInformationA colorless, pale yellow, or olive-colored oil is produced by water or steamdistillation of the oleoresin. Its resinous scent is slightly herbaceous with awoodyundertone.Strength:5Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Resins

MagicalUsesUse this oil to purify and create sacred space for ritual and meditation.Galbanum supports spirituality, divination, and psychic work, especiallychanneling. Its association with death and the Underworld makes it anappropriateoilforconnectingwithancestorsorotherswhohavepassedbeyondthe veil. Use galbanum for anointing and blessing, and whenever healing issought.Itisalsoassociatedwithcontrol,cycles,renewal,andvitality.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Libra, Scorpio Solar System: Venus Elements: air, water

Celebration:Samhain

Geranium,RoseBotanicalName:Pelargoniumgraveolens,syn.P.roseumFamily:GeraniaceaeAlsoKnownAs:storkbillRosegeraniumisnotthefamiliargardenplant,andinfacttherearemorethan700varietiesofgeraniums,butonlyafewproduceessentialoil.Withlobedleavesandsmall,pinkflowers,thisnativeofSouthAfricacangrowuptothreefeethigh.ItsgenusnamecomesfromtheGreek

pelargos,meaning“stork,”referringtothelongseedpodsthatresembleastork’sbill.Thespeciesnamemeans“heavilyscented.”41Thewordrosewasaddedtoitscommonnamewhenperfumersdiscoveredthatitsmelledsomuchliketherealthingthattheysubstitutedthislessexpensiveingredientintheirproducts.In

seventeenth-centuryEurope,itwasbelievedthatgeraniumsinthegardenprotectedthehomefromevilspirits.

OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationoftheentireplantproducesagreenisholive-coloredoilwitharosy,sweet,andsomewhatmintyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: N/A Warning: may

causesensitizationMagicalUsesRosegeraniumisabouttheself,growth,creativity,andgainingcontroloflife.Itenhancesfocusforastralworkandincreasespsychicenergy.Useitforpurifyingand consecrating ritual and magic tools as well as for elf magic. Geraniumprovidesprotection, strength, and success for spellwork. In addition, geraniumaidsinbreakinghexesandattractingluck.It isalsoinstrumentalwhenseekingpeace,happiness,andsecurity.Therosyaspectofthisoilenhancesbeauty,andthe ability to attract love and friendship.Geranium is an aid to healing in theareas of sexuality and fertility as well as the emotionswhen recovering fromsorrow.Additionally,itisassociatedwithcommunication,confidence,courage,andspirituality.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mars,VenusZodiac:Aries,CancerElement:waterCelebration:

Walpurgis

GingerBotanicalName:ZingiberofficinaleFamily:ZingiberaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

commonginger,JamaicagingerGinger’sgenusnamecomesfromtheSanskrit,meaning“horn-shaped,”whichreferstotheshapeofitsroot.42Thislarge

perennialplanthasreed-likestalks,spear-shapedleaves,andspikesofyelloworwhiteflowers.OriginatinginsouthernAsia,gingerisoneoftheoldestknownspicesandisusedworldwideforculinaryandmedicinalpurposes.Early

EuropeansettlersintheUnitedStatesusedittomakewhattheycalledsmallbeers,whichresultedingingerbeerandgingerale.43Bakedintodesserts,

gingerbreadbecameanartisticmediuminitsownright.

OilandBlendingInformationApaleyellow,amber,orgreenish-coloredoilisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheroots.Itsscentisspicy,woody,andrich.Strength:4Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Roots

Warnings: may cause skin irritation; causes photosensitivity; may causesensitizationMagicalUsesGingerisinstrumentalforastralwork,asithelpsalignthesubtlebodiesaswellaskeepthephysicalbodygrounded.Itisapurifieronmanylevelsbutespeciallyforpersonalenergyandemotionalcleansing.Useittopurifymagicaltools,forsuccessinmagicwork(especiallymoonorsexmagic),andforconnectingwiththeOtherworld. It aids in releasinghexesaswell as increasingmagicalpowerand energizing psychicwork.Use ginger for success in attractingmoney or alover.Thehealingattributeofgingerhelpsindealingwithproblems,especiallyin relationships and sexuality in general.Additionally, it can stimulate vitalitybringing stability, longevity, and general well-being. Ginger is also associatedwithbeauty,courage,inspiration,memories,andsecrets.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,Leo,Sagittarius,ScorpioSolarSystem:Mars,MoonElements:

earth,fire

GrapefruitBotanicalName:CitrusxparadisiFamily:RutaceaeGrapefruitisahybridofthepomelo(Citrusmaxima)andsweet(Citrussinesis)oranges.PomelosareafruitfromsoutheastAsiathatwereintroducedintoBarbadosaround1696.

Growingtoabout30feettall,thistreehasglossyleavesandlarge,yellowfruit.ItistheonlycitrusfruitnativetotheAmericas.

OilandBlendingInformationTheentirefruitiscold-pressedtoproduceayelloworgreenishoilwithasweetandcitrusyscent.Strength:4ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middle to topPlantPart:AsAbove/Fruit

MagicalUsesGrapefruitisinstrumentalforheighteningclairaudienceskillsandotherpsychicpowers.Itfostersinspirationandtheabilitytoconnectwithone’sinnerchild.Itspowersofpurificationbalancetheemotionsandrestoreenergy.Usegrapefruittoincrease overall strength, enhance spirituality, and manifest abundance. Inaddition, grapefruit’s healing properties promote well-being and a sense ofconfidence.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithkindnessandsuccess.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:SunElements:air,waterHelichrysum

BotanicalName:Helichrysumangustifoliumsyn.H.italicumFamily:AsteraceaeAlsoKnownAs:curryplant,everlasting,immortelle,Italian

strawflower,St.John’sherbWithbranchingstemsthathavebeendescribedaswand-like,helichrysumisatwo-foot-tallherbindigenoustotheMediterraneanregion.Itsspeciesnamemeans“narrow-leaved,”describingthisherb’spine-needleappearance.Althoughnotusedincurry,thearomaofitsleavesarereminiscentofthatIndiandish.Thenameseverlastingandimmortellecome

fromthefactthatitsyellowflowerskeeptheircoloranddonotfadewhentheyaredried.Thishasmadeitpopularfordriedflowerarrangements,whichishowhelichrysumismostwidelyknowntoday.Inthepastitwasusedmedicinallyto

treatarangeofdisorders.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the flower tops produces a pale yellow to reddish-colored oilwithawoody,honey-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As

Above/FlowersMagicalUsesAlthoughhelichrysumisnotwidelyusedinmagicorritual,itsenergyandscentmeritattention.Thisoilraisesawarenessandassistsinpsychiccommunicationas well as dreamwork. Use helichrysum to consecrate magic tools and toincreaseaspell’seffectiveness,particularly thoseforabundanceandattraction.Helichrysum is also useful for grounding and centering energy aftermagic orpsychicwork.Itspowerofrenewalaidsinclarifyingthoughtsandstrengtheningmemory. Helichrysum releases emotional baggage, enhances creativity, andsupports spirituality. Itshealingpropertiespromote longevityandaid insexualandfertilityissues.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithbeautyandpeace.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Jupiter,NeptuneElement:airHopsBotanicalName:HumuluslupulusFamily:MoraceaeAlsoKnownAs:common

hops,EuropeanhopsSportinglobed,heart-shapedleaves,thisaggressiveclimberhasgreenish-yellowmaleandfemaleflowersonseparateplants.The

ripeconesfromfemaleplantsareusedforbrewing.Hops’botanicalnamescomefromtheLatinhumusforsoilandadiminutiveoflupus,meaning“wolf.”Theformerreferstohowtheplanthugsthegroundifnotstakedorgivensupport,andthelatterdescribesitsbind-weedtendencieswithotherplants.ItscommonnamecomesfromtheAnglo-Saxonhoppan,meaning“toclimb.”44Nativeto

EuropeandNorthAmerica,hopsgrewwildinthehedgerowsofBritainandcanstillbefoundinsomeplaces.Justasasparagusiseatentoday,theancientRomansbundledandsteamedtheyoungshootsasadelicacy.Abbessand

ChristianmysticHildegardvonBingenissometimescreditedwithpopularizingtheiruseinbrewing.

OilandBlendingInformationThe strobiles (female catkins) are steam-distilled, producing anoil that is paleyellowtoreddish-amberincolor.Ithasarich,spicy-sweetscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers

Warnings:maycausesensitization;useinmoderationMagicalUsesHopsareeffectiveforspellsofattraction,especiallysexual,aswellasthosethatbindpeopletogether.Usehopstosupportdivinationandelementmagic,andtogroundenergyafterritual.Thisoiliseffectiveindreamworkrelatedtohealing,particularlywhenyouare trying tobringyour life intobalance.Hopsarealsoassociatedwithbeauty,determination,andfertility.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Scorpio Solar System: Mars Elements: air, earth, water

HyssopBotanicalName:HyssopusofficinalisFamily:LamiaceaeThispetitesemi-evergreenshrubwithlance-shapedleavesandpurple-blueflowersisnativetotheMediterraneanregion.FromtheGreekazob,meaning“holyherb,”hyssopwasusedbytheGreeksandRomanstocleantemplesandothersacredplaces.45

ItwasalsousedmedicinallyandregardedbytheRomansasageneralcure-all.BytheeighthcenturyitwasamainstayinAnglo-SaxongardensandremainedsothroughoutBritainwellbeyondtheMiddleAges.Itsuseforcleaningwas

carriedonforcenturiesandrecommendedasastrewingherbforfloorsthatweredifficulttosweep.

OilandBlendingInformationA colorless to pale yellow-green oil is produced by steam distillation of theleaves and flower tops. The scent is slightly sweet and herbaceous withcamphoraceoustones.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:topPlantPart:AsAbove/Leavesand

FlowersWarnings: avoid during pregnancy; avoid use if you have epilepsy orother seizure disorder; avoid with high blood pressure; use in moderationMagicalUsesBecauseofitslonghistoryofuseincleaningsacredspaces,hyssopisperfectforpurifying areas for ritual as well as consecrating an altar or anointingparticipants. It clears away negativity, removes hexes, and provides protectionagainst enchantment. Hyssop supports psychic work and helps to developdivinationskills.Useittoinvokedragonenergy,andinspellstoattractmoneyand beauty into your life.Hyssop engenders clarity ofmind for finding one’spurpose. It is instrumental in manifesting change, enhances creativity, andinspirespersonalgrowth.Hyssopisalsoassociatedwithfertility,hope,sexuality,andvitality.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Sagittarius Solar System: Jupiter, Moon Elements: air, fire

JasmineBotanicalName:Jasminumofficinale,syn.J.officinalevar.grandiflorumFamily:OleaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonjasmine,poet’sjessamineThisclimbingshrubwithbrightgreenleavesandwhite,star-shapedflowershasservedasasymbolofhappiness,hope,andlove.Whileitscommonnameis

derivedfromthePersianyasmin,jasminehasbeendubbed“queenofthenight”and“moonshineinthegarden”becauseitsfragranceisespeciallystrongatnight.4647Thisaromawasconsideredascentofmysteryandusedasanaidto

spiritualgrowth.InChina,jasminewasusedforculinaryandmedicinalpurposesaswellasanincensetohonorthedead.ItwasamedicinalandperfumeryingredientinJapan,andbythesixteenthcenturyjasminebecameapopular

flavoringforteainEurope.JasmineisindigenoustonorthernIndiaandwesternAsia.

OilandBlendingInformationAnabsoluteiscreatedfromjasmineflowersbysolventextraction.Theabsoluteis then steam-distilled to produce anorange-brownoilwith a sweet floral andsomewhattea-likescent.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As

Above/FlowersWarning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesFor centuries jasmine has been connected with beauty, love, lust, and sex.Instrumental for defensive, moon, night, and sex magic, jasmine enhancesdivination as well as contact with the spirit realm. This oil is also an ally,providingprotectionfordreamwork,channeling,andastraltravel.Jasmineaidsinreleasingemotionsandthoughtsthatinhibitpersonaldevelopment,andgivesaboosttoself-confidence.Associatedwithhappiness,justice,andrelationships,jasminehelpsmanifestdesires.Spiritually,jasminestimulatesintuition,bringinginspirationforcreativeendeavorsaswellasclarityforcommunication.Itisalsoinstrumentalforpeace,healing,andoverallwell-being.Usejasmineinspellstoattractluckandprosperityaswellastobindapledge.Thisoil’sgentlepowersofpurification are ideal for anointing and blessing ritual participants. Jasmine isalsoassociatedwithfertility,friendship,anddealingwithproblems.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,Capricorn,PiscesSolar System:Mercury,MoonElements: air, earth,waterGoddesses: Diana,

RhiannonGod:VishnuJuniperBotanicalName:JuniperuscommunisFamily:CupressaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonjuniper,ginberry,juniperberryWithjuniper’snamefromtheDutchjenever,meaning“gin,”juniperberrieshavebeenusedtoflavorginandotherdrinks.48Nativetothenorthernhemisphere,juniperisashrubbyevergreenwithbluish-greenneedlesandgreenberriesthatturnblackastheymature.InancientEgypt,juniperincensewasusedtopurifythesoul,andasanoilitwasusedforanointingboththelivingandthedead.Inadditiontousingjuniperberries

medicinally,theRomansflavoredtheirfoodwiththemwhenblackpepperwasunavailable.InmedievalEurope,juniperboughswereburnedtoguardagainsttheplagueandbundlesofberrieswerehungabovedoorwaystowardoff

Witches.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingunripejuniperberriesproducesawhiteorpaleyellowoilwithasweet,woody-balsamicscent.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Fruit

Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause slight skin irritation; use inmoderationMagicalUsesJuniper is great for purifying large spaces as well as banishing the energy ofnegativepeople. It is instrumental inovercomingproblemsand releasing toxicemotions.Useitfordefenseinmagic,asitisespeciallyeffectiveagainstblackmagic, hexes, and dealing with spirits. This oil enhances divination anddreamwork, and helps increase psychic abilities. Use it to strengthen psychicprotectionaswellastokeepenergygroundedinthephysicalworld.Juniperiseffective for manifesting abundance, love, prosperity, and success. Wherespirituality is concerned, juniper aids in gaining knowledge, growth, andtransformation. Its healing properties support fertility, longevity, and generalwell-being.Itisalsoassociatedwithbeginnings,happiness,secrets,security,andstability.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Leo, Sagittarius Solar System: Mars, Mercury, Moon, Sun

Celebrations:Beltane,Walpurgis,YuleElements: earth, fire,waterGoddesses:Hel,Holle,theMorrigan,RanGods:Balder,LokiLabdanumBotanicalName:CistusladaniferFamily:CistaceaeAlsoKnownAs:cistus,rockrose,sunroseTheleavesofthisbushyshrubare

stickywithoozinggum,which theGreeks called ladan.49 Shepherds collectedthisgumbyherdingtheirsheepthroughthicketsandthencombingitfromtheirfur.IndigenoustotheMediterranean,thelabdanumfromCreteandCypruswasconsideredparticularlyrichandwasusedforholyoilsandincense.Itwaspartofthemedicinal arsenal inEurope from theMiddleAges tomodern times.Eventhough the flowers arewhitewithyellowcenters, they resemble thewild roseclose enough tomerit the common name rock rose. Labdanum should not beconfusedwithlaudanum,atinctureofopium.

OilandBlendingInformationAdarkyelloworamberoilisproducedfromthesteam-distilledgum.Sometimesthe oil is steam-distilled from an absolute. It has a sweet, herbaceous,muskyscent.Strength:5Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Resins

Warning:avoidduringpregnancyMagicalUsesLabdanumisidealforconsecratinganaltaroranyspaceusedformagicorritual.Instrumentalfordivination,itstimulatesintuitionandaidsinreceivingmessagesfrom spirit guides. This oil broadens self-awareness, bringing forth soul-levelknowledge, truth, and renewal. Labdanum is emotionally elevating, yetgrounding,makingitapositiveaidinhealingaswellasdealingwithloss.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithcontrol,trust,andvitality.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Pluto,VenusElement:waterTheLavenderOilsBotanicalFamily:LamiaceaeWithflower-toppedspikes,thelavendersarewoody,shrubbyevergreensthathavebeengardenfavoritesforcenturies.

CommonlyusedinlaundrywatersinceRomantimes,lavender’sgenusnamecomesfromtheLatinlavare,meaning“towash.”50

LavandinBotanicalName:LavandulaxintermediaAlsoKnownAs:bastardlavender,DutchlavenderLavandinisahybridoftrueandspikelavenders.Theplantis

generallylargerthantruelavender,itsstemsmorewoody,anditsflowersblueorgray.Becauselavandin’sscentissimilartotruelavender,itisoftenusedasa

substitute.

OilandBlendingInformationLike its cousins, the flower tops are steam-distilled into a colorless to paleyellowoil.Itsscentisverysimilartotruelavender,butalittlemoreherbaceous.Strength:3Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As

Above/FlowersLavender,SpikeBotanicalName:Lavandulalatifolia,syn.L.spicaAlsoKnownAs:asarum,

aspic,lesserlavender,nardusItalicaOriginatinginthemountainsofFranceandSpain,thisplant’sleavesarewiderandrougherthantruelavender,inspiringitsspeciesname,whichmeans“broad-leaved.”Althoughitsgray-blueflowersaresmallerthanitscousin’s,theyyieldaboutthreetimestheamountofoil.The

ancientGreeksnamedthislavendernardusforthecityofNaardainSyria,fromwhichlavenderwastraded.TheRomanscalledtheplantasaruminthebeliefthataspviperswereoftenfoundunderneath.Popularasastrewingherb,spikelavenderwasrecommendedforanumberofmedicinalpurposesbyherbalist

NicholasCulpeper.

OilandBlendingInformationSteamorwaterdistillingtheflowertopsproducesawhiteorpaleyellowoil.Ithasaherbaceous,lavender-like,andslightlycamphoraceousscent.Strength:3ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Flowers

Warnings: avoid use if you have epilepsy or other seizure disorder Lavender,TrueBotanicalName:Lavandulaangustifolia,syn.L.officinalisAlsoKnownAs:commonlavender,Englishlavender,gardenlavender,truelavenderTrue

lavendercomesfromtheMediterraneanregionandhasnarrow,palegreenleavesandviolet-blueflowers.ItwaspopularwiththeancientGreeksandRomansforscentingsoaps.ThroughoutEuropeduringtheMiddlesAges,itwasassociatedwithloveandthoughttobeanaphrodisiac.Inaddition,itwasbelievedthat

carryinglavendergaveapersontheabilitytoseeghosts.InElizabethanEngland(1558–1603),itwasapopularstrewingherbaswellasascentforlinen

cupboards.SoapmakerWilliamYardley,ofYardleyofLondon,knewagoodthingwhenhesawit(orsmelledit)andmanagedtogetamonopolyon

England’slavenderduringthe1770s.

OilandBlendingInformationAcolorlesstopaleyellowoilisproducedbysteam-distillingtheflowertops.Ithasamellow,floral-herbaceousscentwithbalsamic-woodyundertones.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers

MagicalUsesAll three lavenders enhance awareness and intuition for dreamwork,clairvoyance,andallformsofpsychicwork.Theyalsofosterconcentrationforclarityandinspirationindivination,contactwithspirits,andcommunicationingeneral.Usetheseoils tostaygroundedandstablewhenengagedinspellworkand elfmagic.Withwell-knownpowersof purification, theseoils are ideal forconsecrating sacred space, releasing negativity, and providing protection.Associatedwithbeautyandlove,thelavenderspromotefidelityandrenewalinmarriage aswell as balance and peace in all types of relationships.Lavenderscan assist in healing sexual issues when lust and desire cause emotionalproblemsandsorrow.Onthespiritualsideoflife,theseoilsprovidestrengthandinspiration.Callontheirpowersofmanifestationtoattractprosperity,luck,andwell-being to the home. The lavenders are also associated with courage,creativity,fertility,longevity,andsecrets.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Gemini,Leo,Pisces,VirgoSolarSystem:MercuryElement:

air Celebrations: Litha, Midsummer’s Eve Goddesses: Hecate, Vesta God:Saturn

LemonBotanicalName:CitruslimonFamily:RutaceaeUsedmedicinallythroughoutEuropeforawiderangeofcomplaints,lemonswereconsideredapotentcure-allandbecamestandardcargoonBritishnavalships,especiallyforpreventing

scurvy.Intheseventeenthcentury,theywereaningredientinCarmelitewater,anelixirproducedbyCarmelitenunsthatwasbelievedtopromotehealthandlongevity.NativetoAsiaandeasternIndia,thissmalltreehaslightgreen,toothedleavesandsolitarywhiteflowerstingedwithpink.Lemon’sspecies

namecomesfromtheArabiclimun.51

OilandBlendingInformationCold-pressing theentire fruitproducesapale,greenish-yellowoilwitha light,fruity-citrusscent.Strength:5ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlantPart:AsAbove/FruitWarnings:

maycauseskinirritationorsensitization;causesphotosensitivityMagicalUsesLemon is instrumental in providing a clear perspective when preparing fordivinationaswellasfordealingwitheverydayproblems.Byraisingawareness,lemon increases psychic abilities and inspires movement to a higher spiritualplane.Use thisoil formoonmagicaswellas topurifymagicor ritualobjectswhentheycomeintoyourlife.Withtheabilitytostimulateenergy,lemonaddsstrength toandpromotessuccess inspellwork. It ishelpful forconnectingandcommunicatingwithspiritguidesaswellasmanifestingabundance,happiness,andwell-being.Lemonisalsoassociatedwithconfidenceandkindness.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Cancer,Gemini,PiscesSolarSystem:MoonElement:water

LemonBalmBotanicalName:MelissaofficinalisFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:beebalm,commonbalm,honeyplant,Melissa,sweetbalmKnownwidelyas

Melissa,lemonbalmisabushyherbwithsquare,branchingstems.Itsbrightgreenleavesareoftenheart-shaped,anditssmallclustersofflowersarewhitetoyellowishorpink.FromtheGreekwordforbee,Melissaactuallycalmsandattractsthem,whichiswhybeekeepersoftengrowitneartheirhives.52LemonbalmhoneyhasbeenhighlyvaluedsinceancienttimesandwasmentionedbybothPlinyandDioscorides,whosaidithelpedhealwounds.Inaddition,theherbalpublicationLondonDispensary,publishedin1696,claimedthatlemon

balmstrengthenedthebrainandmemory.ThisplantisindigenoustothemountainsofEuropeandtheMiddleEast.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the leaves and flower tops produces a pale yellow oil with afresh,lemony,herbaceousscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves and

FlowersWarnings:may cause skin irritation;may cause sensitizationMagicalUsesLemon balm is known as an emotional healer, especially when a relationshipends. It brings comfort and peace whenever there is sorrow. This oil isinstrumental for awakening memories for past-life work as well as boostingenergyforpsychicwork.Lemonbalmsupportsfocusfordreamworkaswellasconnectingwithspirits.Providingclarity for findingone’s truepurpose, lemonbalmalsosupportsgrowthandlongevityforcarryingitout.Usethisoiltoattractlove,money,andsuccess. Itspowerofmanifestationcanbringaboutchanges,encourage renewal, and increase vitality. Lemon balm is also associated withbeauty,fertility,happiness,themind,andsexuality.

