mixing of rye grass (lolium multiflorum)
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Zohaib Hasan
2012-ag-3604
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND RANGEMANAGEMENT
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
FAISALABAD
Research Topic
MIXING OF RYE GRASS (Lolium multiflorum) WITH ANNUAL SOWN LEGUME COMMON VETCH
(Vicia sativa. L) FOR MAXIMIZING FRESH AND DRY MATTER YEILD THROUGH RCBD.
AT
National Agriculture Research Center (NARC)
Rangeland Research institute (RRI)
Introduction to Rye Grass (Lolium multiflorium)
Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses
Lolium is native to Europe, Asia and Africa.
Ryegrass should not be confused with rye,
which is a grain crop.
Species
Lolium hybridum
Lolium multiflorium
Lolium perenne
Uses of Rye Grass
contains some species which are used in both lawn and pastures
Used for grazing and hay making.
Ryegrass is also used in soil erosion control programme.
Introduction to Common Vetch (Vicia sativa)
nitrogen fixing leguminous plant in the family Fabaceae.
This hardy plant often grown as green manure or livestock fodder.
The fruit is a legume pod up to 6 or 7 centimeters long.
It contains 4-12 seeds.
Species
1. Vicia Cordata
2. Vicia nigra
3. Vicia sativa
Uses of Common Vetch
These are sown with different forage crops to improve the production and with different grasses as pasture and for grazing purposes
Vicia sativa. L have cylindrical root nodules of the intermediate type and are thus nitrogen fixing plants
Aims and Objectives
Aim and objective during this internship programme will be:
To determine the increase in growth and yield of Rye grass (Lolium mulltiflorium) by increment in Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa. L) legume.
Plot Dimension and design
The plot size is 2×3=6 m and distance from plot to plot is 1.5m for easy access and to avoid any type competition for nutrition. The experiment is laid out in RCBD with five treatments and three replications of each treatment.
Table No 1: Plot size 14m×36m; Path 1.5m each; Plot size 3.5m×6m (Date of sowing3/12/2015)
R1 R2 R3
T1 Rye grass 100% 8 LinesRye grass 75% 6 Lines
Common Vetch 25% 2 Lines
Rye grass 50% 4 Lines Common Vetch
50% 4 Lines
T2Rye grass 25% 2 Lines
Common Vetch 75% 6 linesCommon Vetch 100% 8 Lines Rye grass 100% 8 Lines
T3Rye grass 50% 4 Lines
Common Vetch 50% 4 Lines
Rye grass 25% 2 Lines
Common Vetch 75% 6 lines
Ryegrass 75% 6 Lines
Common Vetch 25% 2 Lines
T4Ryegrass 75% 6 Lines
Common Vetch 25% 2 LinesRye grass 100% 8 Lines
Rye grass 25% 2 Lines
Common Vetch 75% 6 Lines
T5 Common Vetch 100% 8 LinesRye grass 50% 4 Lines
Common Vetch 50% 4 LinesCommon Vetch 100% 8 Lines
Table No 2: Average rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and pan evaporation of experimental area for 2014-15
MonthRainfall
(mm)
Min Temp (
0C )
Max Temp
( 0C )Relative Humidity (%) Pan Evap.(mm)
Wind Speed
(Km/h)
October 12.59 16.6 29.5 78 2.96 37.3
November 18.57 6.8 23.6 71 1.86 28.6
December 2.22 4.0 19.5 70 1.31 25.7
January 7.09 2.29 23.0 69 1.42 32.4
February 77.15 5.79 18.1 74 1.70 40.0
March 284.43 9.66 21.0 76 2.29 38.5
April 12.96 13.57 27.8 66 4.17 49.9
May 76.93 18.05 32.45 63 5.43 67.15
Table No 3: Data collected on 12th Feb
R1 R2 R3
T1
Rye grass
100%
2 lines
2.2 inches
Nil
Rye grass
75% (6 lines)
2.12 inches
