module 2 colds and flu module 2 colds and flu introduction · adapted from smith ap, 2012. because...
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INTRODUCTIONColds and flu are both classified as viral infections1a.
The Definition of a Virus
A virus is a small infectious organism – much smaller than a fungus or bacterium – that invades a living cell to reproduce (replicate)1b.
The Lifecycle of a Virus:
1. The virus enters a cell.
2. Once inside, it takes control.
3. The virus forces the cell to duplicate the virus.
4. The cell dies as it cannot return to its natural function.
5. This leads to the unpleasant symptoms we associate with a cold or the flu.
Module 2
Colds and Flu
Introduction
The Common Cold
How to Spot a Cold
How to Treat a Cold
Case study
The Flu
How to spot the Flu
How to Treat the Flu
Case study
Test your knowledge
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Contents 1
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Virus invading cell. Adapted from Porter RS (Ed.) Viral Infections: Overview of Viral Infections1b
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
THE COMMON COLD
The common cold is a viral infection of the membranes of the nose, sinuses and throat2a. It usually leaves the patient with unpleasant symptoms, but is not usually accompanied by a fever and the condition is self-limited and resolves itself when it has run its course3a.
The rhinovirus is most often the culprit when it comes to the common cold2b and it specifically infects the cells of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to symptoms such as a runny nose, coughing and a sore throat3b.
How does a head cold and its symptoms
come about?The pathophysiology of key head cold symptoms4,5,6,7,8
NASAL CONGESTIONDifficulty breathing and
possible occlusion of the ostia
SINUS PAINCaused by pressure changes in sinuses
HEADACHE
As a result of sinus pain
INFECTION WITH COLD VIRUS
Inflammatory mediators• Vasodilation/oedema• Swelling of the nasal venous tissue
Nasal congestion can lead to the feeling of a stuffy head4
Solution: Target your patients’ most bothersome cold symptoms for maximum benefit.
Lo
cal m
ediator
Lo
cal m
ediator
Sys
tem
ic mediator
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
TAKE PRECAUTIONS:Wash your hands after being in contact with a person with a runny nose/mild cough2d
Sym
pto
ms
app
ear
Mo
st c
on
tag
iou
s
Day 1
2
3
4
5
Day
Day
Day
Day
KEY SYMPTOMS OF A COLD
ITCHY / SORE THROAT
Itchy or sore throat2e
SNEEZING
Sneezing9b
LOW-GRADE FEVER
Occasional low-grade fever2e
NASAL DISCHARGE
Discharge from the nose may become thick and yellow or green as the cold progresses2e
FATIGUE
Mild fatigue9b
COUGH
Generally mild and can last up to 2 weeks3b
ACHING PAIN
Slight body aches or a mild headache9b
RUNNY OR CONGESTED NOSE
Runny or congested nose2e
Cold symptoms appear 1 – 3 days after exposure9a
A cold is most contagious 1 – 2 days after symptoms develop2c
HOW TO SPOT A COLD
of cold sufferers experienced head or nasal congestion, while 85% or more reported headache or sinus pressure1090%
Over
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
Cold Symptoms Affect How Patients
Feel Mentally
34% reduction in mental alertness amongst cold sufferers vs. healthy individuals12a
A larger reduction means a greater negative impact on the individual.
Cold present for at least 24 hours but no longer than 96 hours.
N=189.
Adapted from Smith AP, 2012.
Because antibiotics do not affect the course of a viral infection11, the cold symptoms are usually treated2f.
HOW TO TREAT A COLD
Alertness of subject with and without a cold
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m b
asel
ine
in
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tnes
s sc
ore
(%
)
5
-5
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-10
-15
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
Inability to think clearly is one of the most important impairments12c
Top 5 functional impairments in order of importance
Patients were asked to rate the importance of selected cold symptoms on a 5-point scale with the descriptors “Not”, “Somewhat”, and “Very” aligned with the numbers 1, 3 and 5.
Top 5 out of 10 functional impairments in order of importance.
N=230 people with a common cold. Adapted from Barrett B, et al. 2009.