CorrespondencesZodiac:CancerSolar System: Jupiter, Moon Elements: air, water Goddess: Kupala The

LemongrassOilsFamily:PoaceaeBothoftheseplantsareperennialgrassesthatreachaboutfivefeetinheight.Theyhavenarrowleafbladesandflowersonbranchingstalks.Referringtotheshapeoftheflowers,theirgenusnamecombinestheGreek

wordskymbeandpogon,meaning“boat”and“beard,”respectively.53Bothtypesoflemongrasshavebeencultivatedforcenturiesforculinaryandmedicinaluses.

LemongrassisthefamiliarscentcomponentinIvory®soap.

Lemongrass,EastIndianBotanicalName:CymbopogonflexuosusAlsoKnownAs:BritishIndianlemongrass,fevertea,FrenchIndianverbenaNativetoeasternIndia,thislemongrassisnowcultivatedinthewesternpartofthecountry,whereitis

knownasfevertea.Itsspeciesnamemeans“winding,”referringtothewayitgrowsinazigzagpattern.54

OilandBlendingInformationAyelloworamberoilisproducedbysteam-distillingtheleaves.Thisoilhasagrassy,lemonyscentthatislighterthanitsWestIndiancousin.Strength:5ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves

Warning:maycauseskinirritationLemongrass,WestIndianBotanicalName:CymbopogoncitratesAlsoKnownAs:Guatemalalemongrass,MadagascarlemongrassNativetoSriLanka,thislemongrassisnowcultivatedintheWestIndies,Africa,andtropicalAsia.Itsspeciesnamereferstoitscitrus-

likescent.

OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves are steam-distilled, producing oil that can be yellow, amber, orreddish-brownincolor.Ithasafresh,grassy-citrusscentwithearthyundertones.Strength:5ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves

Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesLemongrassbringsclaritytopreparefordivinationandpsychicwork.Itaidsincontacting spirits and supports clairvoyance. Lemongrass is also useful inopeningthegatesofintuitionandhelpinguslearntotrustwhatwefeel.Useittopurifyamuletsaswellas togroundandcenterenergyformagicor ritual. It isrefreshingforthemindandprovidesfocusforcarryingoutone’spurpose.Whilelemongrassisassociatedwithlustandpassion,italsosupportsfidelity.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithvitality.

CorrespondencesZodiac:GeminiSolarSystem:Mercury,Sun,VenusElement:airLimeBotanicalName:Citrusmedicavar.acidasyn.C.aurantifoliaFamily:RutaceaeAlsoKnownAs:keylime,Mexicanlime,WestIndianlime,sourlimeWellknownforstockingtheirshipswithlimes,Englishsailorsbecameknownaslimeys.However,thisfruitwasusedmedicinallyforarangeofissuesandtopreventscurvysincethetenthcentury.OriginatinginsouthernAsia,thissmalltreehasovalleaves,whiteflowers,andpalegreenfruit.Thespeciesname

aurantifoliameans“golden-leaved.”

OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareobtainedfromlimes.Cold-pressingtheunripepeelsproducesapaleyellowtoolive-greenoilwitha

sweetcitrusscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: AsAbove/FruitWarning:

causesphotosensitivitySteam-distillingthewholeripefruitproducesawhitetopaleyellowoilwithafruity,cleanscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: AsAbove/FruitWarning:

causesphotosensitivityMagicalUsesLime is an energizing oil that stimulates the mind and aids in manifestingabundanceandsuccess.Useitforpurificationtoconsecratetoolsandtocreateaprotective shieldagainstnegativity.Thisoil increases theeffectivenessof lovespells, and is especially helpful when seeking fidelity. In addition, its healingproperties enhance vitality and well-being. Lime is also associated withconfidence,friendship,andkindness.

CorrespondencesZodiac:LeoSolarSystem:Mercury,SunElements:fire,waterLitseaBotanicalName:LitseacubebaFamily:LauraceaeAlsoKnownAs:exotic

verbena,MayChang,mountainpepper,tropicalverbenaThisshrubbytreefromeasternAsiahaspointed,ovalleavesandsmall,lemon-scented,yellow-white

flowers.Resemblingpeppercorns,thefruitisoftensubstitutedforpepper(Pipercubeba).Theleaves,flowers,andbarkhavebeenusedinChinesemedicineforcenturies.Litseaisoftenemployedasanalternativetolemongrassandverbena.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingthefruitproducesapaleyellowoilwithasweet,lemony-citrusscent.Strength:4ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middle to topPlantPart:AsAbove/Fruit

Warning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesLitsea isnotwellknown foruse in ritual andmagic,but it is a lovelyoil thatbrings a great deal of potential. It aids in grounding and centering energy forritualaswellasincreasingenergyformagicwork.Uselitseatoprovidestrengthfor self-examinationwhen dealingwith emotional turmoil. Litsea lightens theheart, fosteringhappiness,hope,andrenewal.Additionally, thisoilcanhelp tomanifestabundanceandsuccessinallareasoflife.

CorrespondenceElement:waterLovageBotanicalName:LevisticumofficinaleFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

commonlovage,gardenlovage,Maggiherb,oldEnglishlovageLovagegetsitnicknameMaggiherbfromSwissmillerandinventorJuliusMaggi(1846–1912),whocreatedthefirstinstant,ready-to-usesoupwithit.55Nativeto

southernEuropeandwesternAsia,lovagehasdensefoliageandgreenish-yellowflowers.Itcangrowtosixfeettall.Thestalks,whichlooklikegiantcelery,havebeenusedasavegetablesinceancienttimes.TheRomansadoreditanduseditforflavoring,whiletheGreeksuseditmedicinally.IntheMiddleAges,itwasknownasloveacheandloveparsley.InEnglandandEasternEurope,itwasusedasanaphrodisiacaswellasadeodorant.Lovagewasbothfoodandmedicinefor

EnglishcolonistsinAmerica.

OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedfromlovage.Steam-distilling the leaves and stalks creates a pale yellow oil with a spicy

scentthathassweet-floralundertones.Strength:3ScentGroup: spicyPerfumeNote:middle to topPlant Part: N/AWarnings:

maycausephotosensitivity;maycausesensitivity;avoidduringpregnancyThesteam-distilledrootsproducealightyellowtoamber-coloredoil.Ithasaspicyscentwithhintsofceleryandangelica.Strength:4ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:SoBelow/Roots

Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause photosensitivity; may causesensitivityMagicalUsesLovageis instrumental inattractinga lover,aswellaspromotingromanceandpassion. It isalso instrumental inmagic related tosex.Thisoilcanbeused toactivate energy for psychic work and dreamwork. Use it for purification andclearingawaynegativitywhenseeking justice.Lovagecankeepyougroundedfor divination and provides stability when connecting with the Otherworld.Lovageisalsoassociatedwithcycles,longevity,renewal,andsecrets.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Pisces,TaurusSolarSystem:Sun,VenusElements:earth(rootoil),fire

MandarinBotanicalName:CitrusreticulataFamily:RutaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Europeanmandarin,mandarinorange,truemandarinCultivatedforabout4,000years,thefruitofthissmalltreehasbeenusedmedicinallythroughoutAsia.ThisnativeofsouthernChinahasglossyovalleaves,whiteflowers,andeasy-to-peelfruitthatcanbeorangeoryellow.ThespeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinreticulate,

meaning“netted,”whichreferstothewhitenet-likepithunderneaththepeel.Itwasn’tuntiltheearlynineteenthcenturythatmandarinswereintroducedinto

Europe.

OilandBlendingInformationThepeel iscold-pressed,producingagreenish-orangeoilwithasweet,almostfloral-fruityscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: AsAbove/FruitWarning:

maycausephotosensitivityMagicalUsesMandarin is well known for fostering prosperity, success, and well-being. Itclears negative thoughts, bringing clarity and inspiration. Use mandarin tostrengthen your defenses when engaging in divination and magic work. Itprovides a boost in confidence that can increase the effectiveness of spells.Mandarincanalsohelpmanifestabundancewhennotusedselfishly.Inaddition,thisoilpromotesspiritualdevelopmentandaidsintranscendingthemundane.Itisalsoassociatedwithhappinessandkindness.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:SunElements:fire,waterMarjoramBotanicalName:Origanummarjorana,syn.MarjoranahortensisFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:joyofthemountain,knottedmarjoram,sweet

marjoramMarjoramisabushyherbwithdarkgreen,ovalleavesandclustersofwhitish-grayflowers.ItitindigenoustotheMediterraneanregion.TheRomanscalledittheherbofhappinessandgaveittocouplesontheirweddingday.56TheGreeksbelievedthatmarjorambloomingonagravemeantthatthedeceasedhadfoundeternalhappiness.Marjoramwassometimesplantedingraveyardstofosterpeaceforthedeadaswellastheirmourners.Additionally,thisherbwasassociatedwithlongevity.DuringtheMiddleAges,marjoramwasusedfor

divinationbyanointingoneselfbeforebedtoencouragedreamsofone’sfuturepartner.ItwasalsousedtobreakWitches’spells.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheflowersandleavesproducesapaleyelloworamberoilwithaspicy-herbaceousandslightlywoodyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves

andFlowersWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;useinmoderationMagicalUsesMarjoramiseffectiveatSamhainorwheneverthereisadeath,tobringcomfortto thedeceasedandsend themonapeaceful journey through theafterlife.Forthe living it eases sorrow, supports healing, and helps retainmemories.Use itbefore ritual to balance personal energy and release negativity as well as tocleansemagicandritualtools.Marjoramsupportsdefensivemagic,avertsblackmagic, andprotects thehome. It alsoprovidesprotection fromhexes.Thisoilprovidesfocusforpsychicworkandpromotes thedevelopmentof theseskills.Use it to bolster sexual attraction and in dreamwork to help find your lover.Where marriage is concerned, marjoram aids in creating a foundation forsecurity and happiness. Use it to initiate change and growth that bringsprosperity and renewed purpose. Marjoram is also associated with beauty,fertility,vitality,andwell-being.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Gemini, Libra, Virgo Solar System: Mercury Element: air

Celebration:SamhainGoddesses:Aphrodite,Kupala,VenusTheMintOilsBotanicalFamily:LamiaceaeMintwasassociatedwithDemeter,who,accordingtolegend,ateapureeofmint,flour,andwaterbeforepursuing

PersephoneintotheUnderworld.ThismixtureissaidtohavebeenusedduringtheMysteriesofDemeterritualsatEleusis.ThegenusnameformintcomesfromthenymphMentheinGreekmythology,whotransformedherselfintoaplanttoavoidtheadvancesofHades.InotherversionsofthestoryitisHades

whotransformshertoevadethewrathofhiswifePersephone.

PeppermintBotanicalName:MenthaxpiperitaAlsoKnownAs:balmmint,brandymint

Withserratedleavesalongstemscrownedbytightwhorlsoftinypurpleflowers,thisannualherbisamainstayofmanygardens.Peppermintisanaturally

occurringhybridbetweenspearmint(Menthaspicata)andwatermint(Menthaaquatic).ItsspeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinpiper,becausethetasteofthisherbhasahintofpepper.57PeppermintwasusedmedicinallyandinthereligiousceremoniesoftheancientGreeksandRomans.BytheeighteenthcenturyitwaswidelyusedformedicinalandculinarypurposesthroughoutEuropeandNorthAmerica.In1879,mint-scentedcandlesbecameenormouslypopularaftertheBritishMedicalJournalnotedthatmentholrelievedheadacheandneuralgia.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling peppermint leaves produces a pale yellow or greenish oil. Itsscentismintyandcamphoraceous.Strength:5ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Flowers

Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritation;avoidifyouhavehigh blood pressure; not compatible with homeopathic treatment; use inmoderationMagicalUsesPeppermint stimulates the mind, bringing clarity and focus while promotinginspiration and creativity. It increases psychic awareness and strengthensdivination skills as well as prophetic dreaming. Use it to activate spells forattractingmoney, luck, and love. This oil can also be used to enhance sexualstimulation and lust. Banishing all forms of negative energy, peppermint’spowersofpurificationhelptoreleasememoriesandemotions.Inaddition,itisan aid for healing and for bolstering self-worth as well as for overcomingproblems. Peppermint is also associated with beauty, changes, fertility, andincreasingvitality.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Aries, Gemini, Virgo Solar System: Mercury, Venus

Elements: air, fire Goddesses: Demeter, Kupala Gods: Hades, Pluto, ZeusSpearmintBotanicalName:Menthaspicata,syn.M.viridisAlsoKnownAs:greenmint,lambmint,ourlady’smint,sageofBethlehemThespeciesnameofthisherbcomesfromtheLatinspicate,meaning“withspikes.”58Similartoitscousinpeppermint,spearminthastightwhorlsofpinkorlilac-coloredflowersatop

spikesofbrightgreenleaves.ThisplantoriginatedintheMediterraneanregion.Ingeneral,mintswereconsideredaphrodisiacsbytheGreeks,whoalsosprinkledspearmintleavesinbathwaterforrestorativesoaks.Forcertain

festivalsinancientRome,peoplewovetheplantsintogarlandscalledCoronaVeneris,crownofVenus.59SpearmintwasusedbytheSpanishasastrewingherb

inplacesofworshipwhiletheMayansusedittoinducelabor.

OilandBlendingInformationA pale yellow or olive-colored oil is produced by steam-distilling the flowertops.Ithasaspicy-herbaceous,mintyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Flowers

MagicalUsesSpearmintstimulatesthemind,strengtheningconcentrationandmemory.Useittopurify ritualobjectsaswellas to increasespiritualawareness. Itsprotectivepowersareespeciallyusefulforthehomebecauseitfosterssecurityandasenseof trust. Spearmint is stimulating and especially useful in spells for attractinglove, luck, and prosperity. This oil is an aid for increasing vitality, promotinghealing, and encouraging growth. Spearmint is also associated with beauty,changes,clarity,andfertility.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Gemini,LibraSolarSystem:VenusElements:air,waterGods:Hades,

PlutoGoddesses:Demeter,Kupala,VenusMugwortBotanicalName:ArtemisiavulgarisFamily:AsteraceaeAlsoKnownAs:

armoise,felonherb,St.John’splant,wildwormwoodNamedinhonorofthegoddessArtemis,protectorofwomenduringchildbirth,mugwortwasprescribed

byDioscoridesandHippocratesasasedativetoaidinthebirthingprocess.Romansoldiersalsofoundthisherbusefulintheirsandalstokeeptheirfeetingoodconditionwhileonlongmarches.Medievalpilgrimsemployedmugwortmedicinallyaswellasanamuletforprotectionagainstbeastsanddemons.

Additionally,itwasbelievedthatmugwortunderthepillowwouldencouragepropheticdreams.InEnglanditsusesrangedfrommakingbeertokeepingmothsoutofclothes.Thisfive-foot-tall,branchingperennialhasdarkgreen

leaves,purplishstems,andyellow-to-reddish-brownflowers.MugwortisnativetoEasternEuropeandwesternAsia.

OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves and flower tops are steam-distilled, producing a colorless or paleyellowoil.Ithasabitter-sweetherbaceousscentthatisslightlycamphoraceous.Strength:4ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves

and Flowers Warnings: abortifacient, avoid during pregnancy; orally toxic;hazardousifusedontheskin

MagicalUsesMugwort is instrumental inhoningdivinationskills,especiallyscrying,aswellasforpurifyingandconsecratingdivinationtools.Thisoilenhancesawarenessas it aids astral projection and dreamwork. With strong defensive powers,mugwortprotectsagainstspellsandprovidesexcellentprotectionforthehome.Itsupportstheabilitytoseespiritsaswellastocontactspiritguides.Mugwortisparticularlypotentforenergyandpsychicwork,andclairvoyanceinparticular.Itcan help you define your purpose for spells to attract or banish energy.Mugwort’shealingpotentialhelpstoreleaseoldbaggageandencouragegrowthas well as invite happiness and beauty into your life. Additionally, this oil isassociatedwithanimals,beginnings,fertility,love,andstrength.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,Gemini,Libra,Sagittarius,TaurusSolarSystem:Moon,Venus

Elements:air,earth,waterCelebration:SamhainGoddesses:Artemis,DianaTheMyrrhOilsBotanicalFamily:BurseraceaeThewordmyrrhcomesfromtheArabicandHebrewmurrandmor,meaning“bitter.”60Thegenusnameoftheseplants,

Commiphora,means“gum-bearing.”61

MyrrhBotanicalName:CommiphoramyrrhaAlsoKnownAs:commonmyrrh,hirabolmyrrhTheGreekscalledthisthorny,shrubbytreebalsamodendron,balsam

tree.62NativetonortheasternAfricaandtheRedSearegion,myrrhwasinhighdemandthroughouttheancientworldasaningredientforperfumeandmedicine.Itwasalsousedforritualpurificationforthelivingaswellasthedead.Withthebeliefthatitsaromapleaseddeities,myrrhbecameanimportanttempleincense

inEgypt.ItwasusedasamiddayofferingtothesungodRaandamoonofferingintemplesdedicatedtoIsis.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheresinproducesapaleyellowtoamber-coloredoilthathasarich,bitter-spicyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Resins

Warning:avoidduringpregnancyOpopanaxBotanicalName:Commiphoraerythraeavar.glabrascensAlsoKnownAs:

bisabol,sweetmyrrhSimilarinappearancebutsmallerthanitscousinmyrrh,opopanaxisindigenoustoeasternAfrica,wherethescentedbarkfromthistree

hasbeenburnedasanincenseforcenturies.Oftenspelledopoponax,itscommonnameisasourceofmuchconfusion.FromtheGreekopos,juice,andpanax,plant,opopanaxcametomeanallhealingjuiceandwasassociatedwiththegumfromtheparsnip-likeOpopanaxchironiumintheApiaceaebotanical

family.63

OilandBlendingInformationTheoleogumiswaterorsteam-distilled,producingayellow,orange,orolive-coloredoil.Ithasasweet-balsamic,spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Resins

MagicalUsesAlthoughdifferentinaroma,themyrrhsarepowerfulpurifyingscents.Usethemtoconsecratealtarsandamulets,aswellas ritualandmagic tools.Themyrrhsenhanceawarenessandfocusfordivination,past-life,andpsychicworkaswellas communicatingwith spirits. Instrumental for angel, animal, and sexmagic,these oils provide strength formanifesting your intentions. They are powerfulalliesfordispellinghexesandbanishingwhatyounolongerneed.Usetheseoilstobuildaprotectiveshieldwhencastingspellsaswellastobolstercontrolandsuccess.Alsousethemtoclearawaynegativitywhenpreparingsacredspaceaswellas togroundenergyafterritual.Theseoilsreleaseemotionalandspiritualblockages,bringinghealing,renewal,andtransformation.Fosteringbalanceandwell-being,themyrrhsaidinconfrontingproblems.Workingwithsubtleenergy,themyrrhs help dealwith loss and sorrowwhen a loved one passes, bringingcomfort and peace. These oils are also associated with abundance, growth,longevity,andvitality.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Cancer, Capricorn, Pisces, ScorpioSolar System: Jupiter,

Mars (opopanax), Moon, Pluto, Saturn, SunCelebration: Yule Elements: air,waterGoddesses:Aphrodite,Cybele,Demeter,Hecate, Isis, Juno,RheaGods:Adonis,Ra,SaturnMyrtleBotanicalName:MyrtuscommunisFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:CorsicanpepperNativetonorthernAfrica,myrtlewascommonlybelievedthroughouttheMiddleEasttobeaplantfromtheGardenofEden.Thisevergreenshrubhasdark,pointedleaves,whiteflowers,andpurplish-blackberries.Myrtleisasymbolofsensuallove,passion,andimmortality.Greekbridesadorned

themselveswiththeflowersforgoodluckaswellastoenhancefertility.WhilemyrtlewasalsoanemblemofpeacetotheGreeks,whodedicateditto

Aphrodite,theRomansconsidereditaniconofvictory“throughpersuasionandnegotiation.”64Inaddition,Romansburnedmyrtleleavesassmokesacrificeintemplesandadornedhomealtarswithitsbranches.BoththeGreeksandRomansuseditinhonorofpoets,indicatingthattheirworkandfamewouldliveforever.

ItwasalsoacrownofhonorthatthepriestsofPersiaworeduringrituals.Throughthecenturies,myrtleretaineditsglamour,andinthe1700sitwasused

inaskinlotioncalledAngel’sWater.

OilandBlendingInformationMyrtle leaves are steam-distilled into a pale yellow or orange oil that has asweet-herbaceousandslightlycamphoraceousscent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As

Above/LeavesMagicalUsesMyrtle is strongly associated with love, marriage, and sexual passion. It alsopromotesfertilityandfidelity,andaidsindealingwithsorrow.Thisoilsupportspsychicwork,particularlycommunicationwith thosewhohavepassedbeyondtheveil.Itaidsinfindingpeacebyreleasingemotions.Myrtleisinstrumentalinattractingabundanceandblessingstothehome,aswellaskeepingitsafe.Useittobolsterenergyforcreativeprojectsandanythingthatfosterspersonalgrowth.Myrtle enhances determination and provides strengthwhen defining your truepurposeinlife.Myrtleisalsoassociatedwithcyclesandprosperity.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Sagittarius Solar System: Venus Celebrations: Lughnasadh, Mabon

Elements: air, water Goddesses: Aphrodite, Artemis, Astarte, Hathor, Ishtar,VenusGods:Dionysus,ErosNeroli:SeetheOrangeOils

NiaouliBotanicalNames:MelaleucaviridifloraandMelaleucaquinquenervia

viridifloraFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:broad-leafedteatree,punktreeNativetoAustralia,niaouliisacousintocajeput,teatree,andeucalyptus.Theniaoulitreehassmall,pointedleavesandspikesofyellowishflowers.NiaoulioilwasoriginallycalledgomenolfortheprovinceofGomeninNewCaledonia,

northeastofAustralia,whereitwasfirstdistilled.

OilandBlendingInformationNiaouliisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheleavesandyoungtwigs.Theoilcan be colorless, pale yellow, or greenish and has an earthy-herbaceous scentreminiscentofeucalyptus.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlant Part: SoBelow/Twigs

andLeavesMagicalUsesWith strong cleansing properties, this oil is ideal for purification of areas andobjects.Alsowaftitintheairbeforemagicworktoclearnegativethoughtsandenergy. Niaouli helps dispel mental fatigue, invigorate the mind, and balanceemotions. It also boosts protection and strengthens determination. This oilfosterskindnessandhopewhilepromotinghealingandgrowth.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:MercuryElements:air,earthNutmegBotanicalName:Myristicafragrans,syn.M.officinalisFamily:MyristicaceaeWithshinyovalleavesandclustersofsmallyellowflowers,thistreeproducestwowell-knownaromaticspices:nutmegandmace.Notsurprisingly,itsspeciesnamemeans“scented.”Intheseventhcentury,Arabphysiciansnotednutmeg’suseasageneraldigestiveremedyaswellasanaphrodisiac.Bythetwelfthcentury,nutmegwasintroducedintoEurope,whereitwasoftenwornasan

amulettowardoffillness.ThetreeisindigenoustoIndonesia.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheseedkernelsproducesawhiteorpaleyellowoil thathasasweet,warm-spicyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So

Below/SeedsWarnings: avoid during pregnancy; use in moderation MagicalUsesNutmeg heightens awareness, stimulates psychic energy, and supportsdreamwork.Itincreasesmagicalenergyandaidsinturningenchantmentbackonthe enchanter. Use it for protection against hexes as well as to break them.Nutmegpromotesfocusfordivinationandsupportsclairvoyance.Inaddition,itfostersmentalclarityforaccessingmemories.Useittostrengthendeterminationwhenseekingjusticeorwhenyouneedtoreleasethingsfromyourlife.Nutmegisidealforincreasingthepowerofabundance/prosperityspellsaswellasthosethat initiate change. This oil encourages balance and fidelity inmatters of theheart.Nutmegisalsoassociatedwithcreativity,beginnings,beauty,cycles,andwell-being.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Leo,Pisces,SagittariusSolarSystem:Jupiter,MoonElements:air,fire

OakmossBotanicalName:EverniaprunastriFamily:UsneaceaeAlsoKnownAs:moussedechene,treemossDanglinglikeSpanishmoss,thislight-greenlichengrowsmainlyonoaktrees,henceitsname.However,itisoftenfoundonpineand

spruceaswell.TheFrenchnamemoussedechenemeans“moss-coveredoak.”ItsspeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinpruinatus,meaning“frostedover,”whichisthevisualeffectoakmossgivestothetreesonwhichitgrows.65TheancientEgyptiansusedittoflavorandleavenbreads,andleftbasketsofitintombs.

EventhoughitisindigenoustoEurope,itspopularityinperfumesdidn’ttakeoffthereuntilthesixteenthcentury.

OilandBlendingInformationThe entire plant is used to create a pale yellow or olive-colored absolute bysolventextraction.Ithasanearthy,bark-likescent.Strength:3ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:N/AMagicalUses

Theenergyofoakmossisespeciallygrounding,whichaidspsychicandspiritualjourneywork.This oil is effective for honoring loved ones at Samhain and isinstrumentalincontactingotherrealmsaswellasconnectingwithforestspirits.It supports divination and clairvoyance.Oakmoss adds a boost tomagicworkhelpingtomanifestyourdreams.Itisalsoinstrumentalinbreakinghexes.Useittoattractmoneyandluckaswellassecurity.Oakmossisalsoassociatedwiththeemotionsandfindingone’spurpose.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Capricorn,TaurusSolarSystem:Jupiter,Mercury,MoonCelebration:

SamhainElements:earth,waterGoddess:Persephone

Opopanax:SeetheMyrrhOils

TheOrangeOilsBotanicalFamily:RutaceaeOnetheoryaboutthewordorangeisthatitcomesfromthePersiannameofthefruit,narang,whichwasderivedfromtheArabicnarandj.66AnothertheoryisthatitcomesfromSanskritnagarunga,meaning“fruitfavoredbyelephants.”67Whatevertheoriginofitsname,itisthoughtthatanorangemayhavebeentheso-calledgoldenappleinGreekmyththatGaiapresentedtoZeus.Oilsfromtwotypesoforangetrees,bitterandsweet,are

includedinthisbook.Thebitterorangetree(Citrusaurantium)producesthreeessentialoils:nerolifromtheblossoms,petitgrainfromtheleaves,andbitter

orangefromthefruit.

Neroli/OrangeBlossomBotanicalName:CitrusaurantiumThistypeoforangetreehasdark,glossy

leavesandwhiteflowers.Theoilfromtheorangeblossomwasnamedinhonoroftheseventeenth-centuryprincess(orpossiblycountess)Anne-Marieof

Nerola,Italy,whoadoredthefragrance,thusmakingitalltheragethroughoutEurope.Symbolizingchastity,orangeblossomshavebeenamainstayofbridalbouquetsforcenturies.InNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast,theseflowershave

beenusedasculinaryandmedicinalingredients.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling orange blossoms produces an oil that is pale yellow to coffeebrown.Ithasalight,sweet-floralscent.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers

MagicalUsesNeroliisinstrumentalforattractingloveandpromotingalong,happymarriage.Its associationwith sexualityworks tocultivateone’suniquebeautyandbuildconfidence.Thisoilaidsinexpressinginnertruthsandopensthedoortopsychicawarenessaswellasother realms.Use it fornightmagicand tocommunicatewiththespiritworld.Nerolifosterskindnessaswellasapeacefulhome.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithcreativity,fertility,strength,andwell-being.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,LeoSolarSystem:Sun,UranusElements:air,fireOrange,BitterBotanicalName:CitrusaurantiumAlsoKnownAs:Sevilleorange,sourorangeNativetoChinaandIndia,bitterorangehasbeenusedasfoodandmedicineforthousandsofyears.InChinesemedicineitisusedtoregulatetheflowofenergy.Asatradecommodity,ArabstransportedtheseorangesfromtheEasttotheMediterraneanregioninthetenthcentury,andbytheMiddlesAgesthisfruitwasknownthroughoutEurope.Itswideculinaryusesincludemarmalade,a

BelgianbeercalledOrangeMuscat,andliquorssuchastriplesec.

OilandBlendingInformationCold-pressingtheouterpeelproducesadarkorbrownishyellowoil.Unlikeitsname suggests, it has a fresh citrus scent similar to grapefruitwith an almostfloralundertone.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlantPart:AsAbove/FruitWarnings:

maycauseskinirritation;causesphotosensitivityOrange,SweetBotanicalName:Citrussinensissyn.C.dulcisAlsoKnownAs:Chinaorange,

PortugalorangeOriginatinginChina,thistreeresemblesthebitterorange,butisslightlysmaller.SweetorangewasintroducedintoEuropefromtheMiddleEastintheeighteenthcenturyandwasquicklyadoptedasaningredientformullingwine.Itbecameafashionableluxuryforlargeestatestohaveanorangerie,a

specialgreenhouseinwhichtogrowcitrusplantsincoolerclimates.

OilandBlendingInformationTheentire fruit is cold-pressed,producinganoil that isyellow-orange todarkorange.Itsscentisasweet,fresh-fruitycitrus.Strength:3Scent Group: citrus Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Fruit

Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesBoth bitter and sweet orange aid in self-awareness, stimulate creativity, andsupport thosewho followa different drummer.These oils redirect energy intopositivethinkingandemotionalclaritytobuildconfidenceandasenseofwell-being.Theyarealsohelpfultomanifestlove,peace,andfidelity.Usethemforpre-ritual purification and to provide focus for divination, dreamwork, andcommunicationwith spirits.Theorangescan increase the successof spells forabundance, happiness, andmoney. They are also associated with fertility andstrength.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:SunZodiac: Leo, SagittariusElements: fire,waterGoddesses:

Fortuna,GaiaGod:ZeusPetitgrain

BotanicalName:CitrusaurantiumThenamepetitgrainmeans“littlegrains”andcomesfromatimewhentiny,unripeorangeswereusedformakingoil.

OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesandtwigsofthebitterorangetreearesteam-distilledtocreateanoilthat ispaleyellowtoamber incolor. Ithasafloral-citrusscentwithawoody-herbaceousundertone.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:topPlantPart:SoBelow/TwigsandLeaves

MagicalUsesPetitgrainpromotesconfidenceandtrustinselfandothers.Itsharpensthemind,increasingawareness andbringingclarityof innervision.Use it for focusandprotectionwhenchannelingorengaginginotherpsychicwork.Petitgrainhelpstoawakendeepmemoriesthatleadthewaytopersonalgrowthandwell-being.Thisoilfostersbalance,kindness,andstrength.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,LeoSolarSystem:SunElements:earth,fireOreganoBotanicalName:OriganumvulgareFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonoregano,joyofthemountain,shepherd’sthyme,wildmarjoramAlthoughitsharesthenicknamejoyofthemountainwithitsclosecousin

marjoram,thisismoreaproposforthenameoregano,whichisacombinationoftheGreekwordsoros,for“mountain,”andganos,meaning“joy.”68Nativeto

Europe,thisbushyherbhasdarkgreenleavesandpinkish-purpleflowers.Itwasconsideredageneralcure-allbytheancientGreeks,and,accordingtolegend,AphroditeemployedittohealAeneas’woundsafterthebattleofTroy.AsadecorativefeatureatGreekandRomanweddings,theoreganowreathwasa

symbolofhappiness.Longbeforehopscameintovogue,thisherbwaspopularforflavoringalesandbeers.InadditiontoflavoringfoodincolonialAmerica,oreganoflowertopswereusedtodyewoolapurplishcolorandlinenareddish-

brown.

OilandBlendingInformationApaleyellowoilwithaspicy-herbaceousscentisproducedbysteam-distillingtheflowers.Strength:5ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Flowers

Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinMagicalUsesUse oregano to bring peace as well as to foster happiness and security inrelationships.Byencouraging focus andclarityof thought, it provides supportforpsychicwork.Itisinstrumentalinblackanddefensivemagic,especiallyforprovidingprotectionagainsthexes.Associatedwiththeafterlife, thisoilbringscomfort during sorrow and helps retain memories of loved ones. Oregano’spurificationpropertiesprovidebalanceforhealingemotionalturmoil,layingthegroundwork for positive change. Use this oil in spells to attract beauty andprosperitytothehome.Oreganohelpstoincreasevitalityforfertility,aswellasamoresatisfyingsexlife.ItisalsoassociatedwithtruthandtheOtherworld.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,Gemini,Libra,VirgoSolar System:Mars,MercuryElements:

air,fireGoddesses:Aphrodite,Kupala,VenusPalmarosaBotanicalName:Cymbopogonmartiniivar.motiaFamily:PoaceaeAlsoKnownAs:EastIndiangeranium,Indianrosha,TurkishgeraniumPalmarosaisawildherbaceousplantindigenoustoIndiaandPakistan.Ithaslong,flower-topped

stemsandgrass-likeleaves.ThewordsIndianandTurkishinitsnamesdatetoatimewhenthisplantwasshippedfromBombay(nowMumbai),India,tovariousplacesontheRedSea.Geraniumbecamepartofitsname,too,becauseitsscentissimilartorosegeranium.Palmarosahasbeenusedforculinaryandmedicinalpurposes,aswellastoflavortobacco.Withitsrose-likescent,ithasevenbeen

usedtodiluteotto(oil)ofrose.

OilandBlendingInformationApaleyellowtoolive-coloredoil isproducedbysteamorwaterdistillationoftheleaves.Ithasasweet,floral,rose-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

MagicalUsesPalmarosa’sstimulatingpropertieshelptoclearthemindandenhancetheabilityto focus for decision-making. Encouraging personal growth, it aids in findingone’spurposeaswellasovercomingproblems.Itishelpfulwheneveryouneedtogroundandcenterenergy.Ahealeronall levels, thisoilprovidesemotionalstrengthandcouragewhen recovering from lost love.Use it forelfmagicandfor seeking their blessings. Palmarosa is also associated with relationships,peace,andspirituality.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,PiscesSolarSystem:VenusElements:air,waterParsleyBotanicalName:PetroselinumsativumFamily:ApaiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

commonorgardenparsleyThisbiennialherbwithitsfamiliarcrinklyleavesandgreenish-yellowflowersisbestknownforremovingthesmellofonionand

garlicfromthebreath.Itsgenusnamemeans“stonecelery,”whichisattributedtoparsley’sabilitytogrowinrockysoilinitsnativeMediterraneanregion.69

Accordingtolegend,Herculesadornedhimselfwiththeplant,thusmakingitasymbolofstrengthandvigor.TheGreeksuseditmedicinallybutnotasa

culinaryherb,becauseitwasbelievedtobesacredtothedead.TheRomansassociateditwithPersephoneandtheUnderworldanduseditinfuneralrites.

DuringtheMiddleAgestherewasafolkbeliefthatparsleygrewespeciallywellwhereawomanwasinchargeofthehousehold.Inaddition,itwascustomaryinsomepartsofEnglandtoplantparsleyoncertaindayssuchasGoodFridayandMidsummer’sDay,becauseofthebeliefthatitwouldkeepfairiesawayfrom

crops.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheseedsproducesanoilthatcanbeyellow,amber,orbrownishincolor.Ithasawoody-spicy,herbaceousscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAboveandSo

Below/SeedsWarnings: avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskin irritation;useinmoderationMagicalUsesParsley’sassociationwiththeafterlifeandfuneraryritualsmakesitappropriateto honor and remember lovedones at Samhain. It is a potent ally for elementmagic, ritual purification, and protection in general. Supporting concentrationandbalance,thisoilisinstrumentalinastralwork.Useittofosterkindnesswhenfeeling emotionally fragile during times of change. Parsley is instrumental forkeeping cycles turning, initiating renewal, and ushering in fresh, newbeginnings.Itisalsoassociatedwithlustandmoney.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Gemini,LibraSolarSystem:Mercury,PlutoElements: air,

fireCelebrations:Midsummer’sDay,SamhainGoddess:PersephonePatchouliBotanicalName:PogostemoncablinFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

patchouly,puchaputPatchouli’sgenusnamecomesfromtheHindustaniwordsfor“leaf”and“green.”70Thebrightgreenleavesofthisbushyplantarelargeand

fuzzy,andthewhiteflowershaveahintofpurple.NativetotropicalAsia,patchouliwasusedmedicinallythroughoutAsiaandtheMiddleEast.Arabiantravelersstuffedpillowswithpatchoulileavesforprotectionagainstillnessaswellastopromotelongevity.PatchouligainednoticeinEuropeduringtheearly1800sfromthesachetsthatweretuckedintoshipmentsofhandmadeshawlstoprotectthemfrominsectsduringtheirpassagefromIndia.ThisfragrancewasthehallmarkofauthenticIndiansilks,andmorethanacenturylateritbecame

thescentforthecountercultureofthe1960sand1970s.

OilandBlendingInformationPatchouli leaves are steam-distilled, producing an amberor darkorangeoil. Ithasarich,herbaceous-earthyscentthatgetsstrongeranddeeperasitages.Strength:4Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: base Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

MagicalUsesGrounding yet enlightening, patchouli aids in transcending boundaries andconnectingwith theOtherworld.Associatedwith spirituality, patchouli fostersgrowth and is ideal for blessings. This oil is especially supportive forclairvoyanceanddivination.Useitformagic,especiallywhendefenseisneededasitprovidesstrongpsychicprotection.Itisknownforincreasingthepowerofspells andbreakinghexes;however, ifpatchouli isused toplaceahex, itwillbackfire. Employ it to attract love, prosperity, and money, as well as forpurificationandrenewal.Patchouli’searthinessintensifiesthesenses,increasingfertility and lust. Known for engendering happiness, it dispels negativity andbrings peace to the home. This oil can help manifest your wishes and bringsuccess.Patchoulialsoaidsincommunicatingwithspiritsaswellasbanishingthem. It sharpens themind forgainingknowledge,workingoutproblems, andenhancing creativity. When dealing with the death of a loved one, patchoulihelpstoholdontomemoriesaswellasreleasebondsthatmaykeepaspiritfrommoving on to the next world. Patchouli is also associated with justice, luck,passion,andpurpose.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Capricorn, Scorpio, Taurus, Virgo Solar System: Mars,

Saturn Elements: air, earth Celebration: Samhain Goddess: Modron Pepper,BlackBotanicalName:PipernigrumFamily:PiperaceaeIndigenoustosouthwesternIndia,thiswoodyvinecangrowupto16feetlong.Ithassmallwhiteflowers

andheart-shapedleaves.Theredberriesturnblackastheyripenandbecomethefamiliarpeppercorns.Asanimportanttradecommodityinthefourthcentury,pepperwasthemust-havefoodflavoring.Medicinally,pepperhasbeenusedinChinaandIndiaforthousandsofyears.Inaddition,monksthroughoutIndiauseditdailytoincreaseenergyandstaminafortheirrigorous,asceticwayoflife.PepperwassovaluableinEuropeduringtheMiddleAgesthatitservedaspaymentfordowriesandtaxes.Merchantswhowerecalled“pepperers”and

“spicers”dispensedtheirwaresforculinaryandmedicinalpurposesandbecametheforerunnersofapothecaries.71

OilandBlendingInformationTheunripefruitissteam-distilled,producingawhitetopaleolive-coloredoil.Ithasa somewhat sharp, spicy, and slightlywoodyscent.Unlikegroundpepper,theoildoesnotcausesneezing.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:AsAbove/Fruit

Warnings:maycauseskinirritation;notcompatiblewithhomeopathictreatment;useinmoderationMagicalUsesPepper’s energizing qualities stimulate the mind, bringing focus and innerstrength.Useittoamplifyawarenessfordreamworkanddivination.Peppercanget things goingwhen you are in a rut and help resolve problems.This oil isinstrumental in defensivemagic when seeking justice. It also helps to bolsterdetermination and courage, and bring success. Effective for banishings andbinding spells, pepper also removes hexes. Its purification properties make itideal for consecrating ritual gear to release old energy andprovideprotection.Additionally, it aids in manifesting abundance and security. Pepper is alsoassociatedwithhealing,increase,andlust.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries Solar System: Mars Elements: fire, water Petitgrain: See the

OrangeOils

PineBotanicalName:PinussylvestrisFamily:PinaceaeAlsoKnownAs:forestpine,Scotchpine,ScotspineReachingover100feettall,thisevergreenhasrough,reddish-brownbark;pointedbrowncones;andneedlesthatgrowinpairs.PinewasassociatedwithPanandotherwoodlandgods,anditsspeciesnamemeans“ofthewoodsorforests.”72ExtensivelyusedforshipbuildinginancientGreece,pinewasdedicatedtotheseagodNeptune.Variouspartsofthetreewereused

medicinallythroughoutEuropeandAsia,whereitisindigenous.

OilandBlendingInformationTheneedlesandtwigsaresteam-distilled,creatingacolorlessorpaleyellowoilthathasafresh,woody,andslightlyturpentine-likescent.Itisoftencalledpineneedleoil.Strength:4ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:SoBelow/Twigs

andLeavesWarnings:may cause skin irritation; avoid if youhavehighbloodpressureMagicalUsesPineiswellknownforpurification,whichworksforreleasingnegativeenergyandisespeciallyeffectiveinpublicspaces.Thissamequalitymakesitanallyindefensivemagicandinprotectionfromhexes,especiallyforthehome.Useitforblessingsandtoattractabundanceaswellasforspellsthatbanishorbind.Itisalso well known for its association with cycles, beginnings, fertility, andrenewal. This oil can steady and focus themind for psychic work as well ascommunicationwith spirits.On a spiritual level, it aids in healing andgrowththat brings inspiration, peace, and access to ancient wisdom. Pine is helpfulwhen learning to trust intuition and memories, paving the way for self-transformation. Building confidence and courage, pine provides hope anddeterminationwhendealingwithlegalmatters.Thisoil isbothstimulatingandbalancing, which enhances creativity and provides emotional strength. Pine isalsoassociatedwithfriendship,desires,longevity,truth,andwell-being.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Aries, Cancer, Capricorn, Pisces, Scorpio Solar System:

Jupiter, Mars, Saturn Elements: air, earth, fire Celebrations: Beltane,Midsummer, Yule Goddesses: Aphrodite, Artemis, Astarte, Cybele, Diana,Ishtar, Isis, Rhea, Venus Gods: Attis, Bacchus, Dionysus, Neptune, Pan,Poseidon,Silvanus,VulcanTheRoseOilsBotanicalFamily:RosaceaeThroughthecenturies,roseshavesymbolized

confidence,love,happiness,passion,andmore.Theirimportanceandmysteryhavebeenhighlightedinmyth,art,andliterature.AccordingtoGreeklegend,adropofAphrodite’sbloodgavetheroseitsredcolor.Inaddition,rosesweresaidtohavebeenacomponentinCleopatra’sarsenalofseduction.MythtellsusthatErospresentedaroseasagifttoHarpocrates,thegodofsilence.Usingthisasacue,itbecamecommonpracticetohangaroseoverthedinnertablewhentheconversationwastobeconfidential,whichwasthesourceofthetermsubrosa.IntheceremonyofRosalia,Romansscatteredrosepetalsonthegravesoflovedones,symbolizingthestartofanewstateofbeingaswellastogivethemagood

send-off.Forcenturies,roseoilhasbeenknownasottoofrose,roseotto,andattarof

rose.Whenshoppingforroseoiltoday,itiscommontofinditlistedasroseottoorroseattar.Unlike jasmine, rose petals can be steam-distilled; however, thismethod has a low yield of essential oil, making it expensive. Because roseabsoluteisoftendistilledintoanoil,itiswisetouseavendorthatoffersspecificinformationabouttheextractionmethodsforeachoil.

Rose,DamaskBotanicalName:RosadamasceneAlsoKnownAs:TurkishroseDespiteitsname,thisrosedidnotoriginateinSyria,thelandofroses,butisthoughttohavecomefromAsia.TheDamaskroseisashrubthatgrowstobetweenthreeandsixfeettall.Ithassingle,medium-pinkflowersandmanythorns.Thistype

ofrosehasbeenfoundinEgyptiantombs,anditisbelievedtohavebeenintroducedduringthereignofRamsestheGreat(1279–1213BCE).InIndianmyth,Lakshmi,thewifeofVishnu,wasfoundinarose,andfromthiscamethe

customofagroomgivinghisbrideattarofroseontheirweddingday.

OilandBlendingInformationApaleyelloworolive-coloredoil isproducedbysteamorwaterdistillationofthepetals.Thescentisrich,sweet-floral,andjustslightlyspicy.Strength:5ScentGroup:floralPerfumeNote:topPlantPart:AsAbove/FlowersWarning:

avoidduringpregnancyRose,MarocBotanicalName:Rosagallicasyn.R.xcentifoliaAlsoKnownAs:cabbagerose,Frenchrose,Moroccanrose,rosedeMai,roseofProvenceBelievedtohaveoriginatedinPersia(Iran),thisroseshrubreachesaboutfivefeetinheightandhassemi-double,pinkorredflowers.ItistherosethatGreekpoetSappho(circa

615–550BCE)calledthequeenofflowers.