Common Vetch
25% (2 lines)
3.25 inches
10 leaves/Branch
6 branches/Plant
Rye grass
50% (4 lines)
2.15 inches
Common Vetch
50 % (4 lines)
3.3 inches
12 leaves/Branch
3 branches/Plant
T2
Rye grass
25% (2 lines)
3.15 inches
Common Vetch
75% (6 lines)
3.5 inches
13 leaves/Branch
11 branches/Plant
Common Vetch
100% (3 lines)
2.99 inches
17 leaves/Branches
7 branches/Plant
Rye grass
100%
8 lines
2.34 inches
Nil
T3
Rye grass
50% (4 lines)
3 inches
Common Vetch
50% (4 lines)
4 inches
12 leaves/Branch
2 branches/Plant
Rye grass
25% (2 lines)
Common Vetch
75% (6 lines)
3.28 inches
7 leaves/Branch
12 branches/Plant
Rye grass
75% (6 lines)
4.3 inches
Common Vetch
25% (2 lines)
14 leaves/Branch
13 branches/Plant
T4
Rye grass
75% (6 lines)
2.17 inches
Common Vetch
25% (2 lines)
2.6 inches
15 leaves/Branch
4 branches/Plant
Rye grass
100%
8 lines
2.23 inches
Nil
Rye grass
25% (2 lines)
3.15 inches
Common Vetch
75% (6 lines)
2.35 inches
13 leaves/Branches
2 branches/Plant
T5
Common Vetch
100%
8 lines
3.23 inches
22 leaves/Branch
5 branches/Plant
Rye grass
50% (4 lines)
2.34 inches
Common Vetch
50% (4 lines)
2.43 inches
7 leaves/Branches
5 branches/Plant
Common Vetch
100% (8 lines)
3.2 inches
19 leaves/Branch
5 branch/Plant
Table No 4: Data collected on 26th Feb
R1 R2 R3
T1
Rye grass
100%
8 lines
4.4 inches
Nil
Rye grass
75% (6 lines)
3.03 inches
Common Vetch
25% (2 lines)
4.75 inches
45 leaves/Branch
26 branches/Plant
Rye grass
50% (4 lines)
4.05 inches
Common Vetch
50 % (4 lines)
5.5 inches
50 leaves/Branch
13 branches/Plant
T2
Rye grass
25% (2 lines)
4.5 inches
Common Vetch
75% (6 lines)
4.5 inches
33 leaves/Branch
11 branches/Plant
Common Vetch
100% (3 lines)
4.88 inches
37 leaves/Branches
27 branches/Plant
Rye grass
100%
8 lines
4.25 inches
Nil
T3
Rye grass
50% (4 lines)
4.89 inches
Common Vetch
50% (4 lines)
7.08 inches
40 leaves/Branch
20 branches/Plant
Rye grass
25% (2 lines)
Common Vetch
75% (6 lines)
5.83 inches
37 leaves/Branch
22 branches/Plant
Rye grass
75% (6 lines)
3.83 inches
Common Vetch
25% (2 lines)
41 leaves/Branch
23 branches/Plant
T4
Rye grass
75% (6 lines)
5 inches
Common Vetch
25% (2 lines)
7.32 inches
35 leaves/Branch
24 branches/Plant
Rye grass
100%
8 lines
4.3 inches
Nil
Rye grass
25% (2 lines)
4.01 inches
Common Vetch
75% (6 lines)
5.08 inches
33 leaves/Branches
22 branches/Plant
T5
Common Vetch
100%
8 lines
4.66 inches
42 leaves/Branch
25 branches/Plant
Rye grass
50% (4 lines)
1.69 inches
Common Vetch
50% (4 lines)
2.09 inches
7 leaves/Branches
5 branches/Plant
Common Vetch
100% (8 lines)
5 inches
45 leaves/Branch
25 branch/Plant
Table No 5: Data collected on 11th March
R1 R2 R3
T1
Rye grass
100%
8 lines
5.5 inches
Nil
Rye grass
75% (6 lines)
5 inches
Common Vetch
25% (2 lines)
6.75 inches
45 leaves/Branch
26 branches/Plant
Rye grass
50% (4 lines)
5.25 inches
Common Vetch
50 % (4 lines)
7 inches
50 leaves/Branch
13 branches/Plant
T2
Rye grass
25% (2 lines)
6.5 inches
Common Vetch
75% (6 lines)
6.5 inches
33 leaves/Branch
11 branches/Plant
Common Vetch
100% (3 lines)
6.75 inches
37 leaves/Branches
27 branches/Plant
Rye grass
100%
8 lines
5.25 inches
Nil
T3
Rye grass
50% (4 lines)
6 inches
Common Vetch
50% (4 lines)
9.5 inches
40 leaves/Branch
20 branches/Plant
Rye grass
25% (2 lines)
Common Vetch
75% (6 lines)
7.83 inches
37 leaves/Branch
22 branches/Plant
Rye grass