4,28%Diminished
Personal Life
4,26%Failure to
Complete Tasks
4,47%Can't Think
Clearly
4,35%Difficulty Breathing
4,59%Lack of Sleep
90% of sufferers reported a negative influence on clear thinking12b
Top 5 functional impairments in order of frequency
Top 5 out of 10 functional impairments in order of frequency.
N=230 people with a common cold. Adapted from Barrett B, et al. 2009.
An increase in symptom severity was significantly associated with a decrease in alertness12
95,7%Difficulty Breathing
90,0%Can't Think
Clearly
88,7%Diminished
Personal Life
91,3%Lack of Sleep
90,0%Failure to
Complete Tasks
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
Ask the following questions
• How long have the symptoms lasted for?
• Where is she experiencing facial pain?
• Does she have toothache?
• Does she have a fever?
• Does she have a cough?
• Does she have discoloured nasal discharge?
• Is she experiencing a feeling of fatigue?
• Does she have a post nasal drip?
• Anna has come to the pharmacy to ask for advice
• She tells you that her nose is blocked and that she is experiencing some facial pain
• She also cannot smell anything and her head is aching
• She’s also feeling tired and is having trouble focusing on her tasks
• What can she take that will make her feel better, but won’t make her sleepy as she has to mark test papers at home?
Anna says that the symptoms started for the first time 48 hours before she came to your pharmacy. She is feeling fatigued and a bit shivery and she says her face aches underneath her eyes, but she does not have discoloured discharge or a post- nasal drip.
Diagnosis:
You establish that it’s a cold that has likely lead to mild sinusitis, but it’s not a severe case as she doesn’t have discoloured nasal discharge. It’s also an acute case as it only recently started and she doesn’t have a post-nasal drip.
CASE STUDYAnna, 39, Primary School Teacher
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
Dosage• Adults & children over 12 years:
2 tablets every 4 – 6 hours. Do not exceed 8 tablets in 24 hours.
• Children 6 – 12 years: A half to 1 tablet every 6 hours. Do not exceed 4 tablets in 24 hours.
• Children under 6 years: Not recommended.
Dosage• Adults & children over 12 years:
One spray into each nostril 2 – 3 times per day, as required. Do not exceed 3 sprays per day. Do not use for more than three days.
Dosage• Adults & children over 12 years:
1 tablet every 4 – 6 hours. If symptoms do not respond to 1 tablet, a second may be taken. Do not use for more than three days.
• Children under 12 years: Not recommended.
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
Sinutab® Sinus Pain Non-DrowsySymptomatic relief of:
• Nasal congestion
• Pressure
• Headache
Sinutab® 3-WaySymptomatic relief of:
• Nasal congestion
• Pressure
• Headache
• Inflammation
Sinutab® Nasal SpraySymptomatic relief of:
• Nasal congestion caused by colds, hay fever, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis
2
3
1
Treatment Since Anna needs to stay awake, the best products to recommend would be Sinutab® Sinus Pain Non-Drowsy and / or Sinutab® 3-Way as both have a non-drowsy formula.
If the congestion is severe and a hindrance to her, she can use the Sinutab® Nasal Spray to alleviate this. Daytime solution: Non-Drowsy
Daytime solution: Non-Drowsy
2
1
3
1. Remove the plastic cap from the nozzle.
2. On first use, press the plunger downwards and release until a single spray is delivered.
3. Hold the bottle upright and place nozzle into one nostril. Depress the plunger and at the same time breathe in through your nose. Release the plunger and remove nozzle from the nostril. Repeat this procedure for the other nostril.
4. To keep clean, wipe the nozzle and replace the plastic cap after use.
HOW TO USE NASAL SPRAY
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
KEY SYMPTOMS OF INFLUENZA13d
BURNING SENSATION
Burning sensation in the chest
WARM, FLUSHED SKIN
Warm, flushed skin
SEVERE HEADACHES
Light sensitivity may occur
BODY ACHES & PAINS
Body aches and pains
FATIGUE AND WEAKNESS
Fatigue and weakness
CHILLS / CHILLY SENSATIONS
Usually the first symptom
DRY COUGH
Which may develop into a wet cough
RUNNY NOSE
Runny nose and watering eyes
SORE THROAT
Scratchy sore throat
FEVER
Fast onset of fever and up to 39°C
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
THE FLU
Flu is a viral infection of the lungs and airways caused by an influenza virus13a.
