model-driven engineering: a practical experiencecrinfo.univ-paris1.fr/2014-02-28 mdd at cri.pdf ·...

Model-driven engineering: a practical experience

Oscar Pastor, Sergio España, Marcela Ruiz Centro de Investigación ProS Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación Universitat Politècnica de València

Talk @ CRI February 28, 2014

Fundamentals of model-‐driven development for informa3on

systems

This material is the result of the joint effort of Sergio España, Arturo González, Óscar Pastor and Marcela Ruiz

Model-driven development

REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING

SW SYSTEM ANALYSIS

SW SYSTEM DESIGN

IMPLEMENTATION

COMPUTATION INDEPENDENT MODEL

CODE MODEL

PLATFORM SPECIFIC MODEL

PLATFORM INDEPENDENT MODEL

Model-driven architecture -‐ A

ACTION LEV

INPUT MODEL

OUTPUT MODEL

TRANSFOR-MATION RULES

SOURCE METAMODEL

TARGET METAMODEL

LANGUAGE USED

LANGUAGEUSED

SOURCE LANGUAGE

TARGET LANGUAGE

TRANSFOR-MATION

Añadir otra traspa con transformaciones modelo a texto Mejorar los colores de esta para hacerla más atrac3va

Model-driven development Model-to-model transformations

Graphical Modeling Framework (GMF) HyperSenses and ANGIE from DELTA Software Technology Innovator from MID GmbH Integranova from CARE Technologies LEONARDI MagicDraw from No Magic Inc ManyDesigns Portofino MetaEdit+ from MetaCase objectiF from microTOOL openArchitectureWare OptimalJ from Compuware Rhapsody from IBM RISE Editor from RISE to Bloome Software SCADE Suite from Esterel Technologies Sculpture Platform from Modelingsoft Select Architect from Select Business Solutions Simulink from MathWorks Together Architect from Borland TOPCASED Uniface from Compuware

AADL from Carnegie-Mellon Software Engineering Institute Acceleo an open source code generator from Obeo Actifsource Apollo for Eclipse from Gentleware AndroMDA an open source MDA tool ArcStyler from Interactive Objects Software GmbH Artisan Studio from Artisan Software Tools ASCET from ETAS AtomWeaver from Isomeris CoCoViLa from Tallinn University of Technology EnterpriseCoreObjects by CapableObjects.com Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) Enterprise Architect from Sparx Systems GenerateXY from DotXY Generic Eclipse Modeling System (GEMS) GeneXus

Model-driven development Tool support

Think of artefacts that can be engineered... Model-driven development

§  An automa3c teller machine (ATM) §  A spaceship §  A building §  A dam §  A bicycle §  An informa3on system §  A mul3media player soBware §  A conference website §  A mobile phone §  A nanorobot

Do all these artefacts need the same

requirements engineering approach?

Think of artefacts that can be engineered...

Source: MetaEdit+ by MetaCase

SW SYSTEM ANALYSIS

SW SYSTEM DESIGN

IMPLEMENTATION

CODE MODEL

ACTION LEV

Information systems

What is an information system?

ORGANISATIONAL SYSTEM

INFORMATION SYSTEM

DECISION SYSTEM

OPERATIONAL SYSTEM

method

technology

method

Business process modelling and requirements specifica3on

SW SYSTEM ANALYSIS

SW SYSTEM DESIGN

IMPLEMENTATION

CODE MODEL

ACTION LEV

REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

REQUIREMENTS MODELLING

REQUIREMENTS VERIFICATION

REQUIREMENTS VALIDATION

REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION

REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT

REQUIREMENTS MODEL ANALYSIS

REQUIREMENTS MODEL VERIFICATION

REQUIREMENTS MODEL VALIDATION

REQUIREMENTS MODEL MANAGEMENT

CONCEPTUAL MODEL ANALYSIS

CONCEPTUAL MODELLING

CONCEPTUAL MODEL VERIFICATION

CONCEPTUAL MODEL VALIDATION

CONCEPTUAL MODEL ELICITATION

CONCEPTUAL MODEL MANAGEMENT

CONCEPTUAL MODEL ANALYSIS

CONCEPTUAL MODEL VERIFICATION

CONCEPTUAL MODEL VALIDATION

CONCEPTUAL MODEL ELICITATION

CONCEPTUAL MODEL MANAGEMENT

ORGANISATIONAL MODELLING

BUSINESS PROCESS MODELLING

STRUCTURAL MODELLING

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Communica3ve Event Templates

order=<order#+ client+ { prod+ quant+ price }>

Communica3ve Event Diagrams

Organisa3onal structure

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

Communication Analysis

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

OO-Method

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer Source: Gartner (2003)