75% (6 lines)
5.83 inches
Common Vetch
25% (2 lines)
41 leaves/Branch
23 branches/Plant
T4
Rye grass
75% (6 lines)
6 inches
Common Vetch
25% (2 lines)
9 inches
35 leaves/Branch
24 branches/Plant
Rye grass
100%
8 lines
5.3 inches
Nil
Rye grass
25% (2 lines)
612 inches
Common Vetch
75% (6 lines)
7.5 inches
33 leaves/Branches
22 branches/Plant
T5
Common Vetch
100%
8 lines
6.66 inches
42 leaves/Branch
25 branches/Plant
Rye grass
50% (4 lines)
5.34 inches
Common Vetch
50% (4 lines)
2.43 inches
37 leaves/Branches
25 branches/Plant
Common Vetch
100% (8 lines)
6.62 inches
45 leaves/Branch
25 branch/Plant
RESULTTable No 6: For Rye grass (Lolium multiflorium)
Sr. No Fresh wt. (kg) Dry wt. (kg)
1 22 12.9
2 29 11.6
3 21 10.29
4 19 8.17
5 20.1 16.05
6 26 12.48
7 27 10.26
8 25.5 10.2
9 25 11.75
10 22 12.32
11 24 9.84
12 25 13.5
Total= 286.7 139.36
Total Fresh weight= 286.7
Area = 14 m * 36 m = 504m2
Yield from 504m2 is =286.7kg /ha
Yield from 1m2 is = 286.7/504
Yield from 1ha = 286.7/504 *10000 =5688 Kg/ha
Yield in mounds =5688/40 =142.2 m/ha
Total Dry weight= 139.36
Yield from 504m2 is=139.36
Yield from 1ha = 139.36/504*10000=2765.04Kg/ha
Yield in mounds =69.12m/ha
Table No 7: For Common Vetch (Vicia sativa.L)
Sr. No Fresh wt. (kg) Dry wt. (kg)
1 36 11.88
2 39 15.6
3 37 18.5
4 34 20.4
5 38 20.9
6 35 20.75
7 31 12.09
8 29 14.21
9 37 12.95
10 30 9
11 34 12.58
12 38 15.2
Total= 418 179.06
Total Fresh weight= 418
Area =14 m * 36m=504m2
Yield from 504m2 is =418 kg /ha
Yield from 1m2 is = 418/504
Yield from 1ha = 418/504 *10000 =8293.65Kg/ha
Yield in mounds =207m/ha
Total Dry weight= 179.06
Yield from 504m2 is=179.06
Yield from 1ha =179.06/504*10000=3553.37Kg/ha
Yield in mounds =88.83m/ha
Nursery Practices
Shifting of plants
Preparation of Nursery bed
Placement of tubes in beds
Weeding
Preparation & Plantation of cuttings
Shifting of plants
At theday1st in nursery of (RRI) we were assigned to shift MPTS plants (2000) from green house to the open beds of the nursery of RRI (NARC).
The purpose of assigning this work to our group is to provide technical knowledge about; how to shift the tubed plants from green house to open beds without damaging the tubes and plant.
Preparation of Nursery beds
We learned how to prepare nursery bed. Nursery Incharge gives us instruction about plot dimensions, size and leveling the nursery beds.
And also teach us the demerits of unleveled nursery beds.
Removal of Polythene bags
Levelling of beds
After removal of polythene bags we properly cleaned the beds and then levelled this by using spade and khurpa.
Placement of tubes in beds.
Proper filling of polythene bags (tubes) is the most important measure for a good nursery.
Bag is continuously tapped on ground during filling to maintain the accurate filling with mixture.
After that it makes easy to place the tubes in the beds.
Weeding
The plant which grows out of its proper place is considered as weed
Weeds must be removed from the planted experimental area for reducing the competition for moisture, essential nutrients growth space and sunlight.
Preparation & Plantation of cuttings
Cuttings should be of rill thickness and 9cm long having 4-5 buds.
While we planting it in a tube we must note that 3-4 buds should be in the soil so that rate of sprouting is more than 90%
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