Symptoms tend to be more severe than those of a cold. They usually appear about 1 to 4 days after the patient has been exposed to the virus13b.
Flu becomes contagious 1 day before symptoms develop and can stay contagious for up to a week after the person becomes sick15.
Pneumonia is the most common complication of flu. This can present itself as a viral or bacterial infection13c. Key symptoms are a worsened cough, difficulty breathing, persistent fever, and blood in the sputum13d.
FAST FACT When it comes to the flu, the time from infection to illness, known as the incubation period, is about 2 days14a.
HOW TO SPOT THE FLU
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
How to avoid the Flu or reduce its severity
Getting a yearly flu shot is advised. It typically takes 2 weeks for the influenza vaccine to become effective13h, so it is essential for the patient to be extra vigilant and boost their immune system during this time. Here are some of the things that can be done to avoid getting sick:
The majority of people recover from fever and other symptoms in about 7 days without needing medical attention14b, though coughing, wheezing, weakness, sweating and fatigue may continue for days or weeks13f. At the pharmacy, treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and OTC remedies overlap with those used to treat symptoms of the common cold13g.
Wash your hands frequently18
It is recommended to wash your hands for 20 seconds at a time19, to make sure you get rid of any unwanted micro-organisms.
Avoid people who are coughing or sneezing
As with the cold, the flu virus can be transmitted through air or by touch13i.
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables
A balanced diet with lots of vitamins and minerals will boost the body’s immune system, making it easier to fight off viruses. Make sure you eat a good mixture of green, red and yellow vegetables and a variety of fruit to get the maximum benefit17a.
Do aerobic exercises
Any activity that gets your heart pumping helps increase the natural virus-killing cells in your body17b.
Drink plenty of warm drinks in the winter months20
This helps you stay hydrated, it soothes the throat and also washes it clear of potentially harmful intruders.
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
Diagnosis: The Difference between Colds and Flu16a,13e
It can be difficult to assist patients who aren’t feeling well and are not quite sure about all the facts regarding their condition. It is especially tricky since colds and flu share many of the same common symptoms.
The table below will help you to ask your patients exactly the right questions, so you can quickly distinguish between the two ailments, and offer an effective solution.
Symptom Cold Flu
Sore throat (often scratchy)
Cough (mild and short duration) (can last for weeks)
Headache (usually mild) (usually more severe)
Discomfort in the eyes
(watering eyes)(often light sensitivity
and painful eyes)
General malaise or tiredness
(watering eyes)(often accompanied
by weakness)
Sneezing/runny nose/blocked nose
(often one of the first
symptoms to appear)
General aches and pains in the body
(mild or not at all)
Fever (usually not)
Appears suddenly (appears gradually)(appears quickly
within hours)
HOW TO TREAT
THE FLU
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
Ask the following questions
• How long has he had the symptoms?
• Does he have a headache and how severe is it?
• Is he experiencing any sensitivity to light?
• Does he have a fever?
• Does he have a cough?
• Does he have any allergies?
• Does he have any other medical conditions?
• Is he short of breath?
• Is he experiencing pain in his chest or difficulty breathing?
• Has he experienced any dizziness or confusion?
• Is he on any other medication?
• Kagiso has come to your pharmacy to ask for advice
• He says that he has body aches and pains and that he is feeling very tired
• He also tells you that he has a runny nose and watering eyes
• He says that he has taken a sick day and will be going home to get some rest and that he would like to know which over-the-counter (OTC) product he can take to help him get better
Kagiso says that his symptoms started two days ago. He does not have a cough, but he is experiencing sensitivity to light. He might have a fever, since he is feeling hot and chilly. He does not have any allergies, does not have problems breathing and has not experienced any confusion or dizziness.
Diagnosis:
You have established that Kagiso has the flu without a cough. (A cough may still develop, but has not yet.)
He does not describe any warning signs that are a cause for concern.