OilandBlendingInformationThepetals are steam-distilled to create a pale yellowoil that has a rich, rosy-sweetscent.Strength:3Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As

Above/FlowersWarning:avoidduringpregnancyMagicalUsesRosesare thegreatestsymbolsof loveandbeauty.Useroseoil toattract love,heighten desire and passion, and increase fertility and fidelity. Working on aspirituallevel,roseinstillsdeepdevotionthatbringsinspirationandwisdom.Itattractspeacetothehomeandaidsindealingwithfamilyissues.Additionally,itshealingenergybringshappiness,friendship,andlucktothehome.Thisoilisa powerful aid for divination, Otherworld contact, and encouraging propheticdreams. It is supportive when engaging in clairvoyance, communicating withspirits, andwith psychic work in general. Because fairies are quite enamoredwithroses,theseoilshelptoattractthemandtoinvitetheirblessings.Roseoilisalso good for consecrating amulets and charms. Use it for banishings andbinding spells, for aid in releasing hexes, and for help when keeping secrets.Thisoil is instrumental inprovidingemotionalcomfortduringtimesofsorrowor loss, especially following the death of a loved one.Rose is also associatedwithconfidence,courage,creativity,power,self,andstrength.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,Libra,Sagittarius,TaurusSolarSystem:VenusElements:air,

water Celebrations: Ostara, Rosalia Goddesses: Aphrodite, Demeter, Flora,Freya,Hathor,Holle, Isis,Lakshmi,VenusGods:Adonis,Angus,Cupid,Eros,HarpocratesRosemaryBotanicalName:RosmarinusofficinalisFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:elfleaf,incensier,rosmarine,seadewNativetotheMediterranean,rosemaryisashrubbyplantwithpineneedle–likeleavesandpaleblueflowers.OftenfoundgrowingontheseacliffsofsouthernFrance,rosemarywasdescribedashavingthesmelloftheoceanwithahintofpine.Thisisthesourceofitsgenusname,whichmeans“dewofthesea.”73Sinceancienttimes,rosemarywasusedinreligiousceremonies,magicspells,andmoremundanelyasamedicinalherb.TheGreeksandRomansuseditatweddingsasasymboloffidelityandatfuneralsforremembrance.Inthebeliefthatrosemaryimprovedmemory,

studentsinancientGreeceburneditorworeasprigofitintheirhairforhelpinpassingexams.Infourteenth-centuryEurope,rosemaryblossomsweresugared

andeatenasapreventivemeasureagainsttheplague.

OilandBlendingInformationAcolorlessorpaleyellowoilisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheleavesandflowertops.Ithasaminty-herbaceousscentwithawoodyundertone.Strength:4Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As

Above/Leaves and Flowers Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; avoid withepilepsyorotherseizuredisorders;avoidwithhighbloodpressureMagicalUsesAs in the past, rosemary is associated with remembering the dead. Use it atfuneralsorinSamhainritualstohonorthosewhohavepassedbeyondtheveil.Becauseitimprovesmemory,itisinstrumentalforrememberingdreamsaswellasforpast-lifework.Rosemary’scleansingpropertiesmakeitusefulforclearingnegativitybeforeritual,magic,orhealingwork.Thisoilreducestheintensityofstrongemotions,makingithelpfulinbalancingrelationships and engendering fidelity between lovers. Also use it in spells tobindpeopletogetheraswellastobanishwhatyounolongerneedinyourlife.Rosemary is instrumental in defensive magic to release and protect againsthexes.Alsouse it toconsecratecharmsandamulets.While itcanattractelvesand fairies, it also protects against malicious entities. Rosemary enhancesawarenessandincreasesmagicandpsychicpowers.Thisoilprovidesfocusandclarity for all forms of communication as well as inspiration for creativepursuits.Rosemary is alsoassociatedwith friendship, luck, lust,marriage, andwisdom.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Aries,Leo,Sagittarius,VirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,Moon,

SunElements:air,fireCelebrations:Samhain,Walpurgis,YuleGoddess:KupalaTheSageOilsBotanicalFamily:LamiaceaeThegenusnameforsage,Salvia,comesfromtheLatinsalvare,meaning“tocure”or“makehealthy.”74Thesageoilsinthisbookdonotincludewhitesage(Salviaapiana),whichisusedasasacredherbby

NativeAmericans.Althoughwhitesageoilisbecomingincreasinglypopularinspecialtyshops,itisnotasreadilyavailableintheformofatrueessentialoilasaretheothersages.Inaddition,itisimportanttonotethatalthoughtheessentialoilfromArtemisiadouglasianaisusuallycalledbluesageoil,theplantitselfiscommonlycalledwhitesage,whichissometimesconfusedwithSalviaapiana.

ClarySageBotanicalName:SalviasclareaAlsoKnownAs:clary,clarywort,cleareye,muscatelsage,seebrightThisherbhaslargeleavestingedwithpurpleand

small,blueflowers.IndigenoustosouthernEurope,clary’sspeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinclarus,meaning“clear.”75Thissagewasusedforcenturiesasaremedyforeyeproblems,andduringtheMiddleAges,itwasknownascleareyes.76Forcenturies,clarywasheldinhighregardasageneraltonicandwasoftenaddedtowineorbeertoincreasetheireuphoriceffectaswellasimparta

bettertaste.

OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves and flower tops are steam-distilled to produce a colorless or paleyellow-greenoil.Ithasasweet,nutty-herbaceousscent.Strength:4Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As

Above/LeavesandFlowersWarning:avoidduringpregnancyMagicalUsesClarysageaidsinfocusingthemind,bringsclarityofpurpose,andstrengthensmemory. Its energy is instrumental in developing intuition and enhancingcreativity. Inspiring innerpeace, it ishelpfulwhenseekingself-knowledgeandtranscendingspiritualboundaries.Useclary fordreamwork,particularly ifyouhave difficulty remembering dreams. Additionally, it supports psychicdevelopment,divination,andclairvoyance.Helpfulwhenseekingthetruth,claryalsohelpshold secrets.Thisherbaids indealingwith sexual issues, includingattractionandfertility.Useitinspellstoinvitemoneyandprosperityintoyourlife aswell aswhen you need tomake changes.Clary sage is also associatedwithbalance,beauty,growth,andvitality.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,VenusElements:air,earthSage,CommonBotanicalName:SalviaofficinalisAlsoKnownAs:commonorgardensage,Dalmatiansage,truesageIncenturiespast,thissagewasusedmorefor

medicinalthanculinarypurposes.Drinkingsageteawasthoughttopromotegoodhealthandenhancelongevity.Forthosewhopreferredsomethingstronger,therewassageale.SagewashighlyvaluedbytheRomans,whocalleditherbasacra,sacredherb.Throughtheagesitwasbelievedtopromotewisdom.

OriginatingintheMediterraneanregion,commonsageisanevergreenherbwithhairy,gray-greenleavesandblueorvioletflowers.

OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesaresteam-distilled,producingacolorlesstopaleyellowoil.Ithasawarm-spicy,herbaceousscentthatisslightlycamphoraceous.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

Warnings:abortifacient,avoidduringpregnancy;oraltoxin;avoidwithepilepsyorotherseizuredisorder;donotuseontheskin;avoid ifyouhavehighbloodpressure;useinmoderation

Sage,SpanishBotanicalName:SalvialavandulifoliaAlsoKnownAs:lavender-leavedsage,

lavendersage,narrow-leavedsageSpanishsageisanevergreenshrubsimilartoitscousincommonsage,butitsgrayishleavesaresmallerandithassmall,blue-

violetflowers.Thissagewasregardedasacure-allinSpain,whereitwasbelievedtocontributetolongevity.ItisnativetoSpainandsouthernFrance.

OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesaresteam-distilledintoapaleyellowoilwithafresh-herbaceousandslightlypine-likescent.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves

Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;useinmoderationMagicalUsesSageprovidesfocusandstabilityforclairvoyance,divination,andpsychicwork.Itsgroundingenergyclearsnegativityandisinstrumentalforritualpurification.Anaidinfindingspiritguides,sageoilhelpstoattunewithanimalpowerwhileprovidingpsychicprotection.Usesagetostimulateaswellasreleasememoriestobringpeace,comfort,andhealing.Alsouseitforspellsofwealth,prosperity,andmaking yourwishes come true. Sage oil is an aid for spiritual inspirationwhen seeking truth and wisdom. It is helpful for finding strength of purposewhen dealing with problems. Sage is also associated with fertility, longevity,secrets,andvitality.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Pisces, Sagittarius, TaurusSolar System: Jupiter,Mercury

Elements:air,earthCelebrations:Mabon,Samhain,Walpurgis,YuleGoddess:KupalaGod:Zeus

SandalwoodThenamesandalwoodhasbeenappliedtovarioustreesfromseveralbotanicalfamilies.WhatisconsideredtruesandalwoodcomesfromtheSantalumgenusintheSantalaceaefamily.Ofthese,Santalumalbum,orIndiansandalwood,isthesandalwood, but unfortunately its popularity and overuse is causing itsdestruction. Like rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora), sandalwood is becoming anendangeredtree.ForthisreasonIdidnotincluderosewoodortheclassicIndiansandalwood in this book. However, the sandalwoods are magically andspiritually powerful, so I have included Australian sandalwood (Santalumspicatum)becausetheAustraliangovernmentregulatestheharvestofthesetreesto ensure sustainability. While the scent of this sandalwood is slightly moreresinousandlesssweetthanIndiansandalwood,itworkswellasanalternative.

Sandalwood,AustralianBotanicalName:SantalumspicatumFamily:SantalaceaeSandalwood’sgenusnamecomefromtheSanskritnameforthetree.77ThissandalwoodisasmalltreethatgrowsindryregionsofAustralia.Ithasrough,almostblackbark,lance-shapedleaves,andclustersofsmall,whiteflowersthatgrowattheendsofbranchlets.Itproducesround,plum-likefruit.Sincethe1800sthearomatictimberhasbeenharvestedforincense,mainlyforexporttoChina.Likeits

Indiancousin,thescentofthissandalwooddeepensmeditationandpromoteshigherlevelsofconsciousness.Thecombinationofsandalwoodandroseisone

oftheoldestaphrodisiacs.

OilandBlendingInformationThe roots and heartwood are steam-distilled, producing a pale yellow oil. Itsscentisrich,woody,somewhatbalsamic,andslightlyfloral.Strength:3ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantParts:SoBelow/Roots,Wood

andBarkMagicalUsesSandalwood iswell known for supportingpersonal growth, providing spiritualinspiration, andmanifestingpeace. Itshealingenergybrings renewal, stability,strength,andwell-being.Usesandalwoodtoaugmentelement,angel,andmoonmagic, as well as to bring success in legalmatters. This oil supports psychicworkandaidsincontactingspiritguides.Sandalwoodisinstrumentalinpast-lifework, helping to break ties with the past while protecting against emotionalupset.Itenhancesawarenessforclairvoyanceandisinstrumentalforbanishingspells andbreakinghexes.Supportinggrounded energy and clarityofmind, italso aids in divination, dream, and astral work. Additionally, this oil boostscreativity and aids in expressing your desires. Sandalwood has strongpurificationpropertiesthatcanbeusedforconsecratingaltarsandmagictoolsaswell as clearing awaynegative energy.Use sandalwood to stimulate sexuality,attract love, and aid in maintaining a happy marriage as well as to improverelationships. Sandalwood is also associated with balance, luck, power, andsorrow.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Cancer,Leo, Pisces,VirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,Moon,

VenusElements:air,earth,waterGoddess:VenusGod:VishnuTheSavoryOilsBotanicalFamily:LamiaceaeThegenusnamefortheseplantscomesfromtheLatinSatureia,relatingtothemythicalsatyrorman/goat,whowasequatedwithsexualvitality.78Sinceancienttimestheseherbswereusedtoregulatethelibido.NativetoEurope,theyareamongtheplantsrecommendedforgrowingnearhivestoensurethatbeesreturn.TheSaxonsgavethesesplantsthecommon

namesavory.

Savory,SummerBotanicalName:SaturejahortensisAlsoKnownAs:gardensavorySummersavoryisasmallherbwithslender,lance-shapedleavesandsmall,palelilac-coloredflowers.Thisplant’sspeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinhortensia,meaningthatitisacultivatedplantandnotawildone.79Summersavoryisa

popularculinaryherbthatisalsousedasatea.

OilandBlendingInformationAcolorlessorpaleyellowoilisproducedbysteam-distillingtheentireplant.Ithasafresh,herbaceous,andslightlyspicyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfumeNote: middle Plant Part: N/AWarnings:

avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinSavory,WinterBotanicalName:SaturejaMontanaAlsoKnownAs:mountainsavoryThissavoryisashrubbyperennialwithlance-shapedleavesandclustersofwhite-pinkflowers.ThespeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinmontana,meaningthatitgrowswildinthemountains.80TheRomansusedwintersavoryasaflavoringforvinegarandintroducedtheplantintoEngland,whereintheseventeenthcenturyitbecamepopulartoflavormeatandfish.ItisoneoftheherbsusedintheFrenchbouquetgarniforsimmeringsoupsandstews.BeforepepperwasavailabletotheAmericancolonists,wintersavorywasusedinitsplacefor

flavoring.

OilandBlendingInformationLikesummersavory,theentireplantissteam-distilledtoproduceacolorlessorpale yellow oil. This savory oil has a sharp, herbaceous, and somewhatmedicinalscent.Strength:5ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfumeNote: middle Plant Part: N/AWarnings:

avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinMagicalUsesSavory is a powerhouse that boosts sexual appetite and enhances sexualexpression. It aids concentration and fuels the mind for tackling problems.Savory oil promotes productivity and opens theway for creativity. Use it forhealingandwhenyouseekkindnessandcomfort.Savoryisalsoassociatedwithhappiness.

CorrespondencesZodiac:VirgoSolarSystem:MercuryElements:air,fireSnakerootBotanicalName:AsarumcanadenseFamily:AristolochiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:colicroot,falsecoltsfoot,Indianginger,wildgingerSnakerootisalow-growing,bushyherbwithglossyheart-shapedleaves.Threedistinctivebrownish-purplesepals,theoutermostpartofaflower,protecttheyoungbudsandgivetheplantanalienappearance.SnakerootwasusedmedicinallyforarangeofailmentsbyNativeAmericansandwasquicklyadoptedbyEuropeansettlers.ThecommonnamesnakerootmayhavecomefromtheuseofitsEuropeancousin(Asarumeuropaeum)fortreatingsnakebitesorpossiblybecauseclumpsofyoungshoots

looklikeadenoflittlesnakes.Snakerootissometimessubstitutedforrealginger(Zingiberofficinale).

OilandBlendingInformationAnambertobrownish-yellowoilisproducedbysteam-distillingtherhizomes.Ithasawoody-spicy,ginger-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Plant Part: So Below/Roots Warning: avoid during

pregnancyMagicalUsesSnakerootaidsinattractingluck,money,andgeneralprosperity.Useitforritualpurification and to build protection, especially from hexes. Snakeroot’sgroundingenergyprovidesstability thataugmentspsychicwork.Inaddition tosupportingcontactwiththeOtherworld,thisoilaidsinholdingsecrets.Itisalsoassociatedwithlongevity.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:MarsElement:earthSpikenardBotanicalName:NardostachysjatamansiFamily:ValeriananceaeAlsoKnownAs:Indianroot,falseIndianvalerianroot,nardTheancientEgyptiansused

spikenardtopurifyandraisespiritualvibrationsintemples,whiletheHebrewsandHindususeditforritualandmedicinalpurposes.ItwasimportanttotheGreeksandRomansasaningredientinnardinum,ascentedoilusedfor

anointinghairpriortocrowningwithwreathsatfestivals.Inaddition,spikenardwashighlyvaluedinIndiaforperfume.Reachingthreefeetinheight,spikenardhaswideleavesandlongstemsthatsupportpink,bell-shapedflowers.Itis

nativetomountainousareasofnorthernIndia,China,andJapan.

OilandBlendingInformationTherhizomesaresteam-distilled,creatingapaleyelloworamberoil.Theearthywoodyscentissometimesdescribedasamixofmusk,patchouli,andvalerian.Strength:4ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:SoBelow/RootsMagical

UsesAssociatedwithpeaceandkindness,spikenardaidsincommunicationbetweenpeopleaswellaswithanimals.ItalsoaidsincontactwiththeOtherworld.Thisoilisusefulforconsecratingaltars,purifyingmagictools,andgroundingenergyafter ritual. Spikenard’s cleansing properties also negate negativity, bringingbalanceandfidelitytorelationships.Useitinspellstoattractloveandluck.Thisoilisinstrumentalinfocusingthemindforsolvingproblemsaswellascreativeexpression. Spikenard can be instrumental in healing, especially whenrecoveringfromemotionalwounds.Itisalsoassociatedwithlongevity,secrets,stability,andwell-being.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,Saturn,VenusElements:earth,waterSpruceBotanicalName:Pinuscanadensissyn.TsugaCanadensisFamily:PinaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonhemlock,easternhemlock,hemlockspruceThistreeshouldnotbeconfusedwiththehemlock(Coniummaculatum)usedtopoisonGreekphilosopherSocratesin399BCE.NativetoNorthAmerica,hemlocksprucecangrowastallas100feet.Ithassmall,brownconesandflatneedlesthatgrowinspiralsaroundthebranches.Aswasoftenthecase,EuropeanslearnedaboutthetreasuretroveofmedicinalapplicationsfromNative

Americans.Thesettlersalsobrewedyoungtwigstomakeateaandusedthebarktodyewoolbrownorgiveleatherarichreddishhighlight.TheLakota

peoplebelievedthistreehelpedthemconnectwiththeGreatSpirit.

OilandBlendingInformationTheneedlesandtwigsaresteam-distilledtoproduceacolorlessorpaleyellowoil.Itsscentisfreshandbalsamicwithafruityhint.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: top Plant Part: So Below/Twigs and

LeavesMagicalUsesSpruceenhancesmemoryandstimulatespsychicabilities,especiallychanneling.Ithelpsdevelopintuitionaswellastodiscernwhentoactonit.Useittoconnectwith forest spirits. Instrumental in releasing stagnant emotions, this oil bringsclarity,hope, and renewal. It aids in finding inspiration,deepening spirituality,andstrengtheningtrust.Useit tokeepenergygroundedwhenseekingwisdom.The stability engendered by spruce is a boon to protectionwhile dealingwithproblems.Knownasahealeronmany levels, thisoil aids inpersonalgrowth,bringingcomfortandsecurity.Itisalsoassociatedwithbalance,longevity,andmoney.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Capricorn Elements: earth, water Goddesses: Cerridwen,

Cybele,DanuGods:Attis,PoseidonStarAniseBotanicalName:IlliciumverumFamily:MagnoliaceaeAlsoKnownAs:aniseedstars,ChineseaniseStaranise’sbotanicalnamescomefromtheLatinillicium,meaning“seductive,”whichreferstoitsfragrance,andverus,whichmeans

“true.”81Reachingabout60feetinheight,thisevergreenhastaperingleavesandgreen-yellowflowers.Theseedpods,whicharepickedanddriedbeforeripening,areintheshapeofaneight-pointedstar.Thisliquorice-flavoredspicehasbeenpopularinkitchensthroughoutsoutheastAsia,whereitisindigenous,andhasbeenusedinChinesemedicineforoverathousandyears.BuddhistsinJapanplantedstaraniseneartheirtemplesandburnedtheseedpodsasincense.Becauseofitssimilarityintaste,Europeansoftensubstituteditforanise

(Pimpinellaanisum).

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the fruit produces a pale yellow oil with a spicy-sweet,liquorice-likescent.Strength:5Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Fruit

Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;useinmoderationMagicalUsesStar anise is instrumental for increasing psychic abilities and supportingclairvoyance.Asapowerfulpurifier,thisoilisusefulforconsecratingaltarsandmagic tools as well as for banishing negative energy. Anoint each cardinaldirectionofanaltartoamplifythepowerofritualandmagic.StaraniseboostsawarenessfordivinationpracticesandwhencontactingtheOtherworld.Usethisoilinspellstomanifestabundance,happiness,luck,andsuccess.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Pisces,SagittariusSolarSystem:Jupiter,MercuryElements:

air,waterStoraxBotanicalName:LiquidambarorientalisFamily:HamamelidaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Levantstyrax,liquidambar,rosemalles,stracte,styraxThissmalltreehaspurplish-graybarkandgetsitsgenusnamefromitsamber-coloredresin.Storaxflowersareyellowish-white,anditsleaveshavefivelobes.Itsspeciesnamemeans“ofthedawn”or“eastern.”82ItissaidtohavecomefromtheLevant,whichreferstoalargeareaintheMiddleEastthatencompassedanumberofpresent-daycountries.Thisplanthasbeenusedmedicinallyinbotheasternandwesternculturesforthousandsofyears.InancientEgypttheresinwasusedinperfumeryaswellastheembalmingprocess.InFranceitwasaningredientinthemixtureusedtowashandscenttheshirtsofKingLouisXIV(1638–1715),

whowasknownastheSunKing.

OilandBlendingInformationAwhitetopaleyellowoilisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheresin.Ithasarich,sweet-balsamicscent.Strength:5Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Resins

Warning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesTransformingnegative energy intopositive, storaxprovidespsychicprotectionandhas thepower tobreakhexes. It rouses themind toenhancedivinationaswellascreativity.Usestoraxtoattractloveandluck,andtoincreasethepowerof spells. On the home front, it provides stability and attracts prosperity. Thehealing aspect of storax bolsters vitality. This oil is also associated withconfidenceandcontrol.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,SunElements:earth,fire,waterTagetesBotanicalName:TagetesminutaFamily:AsteraceaeAlsoKnownAs:Aztecmarigold,Indiancarnation,marigold,Mexicanmarigold,tagetAlthoughthisfloweroriginatedinSouthAmerica,itsbotanicalnamehonorstheRomangodTages,grandsonofJupiter.Accordingtolegend,Tageswassaidtohavesprungfromtheearthandwascreditedwithteachingplowingandagriculturetothe

Etruscans.Thespeciesnamereferstothesizeofitsbrightorangeflowersratherthantheplantitself,whichonlygrows12inchestall.83InSouthAmericatageteswereusedformedicinalandritualpurposes.TheAztecsregardedtheplantsassacredandgrewthemamongsttheircropsforprotection—apracticethat

actuallyhelpsrepelinsects.ConsideredtheflowerofthedeadbytheAztecs,tagetesareusedonaltarsforDayoftheDeadobservances(November2nd)in

present-dayMexico.

OilandBlendingInformationTheflowersaresteam-distilledtoproduceayellowordarkorangeoil.Ithasaslightlybitter,herbaceousscentwithfruityundertonesStrength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As

Above/Leaves and Flowers Warnings: may cause skin irritation; use inmoderationMagicalUsesThis oil is instrumental in defining your purpose for divination, clairvoyance,anddreamwork.Itaidsindevelopingpsychicskillsandenhancestheabilitytosee magical creatures. Use it for angel magic as well as to provide spiritualprotection.Tagetes is instrumental forSamhainasablessingoroffering to thedead, to ease sorrow, and to wish loved ones peace in the afterlife. This oilfostersgoodcommunicationandisespeciallyhelpfulforengenderingfidelityinsexual relationships. Associated with success, tagetes can be an aid in legalmattersbysupportingadeterminedmind.Useit inspells toattractabundance,comfort, happiness, and prosperity. Tagetes encourages healing for personalgrowth and transformation. This oil is also associated with beauty, fertility,longevity,andwealth.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Leo Solar System: Sun Elements: air, fire Celebrations:

Beltane,Mabon,SamhainGods:Tages,XochiquetzalTarragonBotanicalName:ArtemisiadracunculusFamily:AsterceaeAlsoKnownAs:dragon’smugwort,Frenchtarragon,littledragonThiscousintomugworthassmooth,narrowleavesanddroopingclustersofyellow-greenflowers.NativetoEurope,southernRussia,andwesternAsia,tarragonisanherbthatcangrowuptothreeorfourfeettall.FromtheLatindracunculus,meaning“dragon-like,”

tarragon’sspeciesnamedescribestheserpentineappearanceofitsroots.PopularintheMiddleEast,theArabphysicianAvicennaprescribeditforvariousremedies,anditscommonnamecomesfromtheArabicwordfortheplant,

tarkhum.84InFranceitwasknownforcuringserpentbitesandcalledherbeaudragon;however,sincethetimeofCharlemagne(742–814),ithasbeena

commonmainstayinFrenchkitchens.

OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheleavesproducesapaleyellowoilwithaspicy-sweet,anise-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves

Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may be orally toxic; use in moderationMagicalUsesDespite tarragon’s association with dragons, it is a plant of abundance andcomfort.Use its dragon energy in protection spells to instill confidence and asense of security. Tarragon is instrumental for dreamwork as well asunderstandingtheknowledgereceived.Itsupportsself-explorationandgrowth,andaidsinfindinglife’struepurpose.Usetarragontofosterpeacewhenseekingjustice.Itisalsoassociatedwithsecrets.

CorrespondencesZodiac:AriesSolarSystem:MarsElements:air,fire,waterTeaTreeBotanicalName:MelaleucaalternifoliaFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

narrow-leavedpaperbark,titree

Whileteatreeisageneralnameappliedtothe300varietiesofmelaleucanativetoAustralia, this is the only one that produces oil. This evergreen has paperybark, needle-like leaves, and spikes of yellowish-white or purple flowers. ItsgenusnamecomesfromtheGreekmelas(black)andleukos(white),referringtoitsdarkgreenleavesandwhitebark.85BritishcaptainandexplorerJamesCook(1728–1779)calleditteatreewhenhesawAboriginesbrewingtheleaves.Thistree’s powerful antiseptic properties made it part of traditional medicine forcenturiesandastandarditeminAustralianArmykitsduringWorldWarII.Asits useproliferated through the ranksof other armies, it becameknownas the“WonderfromDownUnder.”

OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesandtwigsaresteamorwaterdistilled,producingapaleyellow-greenorwhite oil. It has awoody,medicinal, and slightly spicy scent, similar to itscousineucalyptus,butsofter.Theoilisalsoknownasti-trolandmelasol.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: So

Below/TwigsandLeavesWarning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesTea tree is an exceptional healer that supports both physical and emotionalrecovery.Itbuildsstrength, increasesconfidence,andfosters trust.Withstrongpowersofpurification,teatreeprovidesprotectionandaidsinremovinghexes.This oil helps to set a determined mind for finding a worthy purpose in allendeavors. Use it for inspiration to enhance creativity and to find balance inpersonalgrowth.

CorrespondenceElement:earthThyme

BotanicalName:ThymusvulgarisFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonthyme,Englishthyme,sweetthyme,whitethyme

ThisbushyMediterraneanherbgrowsaboutafoothighandhasovalleavesandsmall,pinktolilacorbluish-purpleflowers.ThegenusnamemaycomefromtheGreek thymos, meaning “to perfume or fumigate,” or thymus, meaning“courage.”86 In Greece, thyme was used to make perfumes for homes andtemples.Itwasburnedonaltarsasofferingsaswellastopurifysacredspaces.According tomyth, thyme sprang from the teardrops ofHelen of Troy. Plinyrecommended planting it near hives because it attracts bees and results in aspecial-flavoredhoney.Romansoldiersandmedievalknightsuseditforcourageand to increase vigor.Likewise, during theFrenchRevolution itwasworn bypeople on the barricades to bolster courage. In some parts of England, thymewasthoughttobeafavoriteoffairies,andbrushingasprigofitacrosstheeyeswasthoughttoallowapersontoseethem.

AbouttheOilThechemicalconstituentsofthymevarywidelyaccordingtowhereitisgrown,whichiswhyyouwillfindmanytypesofthymeoils.TheyaredesignatedwithCT,meaningchemotype.Thymehasaboutsixorsevenchemotypes,eachwithdifferent therapeutic properties. I suggest using Thymus vulgarisCT linalool,whichisknowntobeverygentle.Designatedasoneofthewhitethymeoils,itisoftenusedforpeoplewhoaresensitivetothestrongertypes.Thefirstdistillationofleavesandflowertopsproducesanoilcalledredthyme.

This is because the color can be reddish, reddish-brown, or reddish-orange.Distilling theplantmaterial a second time results inwhite thymeoil,which isclearorpaleyellow.Linaloolisaproductfromtheseconddistillationandhasaherbaceous,slightlysweetscent.87

Strength:4ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middletotop

PlantPart:AsAbove/LeavesandFlowersWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;may cause skin irritation; avoidwith high blood pressure; use inmoderation;maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesAlthough thyme is a very common herb, it is a powerhouse for magicalpurposes.Thymeiswellknownforitspurificationproperties,makingitidealforpreparing ritual space and consecrating altars. Use it to stimulate energy fordivination and psychic work as well as any type of work involving the fairyrealm.Alsouseittoclearnegativeenergyingeneral,andtoenhanceawarenessfor clairvoyance. Thyme boosts strength and courage, and provides protectionduringcontactwiththeOtherworld.Usethisoiltoincreasetheeffectivenessofspells involving love, luck, and money. As a healer, thyme fosters personalgrowth and well-being. It also aids in dealing with sorrow and helps bringhappinesstothehome.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithconfidenceandrenewal.

MagicalCorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Capricorn, Libra, Taurus Solar System: Venus Elements: air,

waterCelebration:WalpurgisTurmericBotanicalName:CurcumalongaFamily:ZingiberaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

curcuma,haldi,Indiansaffron,Indianyellowroot,yellowgingerSportingdullyellowflowers,turmerichaslance-shapedleavesonthree-foot-tallstemsthatgrowdirectlyfromitsthick,orangeroot.NativetosouthernAsia,thisherbisacousintogingerandgalangal,anditshistoryofculinaryandmedicinaluses

datesbacktotheseventhcenturyBCE.ItscommonnamecomesfromtheLatinterramerita,referringtoayellowmineralpigmentthatresemblestheone

producedfromturmeric.88Inadditiontodyeingpriests’robes,dabbingalittleturmericpastetothehemofanewgarmentwasbelievedtomakeitauspicious.TurmericpigmentwasalsousedinHindurituals,especiallywomen’slife-cycleceremoniesforpubertyandweddings.Withthebeliefthatsupernaturalbeingsandevilspiritsdidnotlikethesmellofburningturmeric,itwasusedtotest

whetherapersonwasanordinaryhumanoraghost.

OilandBlendingInformationA yellow-orange oil with a slight blue fluorescence is produced by steamdistillationoftherhizomes.Ithasafresh,spicy-woodyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:SoBelow/RootsWarnings:

avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritation;useinmoderation;maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesWithstrongpowersofpurificationthatenhancetheflowofenergy,turmericcanbeemployedtoprotectamagiccircleortoclearritualspace.Itisalsousefulforbreakinghexesaswellasgroundingandcenteringenergy.Turmeric’supliftingenergy builds confidence and courage, which is particularly useful whenconnecting with the Otherworld. Inviting stability and longevity, this oil’shealingenergyfostersageneralsenseofwell-being.Turmericisalsoassociatedwithpassionandsecrets.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:MarsElements:earth,fireValerianBotanicalName:ValerianaofficinalisFamily:ValerianaceaeAlsoKnownAs:catvalerian,commonvalerian,gardenheliotrope,vandalrootDespitetheplant’sodor,whichpromptedGreekherbalistDioscoridestonameitPhu,valerianwasavaluedmedicinalintheancientworld.Itscommonnameisthoughttohave

comefromtheLatinvalere,meaning“tobewell,”andduringtheMiddleAgesitwasknownasall-healandblessedherb.89Itwasalsousedasaculinary

ingredientinsoupsaswellasasachetherbtoscentclothing.Attractivetocatsandrodents,itisbelievedthatthePiedPiperofHamelinusedvaleriantolurethe

ratsawayfromthecity.ThenamevandalrootcomesfromtheSwedishvändelrot,areferencetoitsusebyTeutonictribesknownastheVandals.90

IndigenoustoEurope,thisfive-foot-tallplanthasdarkleavesandclustersofpurplish-whiteorpinkflowers.

OilandBlendingInformationTherhizomesaresteam-distilled,producinganoilthatisolivetobrownincolor.Itsscentiswarm,woody,andbalsamic.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Roots

Warnings:useinmoderation;maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesValerian’spowersofpurificationareuseful in consecratingnew ritual tools aswell as ritual space. It aids in breaking hexes and provides protection for thehome, bringing peace, stability, and happiness. This oil opens the lines ofcommunication for resolving problems aswell as connectingwithOtherworldspirits. Use valerian to support love and money spells. As a healer, valerianboosts vitality and longevity, and keeps energy grounded during emotionalturmoil. It ishelpfulforgettingintoacreativeframeofmind.Useit toaccessknowledgeandwhenseekingthetruthwithinsecrets.Valerianisalsoassociatedwithcyclesandkindness.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Scorpio,VirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,VenusElements: earth,water

Goddesses:Epona,KupalaVetiverBotanicalName:VetiveriazizanoidesFamily:PoaceaeAlsoKnownAs:vetivert,khuskhus,morasNativetosouthernIndiaandIndonesia,vetiverisagrasswithlong,narrowleavesandstraight,tuftedstemsthatcanreachsixfeetinheight.Althoughitsspeciesnamemeansthatitresembleswildrice,vetiveroilwas

knownastheoiloftranquility.91Fanswovenfromthisgrassserveddoubledutyforcoolingaswellasimpartingadelightful,soothingfragrance.ThispracticewasquicklyadoptedbywomeninthesouthernUnitedStateswhenvetiverwas

importedtoAmerica.

OilandBlendingInformationThe roots are steam-distilled, producing an amber, olive, or dark brownoil. Ithasarich,woody-smokyscentwithsweetundertones.Strength:5ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:SoBelow/RootsMagical

UsesVetiveramplifiesconnectionwiththeearthhelpingtogroundandcenterenergyaswell as connectwith theUnderworld.Use it in defensivemagic to amplifypersonal power as well as to break hexes. Vetiver is also effective in spellsdealingwithluck,love,andmoney.Itcanbringbothprosperityandprotectiontothehomeandfamily.Vetiverisasourceofstabilityandstrengthfordealingwithproblemsaswellasemotional turmoil.Thisoilsupportsspiritualdevelopmentandpromotesbalancebetween the spiritual andmundane. It is also associatedwithlongevityandsecrets.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Capricorn, Libra, Taurus Solar System: Jupiter, Saturn, Venus

Elements:earth,fire,waterGoddess:YemayaYarrowBotanicalName:AchilleamillefoliumFamily:AsteraceaeAlsoKnownAs:bloodwort,devil’snettle,milfoil,nosebleed,thousandleafNativetoEuropeandAsia,thisherbhasdense,pink-whiteflowerheadsatopthree-foot-tallstems.The

ancientChineseremovedthebranchesoflacyleavesandtrimmedthestemstouseasIChingdivinationsticks.Theyalsoconsideredyarrowasacredplantbecauseofitsbalanceofyinandyangenergies.TotheGreeks,yarrowwasan

importantmedicinalherb,whichtheynamedfortheheroAchilles,whoreputedlyusedittohealthewoundsofhisfellowsoldiers.AlthoughtheRomansalsousedittostanchbleedingonbattlefieldsandcalleditherbamilitaris,itwasmorewidelyemployedforcommonthingssuchasnosebleeds.92Thenicknamedevil’snettlecomesfromthebeliefthatthisplantwasdedicatedtoSatan.ItwasusedinspellsandcharmsaswellasstrewnacrossdoorwaystokeepWitches

fromenteringhouseholds.

OilandBlendingInformationThewholeplantissteam-distilledintoadarkblueorgreenishoilwithasweetherbaceousscent.Strength:3ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: N/AWarning: may

causesensitizationMagicalUsesYarrow’sgroundingenergyclearsawaynegativity,releaseshexes,andbanishesanythingunwanted.Useit topurifyritualspaceandconsecratetools.Itaidsinstimulating intuitionandpsychic abilities (especially clairvoyance)byopeningawarenesstohigheruniversalenergies.Thisalsomakesyarrowapowerfulallyfordreamworkanddivination.Useyarrow inanimalanddefensivemagic, forsuccessinlovespells,andtoattractfairies.Italsoprovidespsychicandspiritualprotection and aids in communicatingwith the spirits of lovedoneswhohavepassed.Yarrowengendersfidelityandlongevityinmarriage,leadingthewaytohappinessandwell-being.Itsupportsfriendshipsthatleadtoemotionalhealingandgrowth.Additionally,yarrowprovidestheconfidenceandcouragetotacklebig problems as well as spiritual issues. It is also associatedwith abundance,beauty,beginnings,changes,fertility,andluck.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Gemini Solar System: Venus Elements: air, water Gods:

Achilles,CernunnosYlang-Ylang:SeetheCanangaOils

[contents]

18.delaTour,EarthMotherHerbal,52.19.Wilson,Aromatherapy,49.20.Ibid.,84.21.Ibid.,53and54.22.Grieve,AModernHerbal,103.23.Heilmeyer,AncientHerbs,30.24.JanardhananandThoppil,HerbandSpiceEssentialOils,35.25.Clarkson,MagicGardens,369.26.Phaneuf,HerbsDemystified,62.27.Mojay,AromatherapyforHealingtheSpirit,58.28.Wheelwright,MedicinalPlantsandTheirHistory,84.29.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,135.30.Wilson,Aromatherapy,64.31.Raghavan,HandbookofSpices,Seasonings,andFlavorings,101.32.Wilson,Aromatherapy,66.33.Chevellier,EncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,166.34.Wilson,Aromatherapy,67.35.Ibid.,71.36.Grieve,AModernHerbal,293.37.Bennet,TheWildWoodsGuide,273.38.Grieve,AModernHerbal,339.39.Illes,PureMagic,236.40.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,51.41.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosols,204.42.FosterandYue,HerbalEmissaries,93.43.Phaneuf,HerbsDemystified,142.44.Grieve,AModernHerbal,411.45.Ibid.,426.46.Coombes,DictionaryofPlantNames,110.47.Fischer-Rizzi,TheCompleteAromatherapyHandbook,104.

48.Wilson,Aromatherapy,82.49.Langenheim,PlantResins,435.50.Panda,EssentialOilsHandbook,90.51.Grieve,AModernHerbal,474.52.Platt,LemonHerbs,1.53.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,228.54.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,53.55.PauwelsandChristoffels,Herbs,59.56.Wilson,Aromatherapy,91.57.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosols,21.58.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,115.59.Heilmeyer,AncientHerbs,92.60.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,256.61.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosol,20.62.MillerandMiller,TheMagicalandRitualUseofPerfumes,46.63.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosol,195.64.Heilmeyer,AncientHerbs,72.65.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,86.66.Wilson,Aromatherapy,101.67.Murray,HealthBenefitsDerivedfromSweetOrange,8.68.Dobelis,MagicandMedicineofPlants,243.69.Arrowsmith,EssentialHerbalWisdom,193.70.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,282.71.Duke,Duke’sHandbookofMedicinalSpices,24.72.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,120.73.Wilson,Aromatherapy,113.74.Ibid.,130.75.Ibid.,61.76.Chevallier,EncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,163.77.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosols,23.78.Staub,75ExceptionalHerbsforYourGarden,212.79.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosols,23.80.Ibid.81.Ibid.82.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,89.83.Ibid.84.Staub,75ExceptionalHerbsforYourGarden,221.85.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,354.86.Wilson,Aromatherapy,126.

87.Linaloolisatypeofnaturallyoccurringterpenealcoholfoundinmanyessentialoils.Itwasnamedfortheoilfromthelinaloetree.

88.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,36.89.Chevallier,TheEncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,146.90.Tucker,TheEncyclopediaofHerbs,498.91.Neil,Gardener’sLatin135.92.Chevallier,TheEncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,54.

CHAPTER9

CarrierOilProfilesAlmond,Sweet

BotanicalName:Prunusamygdalusvar.dulcisFamily:RosaceaeSomebotanistsbelievethatthesweetalmondwasanaturalhybridofwildspeciesfromwesternAsia.93Thistreehasabushy,roundcrownandfinelytoothed,lance-shapedleaves.Itspeach-likefruitproducesthefamiliaredibleseed.

EvidenceofhumanusehasbeenfoundinBronzeAge(3300–1200BCE)sitesinGreeceandCyprus.InGreekmythology,thegodAttiswassaidtohavebeen

bornofthealmond.Bythefourteenthcentury,almondswereanimportanttradecommodityintheMediterraneanregion,whichtheKnightsTemplarcapitalizedonbyrequiringalmondsastithes.Formedievalmagicians,analmondbranchwastherodofchoice,andinTuscanytheywereimportantasdiviningrods.

ThroughoutEurope,almondssymbolizedgoodluckandweregivenatweddingsforlonglifeandhappiness.Dulcisinitsnamemeans“sweet”or“mild.”

AbouttheOilProducedfromthenutkernel,almondisconsideredanall-purposecarrieroil.Scent: faintly almond, nuttyColor: pale yellow Approximate Shelf Life: 12

months Plant Part: As Above and So Below/Seeds Magical Support Sweetalmond is instrumental in opening awareness for clairvoyance, divination, andconnectingwith spirits. Use it in spells when seeking abundance, knowledge,andprosperity, aswell as for findingyour true love. It is especiallyhelpful inblends for blessings and consecrating ritual space. Almond boosts protectionspells and aids in bringing happiness and peace. It also aids in creativity andcommunication.Almond’slinkwithcyclesandbeginningsmakesitapowerfulcarrieroilforspringtimeblendsandanytimerenewalorchangeissought.Thisoilfostersbeauty,hope,andwell-being.Almondisalsoassociatedwithbalance,fertility,longevity,luck,money,andwealth.

Correspondences Zodiac: Aquarius, Gemini, Virgo Solar System:Jupiter,Mercury,SunElements:air, fireCelebration:BeltaneGods:Attis,Hermes,Mercury,ThothGoddess:VenusApricot

BotanicalName:PrunusarmeniacaFamily:RosaceaeThroughouttheirindigenousareaofnortheasternChina,apricotswerebelievedtobestowthepowerofprophecy.Thefruitissimilartothepeachinthatitisoftenslightlyfuzzywithyellowtodeeporange-coloredflesh.Whitetopinkflowers,whichbloombeforeleavesappearandofteninthesnow,madethistreeasymbolofpurityandperseveranceinJapan.Asavaluabletradeitem,thefruitwas

introducedintoEuropethroughArmeniaandbecameknownasthe“Armenianplum.”TheRomanscalledthempraecocium,meaning“ripebeforeitstime,”becauseapricotsripenedearlierthanotherfruit.94Apricotsweretakento

Americaintheearly1700s,andbytheendofthecenturytheywerebeinggrownattheSpanishmissionsinCalifornia.

AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheapricotkernel.Scent: faintlynuttyColor: light todeepgoldenApproximateShelfLife:6–12

monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportWellknownforitsconnectionwithlove,apricotisinstrumentalforbindingloverstogether,increasingpassion,andsupportingrelationships.Itaidsinopeningthemindfordivination as well as receiving knowledge. Use it for magic involving theelementsandwheneveryouneedtoboostyourdefenses.Althoughitsenergyisgentle,apricotcanbeacatalystforchangethatushersinrenewalorafreshstart.Use it to foster creativity that brings balance and peace. Apricot is alsoassociatedwithcycles,determination,fertility,longevity,andpurification.

CorrespondencesZodiac:TaurusSolarSystem:Neptune, Sun,VenusElements:fire,waterGoddess:VenusAvocado

BotanicalName:PerseaamericanaFamily:LauraceaeAlsoKnownAs:aguacate(toSpanishspeakers),alligatorpear,butterpearNativetocentral

Mexico,theavocadoisanevergreentreewithlance-shapedleavesandsmall,palegreentoyellowish-greenflowersthatgrowattheendsofbranches.Thepear-shapedfruitisgreen,fleshy,andbearsonelargeseed.TheIncacalledavocadospalta,andtheAzteccalledthemahuacatl.95Inaddition,theAztec

considereditafruitforfertilitybecauseitresembledacertainpartofthemaleanatomy.Notonlydidsixteenth-centuryEuropeanexplorersfindavocadosundercultivationwhentheyarrivedintheNewWorld,butarchaeological

evidencealsoshowsthatavocadoswereanimportantfoodtotheearlierMeso-AmericanIndians(4000–2800BCE).Avocado’sgenusnamereflectsthefactthatatonetimetheavocadowasbelievedtohavecomefromPersia.Changing

thespeciesnametoamericanawasmeanttofixtheerror.

AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheavocadofruit.Scent:herbaceousColor:darkgreenApproximateShelfLife: 6monthsPlant

Part:AsAbove/FruitMagicalSupportAlmosteverythingabouttheavocadoisearthy.Usethiscarrieroilinblendsinvolvinglove,fertility,andsexmagic.Itisinstrumentalformanifestingbeautyandpassioninyourlife,aswellascomfortandsuccess.Useitinspellstoattractabundanceandincreasewealth.Avocadoisalsoassociatedwithhappiness,healing,andlongevity.

CorrespondencesZodiac:LibraSolarSystem:VenusElements:earth,waterBorageBotanicalName:BoragoofficinalisFamily:BoraginaceaeAlsoKnownAs:beebread,bugloss,burrage,starflowerDroopingclustersofblue,star-shaped

flowersyieldarichhoney,whichisthesourceofborage’snicknamebeebread.ThisbushynativeofsouthernEuropehasgray-greenleavesandhollowstemsthatarecoveredwithroughhairs.ThenamebuglosscomesfromtheGreekbous-glossa,meaning“oxtongue,”whichdescribestheshapeofitsleaves.96

RecommendedbyDioscoridesandPliny,boragewasusedforcourageandstrengthbybothRomanandCelticwarriors.BorageforcouragewasabeliefheldforoverathousandyearsuptothetimeoftheCrusades,whenknightsmixeditintheirwinetobolsterbravery.Reinforcingthiswasthemotifofa

borageblossomandabeeembroideredonscarvesgiventohusbandsandloversgoingofftotheCrusades.Medievalherbalistsusedborageforarangeof

ailments,andtodayitissometimesusedasanalternativetoeveningprimroseoil.

AbouttheOilOilisobtainedfromtheseeds.Borageoilisoftenmixedwithalighter-texturedone,suchasalmond.Scent:light,sweetColor:lightyellowApproximateShelfLife:6monthsPlant

Part:AsAbove andSoBelow/SeedsMagical SupportWith a long history ofboosting courage, borage is also supportive of physical and spiritual strength.Useittoexpandawarenessforclairvoyance,forgeneralpsychicwork,andwhencalling on the angels for protection. This oil helps to soothe themind duringtimesofsorrowaswellaswhenhealingfromdestructiverelationships.Useitforinnerpurification to foster beauty andwhendeveloping trust in someone.Thepower of borage is instrumental for initiating changes that bring balance andhappiness.Itisalsoassociatedwithbeginnings,cycles,andmoney.