PROJECT

MANAGEMENT QUALITY SPECIFI-‐ CATIONS

PROGRAM-‐MING

ACCEPTANCE TESTS

INITIAL & POST-‐START-‐UP

OTHER ACTIVITIES

CARE TECHNOLOGIES 1845 856 502 127 1193 15860 13703

PEER GROUP (AVG.) 37 174 18 13 40 50 69

… …

(FPs/day)

OO-Method

Pladorm-‐independent object-‐oriented conceptual modelling

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

OO-Method

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

OO-Method

¡  Defined by an extended Class Diagram. §  Classes ▪  Aeributes ▪  Precondi3ons and Services ▪  Integrity Constraints

§  Rela>onships between classes ▪  Associa3on ▪  Inheritance

§  Agents

Specification of the static view of the software system

OO-Method Object Model

OO-Method Object Model classes

OO-Method Object Model attributes

OO-Method Object Model services

OO-Method Object Model transactions

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

OO-Method

¡  It represents the soBware system behaviour ¡  It is defined by two diagrams:

§  State Transi3on Diagram (STD) ▪  It specifies the Object’s valid life ▪  It defines the available services in each state.

§  Object Interac3on Diagram (OID) ▪  It specifies valid Interac3on between objects such as Global Transac3ons and Opera3ons and Triggers.

Specification of the Dynamic view of the software system

OO-Method Dynamic Model

A service is activated when its condition is fulfilled

OO-Method Dynamic Model triggers

¡  Inter-‐Object Transac3ons/Opera3ons ¡  A Global Transac3on Involves different objects of the same class or

different classes

OO-Method Dynamic Model global transactions

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

OO-Method

¡  It defines the seman3cs related to state transi3ons ¡  It describes how the execu3on of events changes the value of class aeributes (valua3ons)

Specifies reaction of the software system

OO-Method Functional Model

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

OO-Method

¡  Abstract specifica3on of the user interface ¡  Independent of the target device ¡  View-‐oriented ¡  Language of paeerns organized in three layers

Specification of the user interface

OO-Method Presentation Model

Hierarchical ActionTree IU Service

UI Instance

UI Population

UI Master/Detail

Introduction

Defined Selection

Argument Grouping

SupplementaryInformation

Status Recovery

Order Criterium

Display Set

Filter

Dependency

Offered Actions

Navigation

Master UI

Details UIA uses B

Legend

17 Existing presentation patterns

OO-Method Presentation Model

REACTION MODELLING

INTERFACE MODELLING

Conceptual Model

Object Model

Dynamic Model

Presenta3on Model

Requirements Model

Func3onal Model = +

MODEL COMPILATION

Final applica3on

Interface layer

Business layer

Persistence layer

OO-Method

“An en3ty or collec3on of en33es may be said to be evolving if their value or fitness is increasing over 3me. Individually or collec3vely they are becoming more meaningful, more complete or more adapted to a changing environment.”

Terminology of ERCIM Working Group Software Evolution http://wiki.ercim.eu/wg/SoftwareEvolution/index.php/Main_Page

Mo3va3on

1) To be aligned with the requirements of its environment. 2) Innovate, reduce cost and regulate. 3) Implement strategies for con3nued progress.

55 J. Visser. (2012) Change is the constant. ERCIM news - Special theme: Evolving Software. 3. A. P. Sage, "Systems Engineering and Systems Management for Reengineering," Systems Software, 1995.

Mo3va3on

¡  Industrial mo3va3on §  An SME apprached us with the need to improve their business process management suite.

§  As part of a na3onal project we explored goal-‐driven evolu3on of conceptual models.

§  It is interes3ng to explore how to support the evolu3on of business process models.

§  Industry partners exposes their needs to support model evolu3on in reengineering environments.

56 Conceptual model evolution

Mo3va3on

¡  Understand the evolu3on process. ¡  Guidelines to facilitate the evolu3on process. ¡  Techniques to record and specify evolu3on.

§  Traceability support to link the old with the new. ¡  Technological support.

§  Par3al automa3sa3on. §  Support for report genera3on.