CASE STUDYKagiso, 29, Banker
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
Dosage: Benylin® 4 Flu Tablets • Adults & children over 12 years:
2 tablets 4 times daily. Do not exceed 8 tablets within 24 hours.
• Children 6 – 12 years: 1 tablet 4 times daily. Do not exceed 4 tablets within 24 hours.
• Children under 6 years: Not recommended.
Dosage: Benylin® 4 Flu Liquid • Adults & children over 12 years:
20 ml 4 times daily.
Dosage• Adults & children over 12 years:
1 tablet every 4 – 6 hours. If symptoms do not respond to 1 tablet, a second may be taken. Do not exceed 6 tablets in 24 hours
1
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
Benylin® 4 Flu Tablets and LiquidSymptomatic relief of:
• Coughing
• Fever
• Headache
• Minor aches and pains
• Nasal congestion
Benylin® Daytime Flu TabletsSymptomatic relief of:
• Fever
• Headache
• Body aches and pains
• Nasal congestion
2
1
Note: Because this product contains Diphenhydramine HCl, Kagiso may experience drowsiness.
Kagiso has a choice between Benylin® 4 Flu Tablets and Benylin® 4 Flu Liquid if he does not like swallowing tablets.
Treatment Since Kagiso has a flu without a cough and can go home to rest and recover, his pharmacist can confidently recommend the following Benylin® product:
Daytime solution: Non-Drowsy
2
1
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
Your adult patients should seek further medical advice if they answer yes to any of the following questions21a,22:
• Are you experiencing shortness of breath or difficulty breathing?
• Do you have pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen?
• Have you felt suddenly dizzy?
• Are you confused?
• Have you been experiencing severe or ongoing vomiting?
• Have you had an improvement in symptoms followed by a return of the fever and a worse cough?
• Have you been coughing up blood?
• Have you recently been in hospital?
• Has your cough lasted for more than 3 weeks?
• Have you felt unwell with a prolonged fever?
• Do you have conditions such as chronic bronchitis, heart disease, diabetes or asthma?
Advise the customers to take their child to a doctor when the answer is yes to any of the following questions21b:
• Is he/she breathing rapidly or finding it difficult to breathe?
• Is his/her skin bluish or grey in colour?
• Is he/she not drinking enough fluids?
• Is he/she experiencing severe or ongoing vomiting?
• Is he/she not waking up/not interacting?
• Is he/she irritable or does he/she not want to be held?
• Has he/she experienced an improvement in symptoms, followed by a return of the fever and a worse cough?
URGENT ASSISTANCE!
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
4 When do flu symptoms appear?
a 1 to 4 days after the patient has been exposed to the virus
b 5 to 7 days after the patient becomes sick
c Within 12 hours of exposure
d Exactly 3 days after being exposed to the virus
5 Which OTC remedy would you recommend to a parent with a child aged between 6 and 12 years who is suffering from flu symptoms?
a Benylin® Daytime Flu Tablets
b Benylin® 4 Flu Tablets
c Sinutab® 3-Way
d Sinutab® Nasal Spray
6 What home care tips can you recommend to your patient to help speed up the recovery process?
a Rest at home
b Not sleep enough
c Drink too little
d Don't try and ease your temperature
7 Which of the following symptoms are key of a flu?
a Sore throat
b Headache
c Fever
d All of the above
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
1 Which of the following is not a key symptom of the common cold?
a Mild cough
b Runny nose
c Mild fatigue
d Skin rash
2 For which of the following cold symptoms can Sinutab® Sinus Pain Non-Drowsy be used?
a Nasal congestion
b Pressure
c Headache
d All of the above
3 Your patient has the flu with a cough, fever and a headache. Which one of the following products would you recommend?
a Benylin® Original
b Benylin® with Codeine
c Benylin® 4Flu Liquid
d Benylin® Bronchospect
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
You’ve reached the end of the module. You can test your knowledge right away while the info is fresh, or you can complete the full Class Test in one go once you reach the end of this Study Pack. See the back page of the booklet for more details on how to complete and submit your test.
Below are the questions from the Class Test that applies to the module you just finished. The full Class Test appears on the Fax Sheet included separately.