Correspondences Zodiac: Gemini, Leo, Pisces, Sagittarius SolarSystem:JupiterElements:air,fireCamelliaBotanicalName:CamelliasinensisandC.oleiferaFamily:TheaceaeCamelliawasnamedinhonorofamateurbotanistGeorgJosephKamel,aseventeenth-

centuryGermanmissionaryinthePhilippines.Thespeciesnamesinensismeans“fromChina,”andoleiferameans“producesoil.”97CultivatedinChinaforover3,000years,oilisobtainedfromthesetwowoody,evergreenshrubs.Bothhaveserrated,darkgreenleaves,andflowersthatcanbewhiteorreddishwithfivetotenpetals.Theroundfruitbearstwotofivetriangularseeds.CamelliaseedoilhasbeenusedinChinesemedicineforcenturiesandwasafavoredbeautyoilofthegeishas.Inadditiontooilfromtheseeds,camellialeavesareusedtoproduce

green,white,andblacktea.

AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheseedsandissometimescalledteaoil.Scent: herbaceous, slightly sweetColor: pale to golden yellowApproximate

Shelf Life: 1–2 years Plant Part: As Above and So Below/Seeds MagicalSupportAbundanceandbeautyarethehallmarksofcamellia.Employthisoil toattractlove,comfort,andprosperity.Itisinstrumentalinopeningawarenessformatterspertaining to all levels of the self, especially spirituality. Use it for elementmagic and when striving to make your wishes come true. This oil boosts

confidence and provides protection. As a healer, camellia encourages balanceand supports fertility. Camellia is also associated with beginnings, changes,cycles,money,andwealth.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Moon,VenusElements:fire,waterCranberryBotanicalName:VacciniummacrocarponFamily:EricaceaeAlsoKnownAs:craneberry,goldsmith’sberryThecranberryrepresentedabundancetotheDelawareIndiansofNewJersey,andtomanyothertribesitwasasymbolofpeaceandfriendship.Onthepracticalside,theberrieswereusedforfoodand

medicineandthejuicetodyecloth.Likestrawberries,cranberriesgrowonvinesthattrailalongtheground.NativetothenortheasternUnitedStatesandsouthern

Canada,thecranberryplanthassmall,ovalleavesanduprightshootsthatproducewhitetopinkflowersandfruit.ThenamecraneberryissaidtohavecomefromearlyEuropeansettlers,whothoughtthecranberryflowerresembledthehead,neck,andbeakofacrane.Othersourcesreportthatitwassonamed

becauseitwasafavoritefoodofcranes.Cranberrywasalsoknownasgoldsmith’sberry,becauseitsaciditymadeiteffectiveforcleaningsilverware.AftercommercialcultivationofcranberriesbeganonCapeCodintheearlynineteenthcentury,theybecamestandardcargoonAmericanwhalingshipsto

helppreventscurvy.

AbouttheOilOilisobtainedfromtheseeds.Scent: fruity, slightly bitterColor: golden Approximate Shelf Life: 2 years

Plant Part: As Above and So Below/Seeds Magical Support The humblecranberry is an ally for determination, defense, and protection. It supportsbinding spells and element magic. Also use cranberry in spells that inviteabundance, comfort, and peace into your life. Its powers of purification areinstrumentalforhealingaswellasconsecratingritualspaceandobjects.Thisoilfosters inspiration and friendship. Cranberry is also associated with balance,beginnings,changes,andcycles.

Correspondences Zodiac: Mars Elements: fire, water EveningPrimrose

BotanicalName:OenotherabiennisFamily:OnagraceaeAlsoKnownAs:eveningstar,king’scureall,nightlight,nightwillowherb,scabishThisprairiewildflowerfromNorthAmericahasarosetteoflargebasalleavesandanerectstemthatcanreachthreetofivefeettall.Thespeciesnamemeansthatittakestwogrowingseasonstocomeintobloomandfruit.Bloomingonlyatnight,itsfragrant,yellowflowersgivewaytoclustersofoblongseedcapsules.Althoughnotatrueprimrose,itwassonamedbecauseofitsresemblancetothesmallerplantthatgrowsinBritain.Thecommonnamenightlightcomesfromtheslightphosphorescenceoftheblossomsthatemitafaintlightthatisvisibleondarknights.NativeAmericansusedtherootsforamedicinalteaandvariousotherpartsoftheplantforotherremedies.Forhuntingsuccess,theyrubbedtheplantontheirfeettomasktheirhumansmell.Englishsettlersusedthelemon-scentedleavesasaculinaryherbformorethanacenturybeforemedicinalusebeganin

the1700s.

AbouttheOilOilisextractedfromtheseeds.Scent: sweet, slightly nuttyColor: pale to golden yellowApproximate Shelf

Life:6monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportThis plant’s name bespeaks its powers for nightmagic. Additionally, eveningprimrose is instrumental for banishing spells and the protection of children. Itbringshopeandbuildssecuritythroughloveandwell-being.Whileitishelpfulin finding truth, it also encourages us to question it. As a healer, eveningprimroseprovidesbalanceduringtimesofchangeornewbeginnings.Itisalsoassociatedwithbeauty,cycles,andsuccessfulhunting.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:VenusElement:fireFlaxBotanicalName:LinumusitaatussimunFamily:LinaceaeAlsoKnownAs:

commonflax,linseed,lintbellsDefiningatypeofcloth,thewordlinencomesfromthisplant’sgenusname.Flaxisatall,uprightplantwithlance-shaped

leavesandpaleblue,five-petaledflowers.ItisnativetotheeasternMediterraneanandpartsofIndia.Containedinroundcapsules,theseedsarereddish-brown,small,andflat.FlaxwascultivatedinSyriaasearlyas6250to

5950BCE,butarchaeologicalevidenceshowsthatitwasusedevenearlier.TheEgyptianscultivatedittomakelampwicksforlightingbutmoreimportantly

clothforclothingandmummywrappings.Flaxhasbeencloselyassociatedwithspinning,andspinninghasbeenconsideredamagicalart.Transformingplantfibersintothreadandthenintocloth(theconversionofrawmaterialintousefulobjects)wasthedomainofwomen,whotookcareofthespinning,cooking,andalltransformingprocessesthatbroughtorderandthebasicnecessitiesofcomforttothefamily.Itisnosurprisethatthediviningfategoddesseswereassociated

withspinningbecauseitisaprocessthatcanmesmerizeandproduceatrancelikestate.

AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheflaxseeds.Scent:reminiscentofmeltedbutterColor:paletogoldenyellowApproximate

ShelfLife:6monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportThisplant’sconnectionwithspinningmakesitidealfordivinationandpsychicwork. It brings strength to angel andmoonmagic, and aids in transformation.Flaxishelpfulinissuesrelatingtosexuality.Useitinspellsthatbindorcharmsto attract abundance, money, and prosperity. In addition, this oil promotesawareness and healing. Flax can be a powerhouse for strength and protection,andis instrumental inkeepingsecrets.Useit to invitebeautyandcomfort intoyour life as well as kindness. Its link with spinning also associates it withbalance,beginnings,changes,cycles,andrenewal.

CorrespondencesSolar System: Mercury Element: fire Celebrations: Samhain, Walpurgis

Goddesses:Athena,Bertha,Brigid,theFates,Freya,Frigg,Holle,Minerva,theNornsGrapeBotanicalName:VitisviniferaFamily:VitaceaeTheEgyptianswroteaboutthe“twofaces”ofwine,sayingthatithadthe“potentialforjoyordisaster.”98

Hippocrates’sfourth-centuryBCErecommendationofitsimportanceforgoodhealthwaslaterechoedbyGalenofPergamum(c.131–201CE)andbasedon

thefactthatwinewasoftensafertodrinkthanwater.Winewasalsousedtotreatwoundsbecauseofitspowerfulantisepticproperties.Accordingtolegend,

Dionysus,theGreekgodofwineandvineyards,favoredgrapesasachildbecausetheywererefreshing.Liber,aRomangodwhopresidedovervegetation,waslateridentifiedwithDionysusandworshippedasBacchus,anamethat

comesfrombacca,meaning“berry.”Liber/Bacchusbecamethepersonificationoftheblessingsofnature,whichwaslaterextendedtorepresenttheblessingsofautumn.99Grapevineshavethick,woodybasesandclimbwiththeaidoftendrils.Theirjaggedleavesarelargeanddeeplylobed,andtheirfamiliarfruitgrowin

invertedpyramidalclusters.GrapesarenativetoAsiaMinor.

AbouttheOilOil isproduced from the seedsofvarious typesofwine-makinggrapesand isusuallyonlyavailableasarefinedoil.Itismostoftencalledgrapeseedoil.Scent:faint,nuttyColor:colorless topalegreenApproximateShelfLife:6 to

12monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportTheverysymbolofabundanceandprosperity,grapeseedoilisalsocloselytiedtosexandfertility.Inaddition,ithasstrongpowersofconsecrationandhealing.Use this oil to encourage clarity of mind for divination as well as creativeprojects.Supportinggrowthandinspiration,itincreasespersonalpowerforself-transformation. Grapeseed oil encourages cycles of change while maintainingbalance. This oil fosters kindness and happiness. It is also associated withbeginningsandmoney.

CorrespondencesSolar System: Moon Celebration: Mabon Elements: fire, water Goddess:

HathorGods:Bacchus/Liber,Dionysus,Mabon,Saturn,ThorHazelnutBotanicalName:CorylusavellanaFamily:BetulaceaeAlsoKnownAs:cobnut,EnglishhazelHazelnutsarenativetoEurope;theirgenusnamecomesfromtheGreekkorys,meaning“hood,”referringtotheshapeofthehuskthatcoversthenut.Likewisethenamehazel,fromtheAngloSaxonhaesel,meaning“bonnet,”alsoreferstothehusk.100Small,roundnutsarecalledcobs,andthelargeronesaremistakenlycalledfilberts(Corylusmaxima).Youngcatkin-bearingbranchesoftheseshrubbytreeswerecommonlycalledwands,andaccordingtolegend,Mercury’swingedwandwassaidtohavebeenmadeofhazel.HazelnutswereassociatedwiththemysticritesofbothMercuryandApollo.Usedfordivination

onSamhaininEngland,hazelnutswerealsofeaturedinCelticmythologyandcloselyassociatedwithsalmonandwater.Althoughthedetailsoflegendsdiffer,thehazelnutwasconsideredarepositoryofwisdom.Wheneatenbysalmon,

hazelnutswouldimpartknowledgeofallthingsandthegiftofsecondsight.He(orthey—sometimestherewerefive)becameknownasthesalmonof

knowledge,inspiration,andwisdom.Thesepropertieswerepassedalongtopeoplewhoatethesalmon.

AbouttheOilHazelnutoilisobtainedfromthekernel.Scent: faint, nuttyColor: pale to golden yellowApproximate Shelf Life: 12

monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportFamiliartomanyPagansforSamhaindivination,hazelnutisapowerfulaidforcontacting the Otherworld during this sabbat. As a symbol of knowledge,wisdom,andcycles,hazelnutisinstrumentalindevelopingthemindaswellasintuition. Use it in all forms of magic and when practicing the art ofclairvoyance.Itiseffectiveinspellsforattainingluck,beauty,anddesires.Thisoil provides protection, especially when dealing with problems, and can beemployedformanytypesofdefense.Useittobuildsecuritythroughabundance,andstrengththroughhealing.Hazelnutprovidesinspirationforcreativeprojects,initiating changes, and all forms of communication. It is also associated withbalance,beginnings,fertility,longevity,andmarriage.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Gemini,Leo,Libra,VirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,SunElements:air,

fire,waterCelebration:MabonGods:Apollo,Manannan,Mercury,Ogma,ThorGoddesses:Aphrodite,Arianrhod,Artemis,Boann,Danu,Diana,VenusJojobaBotanicalName:SimmondsiachinensisFamily:SimmondsiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:coffeebush,deernut,goatnut,pignut,wildhazelJojobaisamulti-trunkedevergreenshrubthatthrivesinitsnativedesertsofCalifornia,whereitcanlivemorethan100years.Jojoba’sovalleavesaregray-green,anditsfruitcapsules

containonetothreenuts.Thespecieswaserroneouslynamedchinensis(designatingthatitcamefromChina)whenabotanist’sspecimenswereshippedtoEnglandandmixedupwithplantshehadcollectedinAsia.Itscommonname

comesfromHohowi,aNativeAmericannamefortheplant.101Mainlyusedforfood,theCoahuilatribemadeadrinkfromjojobanuts,whichEuropeansettlersadaptedasasubstituteforcoffee.Therewaslittlecommercialinterestinthe

plantuntilinthe1930s,whentheoilwasdiscoveredtoactuallybealiquidwaxthatcouldbesubstitutedforwhaleoilwithalotlessprocessing.

AbouttheOilAsmentioned,jojobaisactuallyaliquidwaxthatisextractedfromthebean.Itisparticularlygoodforuseontheskinasitissimilartothebody’snaturaloil.Jojobaoilishighlystableandhasalongshelflife.Scent:softnutty,slightlysweetColor:goldentobrownishyellowApproximate

ShelfLife:IndefinitePlantPart:AsAbove/FruitMagicalSupportJojoba is a bringer of beauty, comfort, andhealing.Use it to get relationshipsback on track or for any aspect of life that needs stimulation. Its powers ofpurification are instrumental for renewal as well as breaking hexes. Buildingstrength and determination, jojoba aids in success of purpose.Use this oil forspells to increase abundance and money. Jojoba helps to ground and balanceenergyafterritual.Itisalsoassociatedwithcyclesandlongevity.

CorrespondencesSolarSystem:JupiterElement:waterGod:AdonisOliveBotanicalName:OleaeuropaeaFamily:OleaceaeThisslow-growingevergreentreewasthefruittreeofclassicalancientcivilizations.Itcanliveandbearfruitformorethan1000years,withsomesourcesindicatingupto2,000years.

OriginatingintheeasternMediterraneanregion,itsgenusnamecomesfromtheGreekelaiaanditscommonnamefromtheLatinoliva.102ToancientEgyptians,olivessymbolizedregenerationandimmortalitybecauseifatreeburneddown,therootsoftensurvivedandsproutednewgrowth.Withthisinmind,crownsof

olivebrancheswereplacedwithinmummycasesasaidsfortheafterlife.Accordingtolegend,AthenaplantedthefirstoliveontheAcropolisinAthens,wherethistreecametobeassociatedwithpeace,security,andwisdom.InSpain,

oliveoilwasusedtomakethehigh-qualityCastilesoap,whichbecamethemust-haveluxuryitemoftheeighthcentury.TheCaliforniamissionoliveswere

sonamedbecausetheywerefirstgrownintheUnitedStatesbytheSpanishpadresattheirmissions.

AbouttheOilOil isextracted fromthe fruit.Because theoil is fairly thick, it isoftenmixedwithalighterone.Scent: faintolive smellColor:greenishApproximateShelfLife: 1 to 2 years

PlantPart:AsAbove/FruitMagicalSupportAsymbolofpeace,hope,andprosperity,oliveoil’srealpowersencompassallthings sexual: from energy, attraction, andmagic to lust, love, and passion. Itcoversfertility,fidelity,andmarriage,too.Oliveisalsoanoilofthehomeandhealing that enhances vitality and longevity. Use it to manifest success,protection, and well-being for the family. Its connection with spirituality andpowersofpurificationmakeit ideal forconsecratinganythingused inritualormagic.Additionally,itaidsincontactingthespiritrealm.Useoliveinspellstoincreaseabundance,luck,andmoney.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwiththemind,renewal,security,andwealth.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Aries, Leo Solar System: Jupiter, Mercury, Moon, Sun

Element: water Goddesses: Amaterasu, Athena, Fides, Flora, Minerva, PeleGods:Amun,Apollo,Brahma,Horus,Indra,Jupiter,Poseidon,Ra,ZeusPecanBotanicalName:CaryapecanFamily:JuglandaceaeCousintohickoryand

walnut,thepecanisalong-livedtreewithabroad,roundedcrown.Ithaslance-shapedleavesandgreenishflowers/catkins.Itsgenusnamecomesfromthe

Greekkarya,meaning“nut-bearingtree.”ThenamepecancomesfromNativeAmericanpacane,meaning“ahardnutthatneedsastonetocrack.”103NativetotheMississippiRiverValleyinNorthAmerica,pecanshavebeenfoundwithgravegoodsthatdateto8900BCE.Thesenutswereamajorfoodsource,

medicine,andtradeitemforNativeAmericans.Archaeologicalevidenceshowsthatsometribesevencultivatedthetrees.Inaddition,thecreamlikeliquidfromthenutkernelwasusedtomakeanintoxicatingdrinkcalledPowcohicora.104

AbouttheOil

Oilisextractedfromthenut.Itissomewhatmoreoilythanmostandworksbestwhenmixedwithanothercarrier.Scent: slightly nuttyColor: almost clearApproximate Shelf Life: 12 months

PlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportPecanbringsabundance,comfort,andbalancetooilblends.Useitwhenseekingfinancial security, especially for protecting employment. Also use it to drawmoney and prosperity into your life. Pecan supports elementmagic and helpsmakewishes come true. This oil is also associated with changes, cycles, andlongevity.

CorrespondencesZodiac:Gemini,VirgoSolarSystem:MercuryElements:air,firePomegranateBotanicalName:Punicagranatumsyn.MalumpunicumFamily:Lythraceae;formerlyithaditsownfamily,PunicaceaeOriginatingintheMiddleEast,thepomegranateisashrubbytreethatcanliveupto200years.Itsnarrowleavesareusuallylightgreenbutsometimesreddish.Thefruitandflowers,whichrange

fromwhitetored,growonshortspursneartheendsofbranches.Whilepomegranate’soutdatedbotanicalnameofMalumpunicummeans“appleof

Carthage,”itspresentgenusnamecomesfromPoeni,thenameofthePhoenicianancestorsofCarthage.Granatummeans“manyseeds.”105Witha

widerangeofapplications,pomegranateswereusedforcosmeticsandmedicines;thejuicewasfermentedintoawine;theflowerswereusedtodyehairredandtherindstodyeleatherayellowishcolor.SomescholarsbelieveitcouldhavebeenthetreeofknowledgeintheGardenofEdenratherthantheapple,whichwasunknowninthatregionatthattime.106TotheGreeks,

pomegranatessymbolizedeternalfruitfulnessaswellasthemysteriesofdeathandrebirth.MythstoldoftheirgrowingintheUnderworldandthattheywerethefoodofthedead.HadesusedthemtotrickPersephonebecausehaving

partakenoffoodintheUnderworld,shewasboundtothatrealm.

AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheseedsofthepomegranate.Scent:fairlyodorlessColor:yellowApproximateShelfLife:12monthsPlant

Part:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupport

AstrongchoiceforSamhain,pomegranateiseffectiveanytimeforhonoringthedeador connectingwith theOtherworld.Pomegranate serves as a reminderofthe cyclesof change andnewbeginningsprevalent atSamhain.Thisoil helpswhendealingwiththelossofalovedoneandprovidessupportforthehomeandfamilyingeneral.Useitforclarityindivinationaswellasanointingothersandconsecratingaltars.Thisoilalsohelpstogroundenergyandcomeintobalanceafter ritual. Pomegranate is a symbol of hope and boundless love that quietlybringsdesirestolife.Useitinspellstoincreaseluck,prosperity,andsecurityaswell as provide protection. Pomegranate is also associated with creativity,fertility,money,andwealth.

CorrespondencesZodiac: Gemini, Scorpio, Virgo Solar System: Mercury Celebration:

SamhainElements: earth, fireGoddesses: Aphrodite, Astarte, Ceres, Demeter,Hera,Persephone,SekhmetGods:Attis,Hades,PlutoRosehipBotanicalName:Rosarubiginosa;inSouthAmerica:R.mosquetaFamily:RosaceaeAlsoKnownAs:English:sweetbrier;Spanish:rosadelcampoThisthicklybranchingshrubreachesthreetoninefeetinheightandproducesmorefruitthananyotherrose.Pinkflowersgrowsinglyoringroupsofthreetofive,

andtheberry-likerosehipsareorange-scarlet.InsomepartsofFrance,itwascalledrosedudiableandrosesorcière(roseofthedevilorsorcerer)becauseitsthornspointdowntowardtheUnderworld.107NativetoEuropeandwesternAsia,itbecamenaturalizedinSouthAmericaafterbeingintroducedtherebytheSpanish.

Rosehipshavealonghistoryofmedicinaluseandhavebeenfoundatprehistoricsites,wheretheymayhavebeenusedasfoodand/ormedicine.SincethetimeofancientRome,theyhavebeenpopularthroughoutEurope.ThesweetbrierwasmadeimmortalbyShakespeareasoneofthethreetypesofrosesinTitania’sbower(AMidsummerNight’sDream)aswellastherosethatgrewfromthe

graveofTristan(TristanandIsolde).InSiberia,rosetwigswereplacedwithcutlogstopreventevilfromenteringthestructurethatwouldeventuallybebuilt

withthetimber.

AbouttheOil

Oil isobtainedfromtheseeds.Because it isexpensive, it isoftenuseddilutedwithanothercarrier.Scent:faintlyearthyColor:pinktingetoreddishApproximateShelfLife:6-12

months Plant Part: As Above and So Below/Seeds Magical Support Eventhoughthisoildoesnotcomefromtheroseflower,itstillcarriesthepowersoflove, attraction, and fidelity. Rosehip oil is also instrumental for divination,clairvoyance,dreamwork,andpsychicwork. Itengendersconfidence,courage,andtrust,andaidsinbuildinginnerpowerformagic.Thisoilissupportivewhendealingwithsorrowwhenalovedonediesaswellasgeneralproblems.Useittobreakhexesandinbanishingspellsaswellastoreleaseanythingunwantedfromyourlife.Alsouseittoattractluckorprovideprotection.Rosehipraisesspiritualenergy, bringing peace, wisdom, and inspiration, as well as blessings. Thehealingenergyofrosehipisespeciallyhelpfulforfertility,strengtheningfamilyties, and engendering happiness. It is also associatedwith balance, beginning,changes,creativity,cycles,andknowledge.

Correspondences Zodiac: Cancer, Libra, Sagittarius, Taurus SolarSystem: Venus Elements: fire, water Celebrations: Mabon, Ostara,RosaliaGoddesses:Aphrodite,Demeter,Flora,Freya,Hathor,Holle,Isis,VenusGods:

Adonis,Cupid,ErosSesameBotanicalName:SesamumindicumFamily:PedaliaceaeAlsoKnownAs:benne,sum-sumSesameisforeverlinkedwithAliBaba’smagicalphraseopensesame,whichmayhavecomefromthewaytheseedpodssuddenlyspringopenwitha

poppingsound.108Podsholding50to100flat,ovalseedsforminsidethetrumpet-shapedflowersastheyfade.Sesame’sspeciesnamemeans“from

India,”wheretheplantisbelievedtohavebeendomesticated.CakesofsesameandhoneycalledmelloiwereofferingstotheGoddessattheThesmophoria,awomen’sautumnfestivalinSicily.Sesamecakeswerealsousedinthefestival

ofElapheboliatohonorArtemis.109

In addition to a temple offering, sesame and honey cakeswere a symbol offertilityandincludedinGreekandRomanweddingmeals.