Challenges

EVOLUTION PROCESS TO-‐BE MODELS

AS-‐IS MODELS

AS-‐IS SYSTEM

TO-‐BE SYSTEM

CONCEPTUAL METAMODEL

Main goal

To design a method that involves model-‐driven analysis of conceptual

model evolu3on

Main goal

TRACEABILITY –BASED SUPPORT

DELTA-‐BASED ANALYSIS AMONG

CONCEPTUAL MODELS

PATTERN-‐BASED SUPPORT FOR

ORGANISATIONAL EVOLUTION

GOAL-‐DRIVEN MODEL EVOLUTION

MIGRATION AND SYSTEM

INTEROPERABILITY

Main goal

Delta models

*d(M1, M2)M1 M2

LEGEND

=CHANGED

TRANSITION

DELTA MODE

*d(M1, M2)M1 M2

LEGEND

=CHANGED

TRANSITION

DELTA MODE

Delta models

operator: DELTA_OPERATOR

TRACEABILITY

equalchanged

<<enumerator>>DELTA_OPERATORMODEL_ELEMENT

Metrics to measure delta models

MODEL M1 MODEL M2

GOAL MODEL

CONCEPTUAL MODEL

METAMODEL

d(M1,M2)

GOAL MODEL METAMODEL

DELTA MODEL METAMODEL

1. Specification of goals

2. Specification of delta models

3. Relation of goal and delta models

EVOLUTION PROCESS

LEGEND

METAMODEL

INSTANCE OF

ASSOCIATION RELATIONSHIP

d(a,b)DELTA MODELDelta (d) between models a and b

Ra3onale for evolu3on

PATTERN DEFINITION METAMODEL

EVOLUTION METAMODEL

ENGINEERING FO

EERING

EVOLUTION PROCESS

EVOLUTIONMODEL

PATTERN REPOSITORY

MODEL METAMODELREPOSITORY(ALSO A MODEL)

INSTANCE OF EXISTENCE OF ASSOCIATIONRELATIONSHIPS

PROCESS

TO-‐BE MODELS

AS-‐IS MODELS

AS-‐IS SYSTEM

TO-‐BE SYSTEM

ABSTRA

CTION LEVEL

Patern-‐based evolu3on

SALE 3 SUPPLIER

AUTHORISES THE ORDER

SALESMAN

SALE 3 SUPPLIER EVALUATES THE ORDER

SALESMAN

SALE 3.1ORDER

IS REJECTED

SALE 3.2ORDER

IS ACCEPTED+

SALE 2SALES MANAGER

ASSIGNS SUPPLIER

SALES MANAGER

SALE 5INSUR. DEPT. CLERK

SPECIFIES CLAUSES

INSUR. DEPT. CLERK

SALE 4TRANSPORT MNGR

ARRANGES LOGISTICS

TRANSP. ASSISTANT

SALE 2SALES MANAGER

ASSIGNS SUPPLIER

SALES MANAGER

SALE 5INSUR. DEPT. CLERK

SPECIFIES CLAUSES

INSUR. DEPT. CLERK

SALE 4TRANSPORT MNGR

ARRANGES LOGISTICS

TRANSP. ASSISTANT

AS-‐IS MODEL

DESCRIPTION: During the meeting held on 09/10/2012, we analysed that supplies do not always have enough stock.

APPLICATION1: PATTERN_APPLICATION

NAME: Exception in internal treatmentsCREATION_DATE: 01/12/2011PROBLEM_DESCRIPTION: A business activity that involves an authorization can demand an exceptional behaviour related to approvals or decision takingGOAL_DESCRIPTION: Offer possibility of rejections or alternative decisions.DISCOVERY_GUIDELINES: The analyst should ask the stakeholders the following questions. Is this business activity just a formal acknowledgement step, or is it a seal of approval? Can it occur that the decision is negative, that the approval is denied? In case the stakeholders keep dismissing such possibility, the analyst should insist. Then, it never has occurred that the decision maker communicated a rejection, right? And you consider impossible that this can ever happen in the future, right?...

P1: PATTERN

TO-‐BE MODEL

Patern-‐based evolu3on

TimeProcess migration framework

generator

generates

Practical applications BPMS migrations

Business process model v3 Business process

enginev3

Database v3

User interfacev3

communication over the network

Business process model v5Business process

enginev5

Database v5

Intermediate XML file to-v5

Intermediate XML schema to-v5

instance of

Extractor from v3

Loader to v5

Business process grammar v3

instance of

Database schema v3

Business process grammar v3

instance of

Database schema v5

conforms toconforms to

LEGEND

program (meta) model database interpreter / engine

input / output flows

other relationship (qualified)

Practical applications European project quality requirements

YOUR PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT

OUR WORK

YOUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT

OUR WORK DELTA

I hope DELTA is full of traces :) +

www.pros.upv.es

Oscar, Pastor, Sergio España, Marcela Ruiz {opastor, sergio.espana, lruiz}@pros.upv.es

model-driven engineering: a practical experiencecrinfo.univ-paris1.fr/2014-02-28 mdd at cri.pdf ·...

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