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Module 2 Colds and Flu
Product Portfolio
COLDS AND FLU
Sinutab® Nasal Spray
Sinutab® 3-Way
Sinutab® Sinus Pain Non-Drowsy
Sinutab® Saline Spray
Benylin® 4Flu Liquid
Benylin® 4Flu Tablets
Benylin® Daytime Flu Tablets
WHY CHOOSE SINUTAB®Sinutab® has a unique range specifically formulated to treat all types of upper respiratory congestion and allows you to breathe more freely.
WHY CHOOSE BENYLIN®The Benylin® range provides suitable product solutions for all cough and cold needs, for the whole family.
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
Congestion + Pain ReliefCongestion + Pain Relief + Inflammation
20s & 10s 20s & 10s
Non-Drowsy symptomatic relief of:
• Nasal congestion
• Pressure
• Headache
Non-Drowsy symptomatic relief of:
• Nasal congestion
• Pressure
• Pain and fever
• Inflammation
Ind
icat
ion
US
PA
ctiv
e In
gre
die
nts
Siz
e
AGE 6+ AGE 12+
COLD
Sinutab® Sinus Pain Non-Drowsy
Sinutab® 3-Way Non-Drowsy
Pseudoephedrine 30 mg*• Starts to work in 30 mins25
• Lasts up to 8 hours25
Ibuprofen 200 mg*• Starts to work within 1 hour23
• Lasts 6 – 8 hours23
Pseudoephedrine 30 mg*• Starts to work in 30 mins25
• Lasts up to 8 hours25
Paracetamol 500 mg*• Starts to work in 30 – 60 mins26
• Lasts 4 – 6 hours26
CLEARS YOUR HEAD FOR UP TO
6 HOURS23,24
COLD
Sinutab® Nasal Spray Sinutab® Saline Spray
AGE 12+ AGE ALL
Nasal Congestion Daily Nasal Hygiene
10 ml 15 ml
Fast (2 min) and long lasting (10 hours) relief from Nasal congestion caused by colds, allergic rhinitis, hay fever, sinusitis
Supports treatment of nasal decongestion
• Cleans & Moisturizes nasal passages
Xylometazoline hydrochloride 1 mg*
• Starts to work in 2 minutes26
• Lasts up to 10 hours27
Isotonic Saline Solution
26
27
* Each tablet contains * Each tablet contains * Per ml
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
AGE 12+
FLU
Benylin® 4Flu Liquid
For the relief of symptoms associated with the common cold, sinusitis, or flu, including nasal congestion, headache, fever, body aches and pain.
For the relief of symptoms associated with colds and flu; including coughing, fever, headache, minor aches and pains and nasal congestion.
For the relief of symptoms associated with colds and flu; including coughing, fever, headache, minor aches, and pains and nasal congestion.
20s 24s 100 ml & 200 ml
• 4 -way flu fighter: treats symptoms associated with coughing, fever, body pains and
congestion.
• Sugar free
• Alcohol free
Warning: Do not use continuously for colds
for more than 7 days or for fever for more
than 3 days unless directed by a doctor
• 4 -way flu fighter: treats symptoms associated with coughing, fever, body pains and
congestion.
• Sugar free
• Alcohol free
Warning: May cause drowsiness
Do not use for more than 10 days
• 4 -way flu fighter: treats symptoms associated with coughing, fever, body pains and
congestion.
• Sugar free
Warning: May cause drowsiness
Do not use for more than 10 days
Paracetamol 500 mg*
Diphenhydramine 12,5 mg*
Pseudoephedrine 22,5 mg*
Ibuprofen 200 mg*
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30 mg*
Paracetamol 1000 mg*
Diphenhydramine 25 mg*
Pseudoephedrine 45 mg*
Ind
icat
ion
US
PA
ctiv
e In
gre
die
nts
Siz
e
AGE 12+ AGE 6+
FLU
Benylin® Daytime Flu Tablets
Benylin® 4Flu Tablets
* Per tablet * Per 5 ml* Per tablet
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
TOP TIP: HOME CARERemind your patient that when he/she has a cold he/she can do the following to help speed up the recovery process:
2g,16b,28
INHALE STEAM
(from a vaporiser to loosen secretions)
DRINK LOTS OF FLUIDS
(with added electrolytes)
REST AT HOME
(if you have a fever or more severe
symptoms)
AVOID STRESSFUL SITUATIONS
(which can tire out your immune system)
EASE HIGH TEMPERATURES
(with OTC remedies such as ibuprofen
and paracetamol)
STAY WARM & COMFORTABLE
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
S2 SINUTAB® 3-Way. Each tablet contains: Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 30 mg, Ibuprofen 200 mg. Reg. No. 36/5.8/0207.