AbouttheOil

Theoilisobtainedfromtheseeds.Itisalsoknownasgingellyoilandteeloil.Scent:sweet,nutty,maybestrongColor:goldentodarkyellowApproximate

Shelf Life: 6–12 monthsPlant Part: As Above and So Below/SeedsMagicalSupportSesame’spowersofpurificationcanbeemployed toconsecratemagicspace, to banish negativity, or to release a lover. It is also instrumental fordefense and helpful when dealing with negative spirits. This oil providesprotection inmagicwork, luckwhen seeking justice, and truthwhen keepingsecrets.Useitinspellstoincreasemoneyandprosperityaswellastostimulatechange. Sesame is also effective in matters of sex and passion, fertility andvitality.Itisalsoassociatedwithbalance,beginnings,andcycles.

Correspondences Solar System: Sun Element: fire Celebration:Imbolc,MabonGoddess:ArtemisGod:GaneshSunflowerBotanicalName:HelianthusannuusFamily:AsteraceaeWithagenusnamethathonorstheGreeksungodHelios,thelarge,yellow-rayedflowerheadstrackthesun’sdailyjourneyacrossthesky.Sunflowersaretall(almosteightfeet),erectannualswiththick,branchedstemsandcoarse,heart-shapedleavescoveredinroughhair.IndigenoustotheNorthAmericanprairies,allpartsoftheplantwere

usedbyNativeAmericansforawiderangeofmedicinalremedies.Thesunflowerwasconsideredaceremonialmedicineplant,especiallyforwardances.Cakesmadefromtheseedsweretakenalongbywarpartiestohelpsustainthem.Sunflowerswerealsousedforeverydayfood,dyes,and

adornment.BythetimetheEuropeansettlersarrived,sunflowersweregrownascropsbysettledtribesthroughoutalargepartofNorthAmerica.

AbouttheOilOilisobtainedfromtheseeds.Scent: faintnuttyColor:pale togoldenyellowApproximateShelfLife: 6–12

monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportSunflowerbringssolarenergyandstrength tooilblends focusedonspiritualityandwell-being. It adds clarity to dreamwork as well as problem solving. Use it forprotection and for releasing things that are unwanted in your life. This oil iseffective in spells for attracting happiness, money, and luck, as well as anymagic work relating to cycles and change. Sunflower is instrumental when

seeking self-knowledge that brings peace and balance. It is also helpfulwhendealingwithsorrow.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithbeginnings,desires,fertility,andwisdom.

Correspondences Zodiac: Leo Solar System: Sun Element: fireCelebration:LughnasadhGoddesses:Demeter,ModronGods:Apollo,Helios[contents]

93.Rosengarten,TheBookofEdibleNuts,4.94.Green,FieldGuidetoProduce,6.95.PaullandDuarte,TropicalFruit,153.96.Fernie,HerbalSimples,48.97.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,217.98.McGovern,TheOriginsandAncientHistoryofWine,14.99.Berens,TheMythsandLegendsofAncientGreeceandRome,124.100.Rosengarten,TheBookofEdibleNuts,95.101.Nugent,PermaculturePlants,45.102.Dalby,FoodintheAncientWorld,238.103.Rieger,IntroductiontoFruitCrops,337.104.Murray,EncyclopediaofHealingFoods,441.105.Clay,TropicalShrubs,126.106.Duke,Duke’sHandbookofMedicinalPlantsoftheBible,362.107.Watts,DictionaryofPlantLore,105.108.Armstrong,WildlifeandPlants,972.109.Ransome,TheSacredBeeinAncientTimesandFolklore,132.

AppendixA

Cross-ReferencebyMagicalIntent

MagicalIntentAbundance(toattract,perpetuate)EssentialOils:allspice(berryoil),bergamot,birch,chamomile,grapefruit,helichrysum,juniper,lemon,lime,litsea,mandarin,myrrh,myrtle,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,pepper,pine,staranise,tagetes,tarragon,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,avocado,camellia,cranberry,flax,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,olive,pecanAnimals(tocarefor,workwith,hunt)EssentialOils:catnip,mugwort,sage(common,Spanish),spikenardCarrierOil:eveningprimrose(successfulhunting)HuntCarrierOil:eveningprimrose(successful)

AstralRealm(toexplore,workwith)EssentialOils:amyris,benzoin,cassia,celery,cinnamon,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,jasmine,mugwort,parsley,sandalwoodAttractionEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,basil,cananga,cassia,catnip,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,frankincense,geranium,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,neroli,oregano,patchouli,rose,rosemary,spearmint,spikenard,tagetes,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:avocado,camellia,olive,rosehip

AwarenessEssentialOils:anise,bay,bergamot,birch,cassia,catnip,cinnamon,clove,cypress,fir,frankincense,galangal,helichrysum,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemon,mugwort,myrrh,neroli,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,rosemary,sandalwood,spearmint,staranise,thyme,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,borage,camellia,flax

BalanceEssentialOils:amyris,angelica(seedoil),anise,basil,bay,cajeput,camphor,cananga,caraway,cardamom,carrot,cassia(barkoil),cedarwood,celery,cinnamon(barkoil),clarysage,coriander,cumin,cypress,dill(seedoil),elemi,eucalyptus(lemon),fennel(sweet),fir(silver),frankincense,hops,lavender,lavandin,marjoram,myrrh,niaouli,nutmeg,opopanax,oregano,parsley,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,spikenard,spruce,teatree,vetiver,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerBanishEssentialOils:angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,camphor,cedarwood,clove,cumin,cypress,eucalyptus,frankincense,galangal,juniper,mugwort,myrrh,opopanax,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,staranise,yarrowCarrierOils:eveningprimrose,rosehip,sesame

BeautyEssentialOils:angelica,basil,cananga,catnip,chamomile,clarysage,clove(budoil),geranium,ginger,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,mugwort,neroli,nutmeg,oregano,peppermint,rose,rosemary,spearmint,tagetes,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,avocado,borage,camellia,eveningprimrose,flax,hazelnut,jojobaBeginningsEssentialOils:angelica(seedoil),anise,birch,caraway,cardamom,carrot,celery,clove(budoil),coriander,cumin,dill(seedoil),fennel(sweet),fir,geranium,juniper,mugwort,nutmeg,parsley,pine,rose,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerBind(withanoathorpledge)EssentialOils:angelica,clove,cypress,frankincense(breakbonds),hops,jasmine,pepper,pine,rose,rosemaryCarrierOils:apricot,cranberry,flax

Bless/ConsecrateEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,coriander,cypress,fennel,frankincense,galangal,galbanum,geranium,helichrysum,hyssop,jasmine,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lime,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,pepper,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,spikenard,staranise,tagetes,thyme,valerian,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,cranberry,grape,olive,pomegranate,rosehip,sesameChanges(tocopewith,initiate,support)EssentialOils:angelica(seedoil),anise,basil,cananga,caraway,cardamom,carrot,catnip,celery,clarysage,coriander,cumin,cypress,dill(seedoil),fennel(sweet),fir(silver),hyssop,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrrh,nutmeg,opopanax,oregano,parsley,patchouli,peppermint,sage,spearmint,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerClairaudienceEssentialOil:grapefruit

ClairvoyanceEssentialOils:anise,basil,bay,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,coriander,frankincense,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,mugwort,nutmeg,oakmoss,patchouli,rose,sage,sandalwood,staranise,tagetes,thyme,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,borage,hazelnut,rosehip

ClarityEssentialOils:basil,bay,birch,camphor,cardamom,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,clarysage,cypress,elemi,frankincense,helichrysum,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,mandarin,nutmeg,orange,oregano,palmarosa,peppermint,petitgrain,rosemary,sandalwood,spearmint,spruceCarrierOils:grape,pomegranate,sunflower

Comfort(toseek,give)EssentialOils:basil,benzoin,cedarwood,clove,cypress,fir,frankincense,galangal,geranium,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrrh,opopanax,oregano,rose,rosemary,sage,savory,spruce,tagetes,tarragonCarrierOils:avocado,camellia,cranberry,flax,jojoba,pecanCommunicationEssentialOils:allspice,cedarwood,chamomile,citronella,fennel,fir,geranium,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,myrtle,rosemary,spikenard,tagetes,valerianCarrierOils:almond,hazelnut

Concentration/FocusEssentialOils:basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,birch,camphor,cardamom,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,cypress,elemi,frankincense,geranium,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lemongrass,marjoram,myrrh,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,oregano,palmarosa,parsley,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,spikenardConfidenceEssentialOils:basil,bergamot,caraway,cardamom,cedarwood,geranium,grapefruit,jasmine,lemon,lime,mandarin,neroli,orange,petitgrain,pine,rose,rosemary,storax,tarragon,teatree,thyme,turmeric,yarrowCarrierOils:camellia,rosehip

ControlEssentialOils:benzoin,bergamot,cedarwood,chamomile,elemi,fir(balsam),frankincense,galbanum,geranium,labdanum,myrrh,opopanax,storaxCourageEssentialOils:allspice,basil,bay,bergamot,cajeput,cardamom,catnip,cedarwood,clove,fennel,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,lavender,lavandin,palmarosa,pepper,pine,rose,rosemary,thyme,turmeric,yarrowCarrierOils:borage,rosehip

CreativityEssentialOils:amyris,bay,birch,cajeput,cananga,cardamom,cassia,celery,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,dill(seedoil),fennel(sweet),fir,geranium,helichrysum,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,myrtle,neroli,nutmeg,orange,patchouli,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,savory,spikenard,storax,teatree,valerian,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,grape,hazelnut,pomegranate,rosehipCyclesEssentialOils:amyris,angelica,anise,camphor,caraway,cardamom,carrot,celery,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel,fir(silver),galbanum,lovage,myrtle,nutmeg,parsley,pine,rosemary,valerianCarrierOils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerTheDead/AfterlifeEssentialOils:basil,cedarwood,cypress,fir,galbanum,marjoram,myrrh,myrtle,oakmoss,opopanax,oregano,parsley,patchouli,rose,rosemary,tagetes,yarrowCarrierOil:pomegranate,rosehip

DefenseEssentialOils:angelica,basil,bay,birch,cassia,cinnamon,cypress,dill,fir,frankincense,jasminejuniper,mandarin,marjoram,mugwort,patchouli,pepper,pine,rosemary,yarrowCarrierOils:apricot,cranberry,hazelnut,sesameDesires/Wishes(tomanifest)EssentialOils:basil,bay,cardamom,cassia,chamomile,cinnamon,dill,galangal,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,patchouli,pine,rose,sage,sandalwoodCarrierOils:camellia,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate,sunflowerDeterminationEssentialOils:allspice,bay,birch,cajeput,cananga,cedarwood,chamomile,clove,eucalyptus,hops,myrtle,niaouli,nutmeg,pepper,pine,rosemary,tagetes,teatree,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:apricot,cranberry,jojoba

DivinationEssentialOils:angelica,anise,basil,bay,bergamot,birch,camphor,cananga,cardamom,cassia,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,coriander,cypress,dill,fennel,fir,frankincense,galbanum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemongrass,lovage,mandarin,mugwort,myrrh,nutmeg,oakmoss,opopanax,orange,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,rose,sage,sandalwood,staranise,storax,tagetes,thyme,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,flax,grape,hazelnut,pomegranate,rosehipDreamworkEssentialOils:amyris,angelica,anise,bay,bergamot,camphor,cananga,caraway,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,cinnamon,clarysage,eucalyptus,frankincense,helichrysum,hops,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,nutmeg,orange,pepper,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,tagetes,tarragon,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:rosehip,sunflower

Emotions(todealwith,support,understand)EssentialOils:anise,basil,benzoin,bergamot,camphor,cananga,cedarwood,chamomile,clove,coriander,cumin,eucalyptus,fir,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,helichrysum,jasmine,juniper,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,litsea,myrrh,myrtle,niaouli,oakmoss,opopanax,orange,oregano,palmarosa,parsley,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,spikenard,spruce,teatree,valerian,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-ylangEnergyEssentialOils:allspice(leafoil),amyris,angelica,anise,basil,bergamot,birch,camphor,caraway,cassia(leafoil),catnip,chamomile,cinnamon(leafoil),citronella,clarysage,clove(leafoil),dill(leafoil),elemi,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,hyssop(dragon),juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,lime,litsea,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,palmarosa,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,staranise,storax,tagetes,tarragon(dragon),thyme,turmeric,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:apricot,olive,rosehip,sunflower

FertilityEssentialOils:anise,basil,birch,cananga,caraway,carrot,catnip,cedarwood,chamomile,clarysage,clove(budoil),coriander,fennel,geranium,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,neroli,orange,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,spearmint,tagetes,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,avocado,camellia,grape,hazelnut,olive,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerFidelityEssentialOils:basil,caraway,cedarwood,celery,coriander,cumin,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,lime,myrtle,nutmeg,orange,rose,rosemary,spikenard,tagetes,yarrowCarrierOils:olive,rosehip

Friends/FriendshipEssentialOils:allspice,basil,catnip,cedarwood,citronella,clove,geranium,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lime,pine,rose,rosemary,yarrowCarrierOil:cranberry

Ground/CenterEssentialOils:angelica(rootoil),celery,chamomile,citronella,cypress,elemi,fir,galangal,ginger,helichrysum,hops,juniper,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,litsea,lovage,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,pine,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,spikenard,spruce,turmeric,valerian,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:jojoba,pomegranate

GrowthEssentialOils:allspice(leafoil),amyris,angelica,anise,basil,bay,birch,cajeput,camphor,cassia(leafoil),cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon(leafoil),citronella,clarysage,clove(leafoil),cypress,dill(leafoil),eucalyptus(lemon),fir,frankincense,geranium,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lemonbalm,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sandalwood,spearmint,spruce,tagetes,tarragon,teatree,thyme,yarrowCarrierOil:grape

HappinessEssentialOils:anise,basil,bergamot,catnip,clove,cypress,fir,frankincense,geranium,jasmine,juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,litsea,mandarin,marjoram,mugwort,neroli,orange,oregano,patchouli,rose,sandalwood,savory,staranise,tagetes,thyme,valerian,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,avocado,borage,grape,rosehip,sunflowerHealingEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,cajeput,camphor,cananga,cardamom,carrot,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,coriander,cypress,elemi,eucalyptus,fennel,fir(balsamresinoil),frankincense,galangal,galbanum,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,helichrysum,hops,jasmine,juniper,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lime,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,niaouli,opopanax,oregano,palmarosa,pepper,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,spikenard,spruce,storax,tagetes,teatree,thyme,turmeric,valerian,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:avocado,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,olive,rosehipHexes(tosetorbreak)EssentialOils:basil,benzoin,bergamot,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,citronella,clove,dill,fir,geranium,ginger,hyssop,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,oregano,patchouli,pepper,rose,sandalwood,snakeroot,storax,teatree,turmeric,valerian,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:jojoba,rosehip

Hexes(toprotectfrom)EssentialOils:angelica,bay,galangal,juniper,marjoram,nutmeg,pine,rosemaryHome/Family

EssentialOils:anise,basil,bay,benzoin,camphor,cananga,catnip,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel,lavender,lavandin,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,neroli,oregano,patchouli,pine,rose,spearmint,storax,thyme,valerian,vetiver,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:olive,pomegranate,rosehip

HopeEssentialOils:fir,hyssop,litsea,niaouli,pine,spruceCarrierOils:almond,eveningprimrose,olive,pomegranateIncreaseEssentialOils:allspice(berryoil),bergamot,camphor,cassia,cinnamon,cumin,galangal,grapefruit,juniper,lemon,lime,litsea,mandarin,nutmeg,orange,pepper,rosemary,staranise,thymeCarrierOils:avocado,grape,jojoba,olive,sesameInspirationEssentialOils:angelica,bay,benzoin,birch,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,cypress,fir,frankincense,ginger,grapefruit,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,mandarin,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,spruce,teatreeCarrierOils:cranberry,grape,hazelnut,rosehip

IntuitionEssentialOils:bay,birch,cananga,chamomile,clarysage,jasmine,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,pine,rosemary,spruce,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOil:hazelnut

JusticeEssentialOils:bay,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,cypress,dill,frankincense,galangal,jasmine,lovage,nutmeg,patchouli,pepper,pine,sandalwood,tagetes,tarragonCarrierOil:sesame

KindnessEssentialOils:allspice,bergamot,grapefruit,lemon,lime,mandarin,neroli,niaouli,parsley,petitgrain,savory,spikenard,valerianCarrierOil:flax,grape

KnowledgeEssentialOils:angelica,benzoin,birch,cassia,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,cypress,dill,fennel,frankincense,juniper,labdanum,patchouli,pine,rosemary,sage,tarragon,valerianCarrierOils:almond,apricot,hazelnut,rosehip,sunflowerLongevityEssentialOils:angelica,bay,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,clove,coriander,cumin,cypress,fennel,fir,frankincense,galangal,ginger,helichrysum,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lovage,myrrh,opopanax,pine,rosemary,sage,snakeroot,spikenard,spruce,tagetes,turmeric,valerian,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,apricot,avocado,hazelnut,jojoba,olive,pecan,pomegranateLoss(todealwith)EssentialOils:anise,caraway,cypress,fennel,labdanum,myrrh,opopanax,roseCarrierOil:pomegranate

LoveEssentialOils:allspice,anise,basil,bergamot,birch,cananga,caraway,cardamom,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clove,coriander,cumin,dill,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lime,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,neroli,nutmeg,orange,palmarosa,patchouli,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,spearmint,spikenard,storax,thyme,valerian,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,avocado,camellia,eveningprimrose,olive,pomegranate,rosehipLuckEssentialOils:allspice,anise,basil,bergamot,caraway,cassia,catnip,cedarwoood,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,dill,galangal,geranium,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,oakmoss,patchouli,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,snakeroot,spearmint,spikenard,staranise,storax,thyme,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,hazelnut,olive,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerLustEssentialOils:cardamom,carrot,cinnamon,clove,cumin,dill,galangal,ginger,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,parsley,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,rosemaryCarrierOil:olive

MagicEssentialOils:benzoin,clove,frankincense,galangal,helichrysum,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,mandarin,mugwort,nutmeg,oakmoss,patchouliCarrierOils:almond,borage,flax,hazelnut,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerAngelMagicEssentialOils:angelica,basil,myrrh,opopanax,sandalwood,tagetesCarrierOil:borage,flax

AnimalMagicEssentialOils:catnip,myrrh,opopanax,yarrowBlackMagicEssentialOils:dill,juniper,marjoram,oreganoDefensiveMagicEssentialOils:basil,bay,cassia,cinnamon,citronella,cypress,dill,jasmine,juniper,marjoram,oregano,patchouli,pepper,pine,rosemary,sandalwood,vetiver,yarrowElementMagicEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,basil,camphor,caraway,cardamom,carrot,catnip,cedarwood,citronella,coriander,hops,parsley,sandalwoodCarrierOils:apricot,camellia,cranberry,pecanElfMagicEssentialOils:geranium,lavender,lavandin,palmarosa,rosemaryFairyMagicEssentialOils:cananga,rose,thyme,ylang-ylangMoonMagicEssentialOils:camphor,ginger,jasmine,lemon,sandalwoodCarrierOil:flax

NightMagicEssentialOils:jasmine,neroliCarrierOil:eveningprimrose

SexMagicEssentialOils:caraway,cardamom,carrot,cassia,celery,cinnamon,coriander,dill,ginger,jasmine,lovage,myrrh,opopanax,patchouli,rose,sandalwoodCarrierOils:avocado,olive

ManifestationEssentialOils:allspice(berryoil),angelica,bay,bergamot,chamomile,grapefruit,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemonbalm,lime,litsea,mandarin,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,orange,patchouli,pepper,sandalwood,staraniseCarrierOils:avocado,olive

MarriageEssentialOils:anise,bay,lavender,lavandin,marjoram,myrtle,neroli,rosemary,sandalwood,yarrowCarrierOils:hazelnut,olive

Memory/MemoriesEssentialOils:amyris,basil,bay,camphor,caraway,catnip,clarysage,clove,coriander,cypress,fir,ginger,helichrysum,lemonbalm,marjoram,nutmeg,oregano,parsley,patchouli,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sage,spearmint,spruceTheMindEssentialOils:amyris,anise,benzoin,birch,cajeput,camphor,caraway,cardamom,cedarwood,celery,citronella,clarysage,clove,dill,fennel,fir,grapefruit,hyssop,lemonbalm,lemongrass,lime,mandarin,niaouli,nutmeg,orange,palmarosa,parsley,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,spikenard,storax,tagetes,teatree,valerianCarrierOils:apricot,borage,grape,hazelnut,oliveMoney(toacquire,increase,holdonto)EssentialOils:allspice,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,dill,fennel,fir,galangal,ginger,hyssop,jasmine,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrtle,nutmeg,oakmoss,orange,parsley,patchouli,peppermint,pine,sage,snakeroot,spruce,thyme,valerian,vetiverCarrierOils:almond,borage,camellia,flax,grape,jojoba,olive,pecan,pomegranate,sesame,sunflowerNegativity(toavert,banish,release)EssentialOils:amyris,angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,camphor,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,citronella,clove,cumin,dill,eucalyptus,frankincense,galangal,hyssop,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lime,lovage,mandarin,marjoram,myrrh,niaouli,opopanax,patchouli,peppermint,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,spikenard,staranise,storax,thyme,yarrowCarrierOil:sesame

TheOtherworld/UnderworldEssentialOils:amyris,angelica(rootoil),anise,cypress,fir,galangal,galbanum,ginger,lovage,myrtle,neroli,oakmoss,oregano,patchouli,rose,

snakeroot,spikenard,staranise,thyme,turmeric,valerian,vetiverCarrierOils:hazelnut,pomegranate

PassionEssentialOils:cardamom,cassia,celery,cinnamon,coriander,galangal,ginger,lemongrass,lovage,myrtle,patchouli,rose,turmericCarrierOils:apricot,avocado,olive,sesame

Past-lifeWorkEssentialOils:amyris,camphor,eucalyptus,frankincense,lemonbalm,myrrh,opopanax,rosemary,sandalwoodPeaceEssentialOils:angelica,basil,bay,bergamot,cananga,catnip,cedarwood,chamomile,clarysage,coriander,cumin,cypress,fir,geranium,ginger,helichrysum,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrrh,myrtle,neroli,opopanax,orange,oregano,palmarosa,patchouli,pine,rose,sage,sandalwood,spikenard,tagetes,tarragon,valerian,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,cranberry,olive,rosehip,sunflowerPowerEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,basil,bay,bergamot,cassia,cinnamon,clove,frankincense,galangal,ginger,mugwort,nutmeg,patchouli,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,staranise,storax,thyme,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:borage,flax,grape,hazelnut,rosehipProblems(todealwith,overcome)EssentialOils:angelica,basil,bay,bergamot,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,dill,ginger,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,myrrh,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,rose,sage,savory,spikenard,spruce,valerian,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:hazelnut,rosehip,sunflower