S2 Benylin® Four Flu Tablets. Each tablet contains Diphenhydramine HCI 12,5 mg; Paracetamol 500 mg; Pseudoephedrine HCI 22,5 mg. Reg. No. 33/5.8./0509.
S1 SINUTAB® Nasal Spray. Xylometazoline Hydrochloride 1 mg per ml (0,1 % w/v). Reg. No. P/16.1/184.
S2 Benylin® Daytime Flu Tablets. Each tablet contains Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 30 mg; Ibuprofen 200 mg. Reg. No. 36/5.8/0206.
S2 SINUTAB® Sinus Pain Non-Drowsy. Each tablet contains: Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 30 mg, Paracetamol 500 mg. Reg. No. 37/5.8/0138.
S2 Benylin® Four Flu Liquid. Each 20 ml contains Diphenhydramine HCI 25 mg; Paracetamol 1 000 mg; Pseudoephedrine HCI 45 mg. Reg. No. 33/5.8/0345.
Disclaimer: As per the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965, Section 22A(4) and (5), S1 and S2 product recommendations can only be made by a pharmacist, pharmacist intern or a pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist.
References 1. Porter RS (Ed). Viral Infections: Overview of Viral Infections. The Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Available at www.
merckmanuals.com/home/infections/viral-infections/overview-of-viral-infections. Accessed on 20 December 2017
2. Porter RS (Ed). Viral Infections: Common Cold. The Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Available at www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/viral-infections/common-cold. Accessed on 20 December 2017.
3. Porter RS (Ed). Respiratory Viruses: Common Cold. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Available at www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/respiratory-viruses/common-cold. Accessed on 20 December 2017.
4. Graf P, et al. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009;10:889-908.
5. Eccles R, et al. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26:889-899.
6. Eccles R. Am J Rhinol 2000;14:335-338.
7. Eccles R. Rhinology 2011;49:131-138.
8. Eccles and Weber (ed). Common Cold. Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases. 2009 Birkhäuser. Verlag Basel/Switzerland.
9. Mayo Clinic Patient Care & Health Info. Common Cold: Symptoms. Available at www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/basics/symptoms/con-20019062. Accessed on 20 December 2017.
10. Barrett B, et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2009;7(76).
11. Web MD Cold, Flu, & Cough Health Center. Coughs: Age 12 and Older. Available at www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/tc/coughs-topic-overview. Accessed on 20 December 2017.
12. Smith AP. Brain Behav Immun 2012;26:1072-1076.
13. Porter RS (Ed). Viral Infections: Influenza. The Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Available at www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/viral-infections/influenza-flu. Accessed on 20 December 2017.
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22. Morice AH et al. Thorax 2006;61(Suppl 1):i1−i24
23. Tucci J, Bandiera E, Darwiche R, Medos Z, Nashed R, Trinh D. Paracetamol and Ibuprofen for Paediatric Pain and Fever. Jnl Pharmacy Practice Research. 2009; 39(3):223-225.
24. www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/c/codeine.
25. http://www.drugs.com/monograph/pseudoephedrine.html.
26. R Eccles. M Eriksson. S Garreffa, Shirley C. CHen, 2018. The nasal decongestant effect of xylometazoline in the common cold. American Journal of Rhinology, Vol 22, No. 5, 2008, page 493.
27. R Eccles, K Martensson, Shirley C. Chen, 2010, Effects of intranasal xylometazoline, alone or in combination with ipratropium, in patients with common cold, Current Medical Research & Opinion, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2010, page 889-899.
28. Boots WebMD. Flu guide. Available at www.webmd.boots.com/cold-and-flu/flu-guide/five-days-of-flu. Accessed on 20 December 2017.
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