ProsperityEssentialOils:allspice,basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,cumin,dill,fir,galangal,ginger,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,mandarin,marjoram,myrrh,myrtle,nutmeg,opopanax,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,pine,sage,snakeroot,spearmint,storax,tagetes,vetiverCarrierOils:almond,camellia,flax,grape,olive,pecan,pomegranate,sesameProtectionEssentialOils:amyris,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,cajeput,camphor,caraway,cassia(barkoil),catnip,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,cinnamon(barkoil),citronella,clove,coriander,cumin,cypress,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,galangal,geranium,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lime,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,niaouli,nutmeg,opopanax,parsley,pepper,petitgrain,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,snakeroot,spearmint,spruce,tarragon,teatree,thyme,turmeric,valerian,vetiverCarrierOils:almond,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,hazelnut,olive,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerPsychicProtectionEssentialOils:angelica,anise,benzoin,bergamot,frankincense,patchouli,rosemary,sage,storax,yarrowSpiritualProtectionEssentialOils:rosemary,tagetes,yarrow

PsychicWorkEssentialOils:anise,basil,camphor,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,elemi,eucalyptus,fennel,frankincense,galangal,ginger,grapefruit,helichrysum,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,neroli,nutmeg,oakmoss,opopanax,oregano,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,staranise,tagetes,thyme,yarrowCarrierOils:borage,flax,rosehip

ChannelingEssentialOils:angelica,bay,benzoin,chamomile(Roman),cypress,fir,galbanum,jasmine,myrtle,petitgrain,pine,sprucePurification(tocleanse,makenew)

EssentialOils:allspice,angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,camphor,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clove,cumin,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,frankincense,galbanum,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemongrass,lime,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,niaouli,opopanax,orange,oregano,parsley,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,spearmint,spikenard,staranise,teatree,thyme,turmeric,valerian,yarrowCarrierOils:apricot,borage,cranberry,jojoba,olive,sesamePurpose(tofind,understand)EssentialOils:allspice(leafoil),amyris,basil,birch,camphor,cardamom,cassia(leafoil),cinnamon(leafoil),citronella,clarysage,clove(leafoil),dill(leafoil),elemi,eucalyptus(bluegum),fir(balsam,needleoil),geranium,hyssop,lemonbalm,lemongrass,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,oakmoss,palmarosa,patchouli,rosemary,sage,tagetes,tarragon,teatreeCarrierOil:jojoba

RelationshipsEssentialOils:basil,caraway,cardamom,clove,geranium,ginger,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,oregano,palmarosa,patchouli,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,spikenard,tagetes,yarrowCarrierOils:apricot,jojoba

Release(toletgoofsomethingorsomeoneandmoveon)EssentialOils:bay,cedarwood,clove,cumin,cypress,eucalyptus,frankincenseginger,juniper,lavender,lavandin,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,nutmeg,opopanax,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,yarrowCarrierOils:rosehip,sesame,sunflower

RenewalEssentialOils:angelica(seedoil),anise,birch,caraway,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,coriander,cumin,cypress,dill(leafoil),fennel(sweet),fir,frankincense,galbanum,helichrysum,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,litsea,lovage,myrrh,opopanax,parsley,patchouli,pine,rosemary,sandalwood,spruce,thymeCarrierOils:almond,apricot,flax,jojoba,oliveSecrets(tokeep)EssentialOils:angelica(rootoil),caraway,clarysage,coriander,galangal,ginger,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lovage,rose,sage,snakeroot,spikenard,tarragon,turmeric,valerian,vetiverCarrierOils:flax,sesame

SecurityEssentialOils:angelica,birch,cajeput,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,coriander,cypress,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,geranium,juniper,marjoram,oakmoss,oregano,pepper,spearmint,spruce,tarragonCarrierOils:eveningprimrose,hazelnut,olive,pecan,pomegranateSelfEssentialOils:amyris,birch,cajeput,celery,clarysage,cypress,geranium,jasmine,litsea,orange,peppermint,pine,rose,tarragonCarrierOils:camellia,grape,sunflower

Sex/SexualityEssentialOils:anise,basil,cajeput,cananga,cardamom,carrot,catnip,chamomile,clarysage,clove(budoil),coriander,geranium,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,neroli,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,tagetes,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:flax,grape,olive,sesame

CelibacyEssentialOils:camphor,ginger

Sorrow(toease)EssentialOils:angelica,basil,bergamot,cypress,eucalyptus(bluegum),geranium,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrrh,myrtle,opopanax,oregano,rose,sandalwood,tagetes,thymeCarrierOils:borage,rosehip,sunflower

SpiritsEssentialOils:anise,birch,catnip,cedarwood,dill,fennel,jasmine,juniper,lemonbalm,lemongrass,mugwort,valerianCarrierOils:almond,olive,sesame

CommunicatewithSpiritsEssentialOils:bergamot,cananga,eucalyptus,frankincense,lavender,lavandin,lemon,myrrh,neroli,opopanax,orange,patchouli,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,yarrow,ylang-ylangForestSpiritsEssentialOils:fir,oakmoss,pine,spruce

SpiritGuidesEssentialOils:labdanum,lemon,mugwort,sage,sandalwoodSpirituality

EssentialOils:allspice,angelica,bay,cananga,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,cumin,elemi,fir,frankincense,galbanum,geranium,grapefruit,helichrysum,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,mandarin,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,pine,rose,sage,sandalwood,spearmint,spruce,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:borage,camellia,olive,rosehip,sunflowerStabilityEssentialOils:angelica(rootoil),birch,cajeput,cedarwood,fir,galangal,geranium,ginger,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lovage,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,spikenard,spruce,storax,turmeric,valerian,vetiverStimulationEssentialOils:angelica,anise,basil,cassia,cinnamon,clove,coriander,fennel,galangal,ginger,jasmine,lemon,lime,nutmeg,orange,palmarosa,pepper,peppermint,pine,sage,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,thyme,yarrowCarrierOils:jojoba,sesame

StrengthEssentialOils:allspice,amyris,angelica,basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,cajeput,camphor,cardamom,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,cinnamon,citronella,clove,cypress,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir(silver),frankincense,galangal,geranium,grapefruit,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lime,litsea,mandarin,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,neroli,niaouli,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,palmarosa,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rose,sage,sandalwood,spearmint,spruce,teatree,thyme,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:borage,flax,hazelnut,jojoba,rosehip,sunflowerSuccessEssentialOils:allspice(berryoil),angelica,basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,lime,litsea,mandarin,myrrh,opopanax,orange,patchouli,pepper,sandalwood,staranise,tagetes,yarrowCarrierOils:avocado,jojoba,olive

Transformation(toseek,manifest)EssentialOils:amyris,cajeput,cypress,fir,frankincense,juniper,myrrh,opopanax,pine,tagetesCarrierOils:flax,grape

TrustEssentialOils:basil,bay,labdanum,lemongrass,petitgrain,pine,spearmint,spruce,teatreeCarrierOils:borage,rosehip

TruthEssentialOils:clarysage,clove,cypress,labdanum,neroli,oregano,pine,sage,valerianCarrierOils:eveningprimrose,sesame

Vitality(tomaintain)EssentialOils:benzoin,cedarwood,citronella,elemi,fir(balsam),frankincense,galbanum,ginger,labdanum,lemongrass,lime,myrrh,opopanax,rosemary,storax,valerianCarrierOils:olive,sesame

IncreaseVitalityEssentialOils:basil,catnip,clarysage,hyssop,lemonbalm,marjoram,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,sage,spearmintWealth(toacquire,keep)

EssentialOils:basil,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,dill,galangal,ginger,jasmine,myrrh,nutmeg,opopanax,patchouli,pine,sage,tagetesCarrierOils:almond,avocado,camellia,olive,pomegranateWell-beingEssentialOils:anise,bergamot,birch,caraway,coriander,eucalyptus,galangal,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lime,mandarin,marjoram,myrrh,neroli,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sandalwood,spikenard,thyme,turmeric,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,eveningprimrose,olive,sunflowerWisdomEssentialOils:bay,benzoin,birch,clarysage,cypress,dill,geranium,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,spruceCarrierOils:hazelnut,rosehip,sunflower

[contents]

AppendixB

Cross-ReferencebytheElementsTheElementsAirEssentialoils:allspice(leafoil),anise,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,camphor,cananga,caraway,catnip,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,citronella,clarysage,clove,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,

frankincense,galbanum,grapefruit,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,lavandin,lavender,lemonbalm,lemongrass,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,neroli,niaouli,nutmeg,opopanax,oregano,palmarosa,parsley,patchouli,

peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,

spearmint,staranise,tagetes,

tarragon,thyme,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:almond,borage,

hazelnut,pecanEarthEssentialoils:allspice,amyris,angelica(rootoil),

bergamot,cajeput,camphor,cananga,cardamom,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,cypress,eucalyptus,fir,galangal,ginger,hops,jasmine,juniper,lovage(rootoil),mugwort,

niaouli,oakmoss,patchouli,petitgrain,pine,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,spikenard,spruce,

storax,teatree,turmeric,valerian,vetiver,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:avocado,pomegranateFire

Essentialoils:allspice,angelica(seedoil),anise,basil,bay,

bergamot,cajeput,caraway,cardamom,carrot,cedarwood,

celery,citronella,clove,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel,fir,frankincense,galangal,ginger,hyssop,juniper,lime,lovage,mandarin,neroli,

nutmeg,orange,oregano,parsley,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,savory,storax,tagetes,tarragon,turmeric,vetiverCarrieroils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,evening

primrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,

sesame,sunflowerWaterEssentialoils:allspice(berryoil),benzoin,

bergamot,birch,camphor,cananga,cardamom,catnip,cedarwood,

celery,chamomile,cypress,eucalyptus,frankincense,galbanum,geranium,grapefruit,hops,jasmine,juniper,labdanum,lemon,lemonbalm,lime,litsea,mandarin,

mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,oakmoss,opopanax,orange,palmarosa,pepper,rose,sandalwood,

spearmint,spikenard,spruce,staranise,storax,tarragon,thyme,

valerian,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:apricot,avocado,

camellia,cranberry,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,olive,rosehip

AppendixC

Cross-ReferencebyZodiacSignsZodiacSigns

AquariusEssentialoils:anise,benzoin,cypress,frankincense,galbanum,hops,lavandin,lavender,lemon,myrrh,opopanax,parsley,patchouli,peppermint,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,staraniseCarrieroils:almond,olive

AriesEssentialoils:allspice,angelica,basil,cardamom,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,clove,coriander,cumin,fennel,fir,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,juniper,marjoram,neroli,oregano,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,tarragon,thymeCarrieroil:oliveCancerEssentialoils:camphor,cardamom,catnip,chamomile,dill,eucalyptus,geranium,hyssop,jasmine,lemon,lemonbalm,mugwort,myrrh,opopanax,palmarosa,pine,rose,sandalwood,spruce,tagetes,yarrowCarrieroil:rosehipCapricornEssentialoils:birch,cassia,cinnamon,cypress,jasmine,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,patchouli,pine,spruce,vetiverGeminiEssentialoils:anise,bay,benzoin,bergamot,caraway,dill,fennel,lavandin,lavender,lemon,lemongrass,marjoram,mugwort,oregano,parsley,peppermint,spearmint,thyme,yarrowCarrieroils:almond,borage,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranateLeoEssentialoils:angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,cassia,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,dill,frankincense,ginger,juniper,lavandin,lavender,lime,neroli,nutmeg,orange,petitgrain,rosemary,sandalwood,tagetesCarrieroils:borage,hazelnut,olive,sunflowerLibraEssentialoils:catnip,galbanum,marjoram,mugwort,oregano,parsley,rose,spearmint,thyme,vetiverCarrieroils:avocado,hazelnut,rosehipPiscesEssentialoils:anise,bay,camphor,cananga,cardamom,catnip,clove,cypress,eucalyptus,jasmine,lavandin,lavender,lemon,lovage,myrrh,nutmeg,opopanax,palmarosa,pine,sage,sandalwood,staranise,ylang-ylangCarrieroil:borageSagittariusEssentialoils:anise,birch,cedarwood,clove,frankincense,ginger,hyssop,juniper,mugwort,myrtle,nutmeg,orange,rose,rosemary,sage,staraniseCarrieroils:borage,rosehipScorpioEssentialoils:allspice,basil,benzoin,clove,cumin,dill,galangal,galbanum,ginger,hops,myrrh,opopanax,patchouli,pine,valerianCarrieroils:pomegranateTaurus

Essentialoils:benzoin,cananga,cardamom,cedarwood,cypress,lovage,mugwort,oakmoss,patchouli,rose,sage,thyme,vetiver,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:apricot,rosehipVirgoEssentialoils:bergamot,cypress,dill,fennel,lavandin,lavender,marjoram,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,rosemary,sandalwood,savory,valerianCarrieroils:almond,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate[contents]

AppendixD

Cross-ReferencebyPlanets/SolarSystemPlanets/SolarSystem

JupiterEssentialoils:anise,birch,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,clove,fir,helichrysum,hyssop,lemonbalm,myrrh,nutmeg,oakmoss,opopanax,pine,sage,staranise,vetiverCarrieroils:almond,borage,jojoba,oliveMarsEssentialoils:allspice,anise,basil,benzoin,carrot,clove,coriander,cumin,fir,galangal,geranium,ginger,hops,juniper,opopanax,oregano,patchouli,pepper,pine,snakeroot,tarragon,turmericCarrieroils:cranberryMercuryEssentialoils:anise,benzoin,cananga,caraway,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,dill,elemi,eucalyptus,fennel,jasmine,juniper,lavandin,lavender,lemongrass,lime,marjoram,mugwort,niaouli,oakmoss,oregano,parsley,peppermint,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,spikenard,staranise,storax,valerian,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:almond,flax,hazelnut,olive,pecan,pomegranateTheMoonEssentialoils:amyris,birch,camphor,cananga,celery,eucalyptus,frankincense,ginger,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,myrrh,nutmeg,oakmoss,opopanax,rosemary,sandalwood,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:camellia,grape,oliveNeptuneEssentialoil:helichrysumCarrieroil:apricotPlutoEssentialoils:basil,cypress,labdanum,myrrh,opopanax,parsleySaturnEssentialoils:bergamot,cajeput,cypress,eucalyptus,fir,myrrh,opopanax,patchouli,pine,spikenard,vetiverTheSunEssentialoils:angelica,bay,benzoin,bergamot,birch,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clove,eucalyptus,frankincense,galangal,grapefruit,juniper,lemongrass,lime,lovage,mandarin,myrrh,neroli,opopanax,orange,petitgrain,rosemary,storax,tagetesCarrieroils:almond,apricot,hazelnut,olive,sesame,sunflowerUranusEssentialoils:elemi,fir,neroliVenusEssentialoils:amyris,basil,benzoin,birch,cananga,cardamom,catnip,citronella,clarysage,coriander,cumin,fennel,galbanum,geranium,labdanum,lemongrass,lovage,mugwort,myrtle,palmarosa,peppermint,rose,sandalwood,spearmint,spikenard,thyme,valerian,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-

ylangCarrieroils:apricot,avocado,camellia,eveningprimrose,rosehip[contents]

AppendixE

Cross-ReferencebySabbatsSabbats

BeltaneEssentialOils:angelica,birch,cedarwood,fir,juniper,pine,tagetesCarrierOil:almondImbolcEssentialOils:angelica,basil,cedarwoodCarrierOil:sesameLithaEssentialOils:bay,chamomile,galangal,lavandin,lavenderLughnasadh/LammasEssentialOils:myrtle,sunflowerMabonEssentialOils:cedarwood,myrtle,sage,tagetesCarrierOils:grape,hazelnut,rosehip,sesameOstaraEssentialOils:birch,roseCarrierOil:rosehipSamhainEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,catnip,cypress,galbanum,marjoram,mugwort,oakmoss,parsley,patchouli,rosemary,sage,tagetesCarrierOil:flax,pomegranate

YuleEssentialOils:birch,cedarwood,chamomile,fir,frankincense,juniper,myrrh,opopanax,pine,rosemary,sage[contents]

Glossary

abortifacient:Capableofinducingtheabortionofafetus.absolute:Ahighlyconcentratedviscousliquid,solid,orsemi-solidperfumeproductdistilledfromaconcrete.

annual:Aplantthatcompletesitslifecycleinoneyear.aromaticextract:Productsobtainedbysolventextractioncontainingbothvolatileandnon-volatilecomponents.

axil:Theareaofaplantbetweenastemorbranchandaleafstem.balsam:Anaturallyoccurringmixtureofresinandaromaticsubstances,whichareusuallyacids.

balsamic:Astrongscent,usuallyfromanaromaticresin,thatisoftendescribedassweet,earthy,andrich.

basalleaves:Leavesthatgrowatthebaseofanuprightstemandaredifferentfromtheothersthatgrowonthestem.

biennial:Aplantthatcompletesitslifecycleintwoyears.camphoraceous:Apungent,sharpscentresemblingcamphor.carcinogenic:Asubstancethatpromotescancerorcancerousgrowths.carrieroil:Anoilinwhichessentialoilsarediluted.catkin:Athick,droopingclusteroftinyflowers.chemotype:Variationsinaplantspeciesduetoclimateandlocation.CO2extraction:Anextractionmethod,alsocalledsuper-criticalCO2extraction,thatusesliquidcarbondioxidetoobtainaromaticmaterialfromplants.

cold-pressed:Amechanicalmethodofoilextractioninwhichnoexternalheatisusedduringtheprocess.Itisalsoknownasexpression.

compoundleaf:Aleafcomprisedofsmallleafletsalongastem.

concrete:Ahighlyconcentratedsolidorsemi-solidwaxyperfumeproduct.Itisusedtomakeanabsolute.

coniferous:Awoody,usuallyevergreen,plantthatreproducesthroughseed-bearingcones.

decoction:Apreparationmadebyboilingplantmaterialandreducingittoaconcentration.

deciduous:Atreeorwoodyplantthatdropsitsleavesaspartofanannualcycle.diffuser:Adeviceusedtodispersefragranceintotheair.distillation:Amethodofextractionusingsteamorhotwatertoseparateessentialoilfromplantmaterial.

enfleurage:Atime-consumingandlabor-intensivemethodofextractingfloweressenceusingafattysubstancesuchastalloworlard.

essentialoil:Avolatile,aromaticliquidobtainedthroughtheprocessesofdistillationandexpression.

expression:Amethodofoilextraction,alsocalledcold-pressing,inwhichnoexternalheatisusedduringtheprocess.

exudate:Anaturalmaterialsecretedbyplants,whichcanbespontaneousoroccurafterdamagetotheplant.

fixative:Anoilthatslowstheevaporationofvolatileessentialoils.fixedoils:Oilsobtainedfromplantsthatarefattyandnon-volatile.florets:Tiny,individualflowersthatmakeupalargerflowerhead.floweressence:Aninfusionofflowersinwaterwhichisthenmixedina50%brandysolution.Thesearenotessentialoils.

flowerhead:Adense,compactclusteroftinyflowers.flowerwater:Abyproductofdistillationthatcontainsthewater-solublemoleculesofaromaticplants.Thesearealsocalledhydroflorates,hydrolats,andhydrosols.

fullers’earth:Aluminumsilicateusedtoremoveasmuchcoloraspossiblefromfood-gradevegetableoils.

gum:Agel-likeplantsecretionthatiswater-soluble.Thistermoftenusedinreferencetoresins,whicharenotwater-soluble.

gumresin:Anaturallyoccurringmixtureofgum,resin,andasmallamountofvolatileoil.

heartwood:Thecentermostwoodinatreetrunk.herbaceous:Anherbalscent,sometimescalleda“green”fragrance.hydro-diffusion:Adistillationmethodofessential-oilextractioninwhichsteamisforcedintothevesselfromaboveratherthanbelowtheplantmaterial.

hydrosol:Awaterbyproductofdistillationthatcontainsthewater-solublemoleculesofaromaticplants.Thesearealsocalledhydroflorates,hydrolats,andfloralwaters.

infusion:Amildlyaromaticproductcreatedbysteepingplantmaterialinwateroroil.Thisisalsoknownasmaceration.

kernel:Theinnerandsofterpartofaseed,nut,orfruitstone.Incerealplants,itisenclosedwithinahusk.

lipophilic:Apropertyofessentialoilsthatmeanstheyarereadilyabsorbedbyfattyoilsandwaxes.Thispropertyallowsessentialoilstobedispersedincarrieroils.

oleogumresin:Anaturallyoccurringmixtureofgum,resin,andvolatileoil.oleoresin:Anaturallyoccurringmixtureofresinandvolatileoil.partiallyrefinedoil:Anoilthathasbeenputthroughprocessesthatoftenincludebleaching,deodorizing,andwinterizationtogiveitalongershelflife.

perennial:Aplantwithalifecycleofmorethantwoyears.photosensitivity:Aneffect,suchasarashordarkpigmentationofskinexposedtosunlight,thatoccurswithinafewdaysaftertheuseofsomeessentialoils.

pomade:Aperfumedfatobtainedduringtheenfleurageextractionmethod.refinedoil:Anoil,usuallyfood-grade,producedtohavenoodorandverylittletonocolor.

resin:Asolidorsemi-soldsecretionfromtreesthatisnotwater-soluble.resinabsolute:Anabsolutecreatedfromresinbyafurtherextractionprocessusingalcohol.

resinoid:Asubstancecreatedbysolventextractionofresins,gums,balsams,oleogumresins,oroleoresins.Itcanbeaviscousliquid,asolid,orsemi-solid.

rhizome:Astemthatgrowsunderground.rosette:Adescriptionofleavesthatgrowcloselytogetherinacircleorspiralpattern.

sensitization:Unlikeirritation,theskinbecomesincreasinglyreactiveorhypersensitive.

sepal:Theoutermostpartofaflowerthatisusuallygreenandfunctionstoprotecttheyoungbud.

solventextraction:Aprocessthatuseschemicalstoobtainessentialoilfromplantmaterial.

strewingherbs:ItwasacommonpracticeinEuropetoscattercertainherbsonfloorstofreshentheair,actaspestcontrol,andmakeiteasiertosweepawaythedetritusofeverydayliving.

strobile:Afemalecatkin.synergy:Aharmonythatresultswhentheeffectofacombinationisgreaterthanthesumofallitparts.

tincture:Aplantextractpreparedinanalcoholbase.toothedleaf:Aleafwithserratededges.umbel:Adescriptionofanumbrella-likeflowerheadstructure.unrefinedoil:Anoilthathasnotbeenputthroughvariouschemicalprocessestoremovecolor,odor,andothernaturalproperties.

virginoil:Obtainedfromthefirstpressingofplantmaterial.volatile:Asubstance,suchasanessentialoil,thatisunstableandevaporatesrapidly.

waterdistillation:Amethodofextractioninwhichplantmaterialiscompletelyimmersedinhotwater.

whorl:Acircularorspiralgrowthpatternofleaves,needles,orflowerpetals.

[contents]

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[contents]

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mixing essential oils for magic: aromatic alchemy for personal blends

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