module 6 building mixed-income communities near transit
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Module
6BUILDING MIXED-INCOME BUILDING MIXED-INCOME COMMUNITIES NEAR COMMUNITIES NEAR TRANSITTRANSIT
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
IntroductionThis is one of seven Transit Oriented Development training modules developed by the Regional Plan Association, the Project for Public Spaces and Reconnecting America under contract to the New York State Department of Transportation in collaboration with the New York State Thruway Authority and MTA/Metro-North Railroad. The modules were presented and tested in one-day training sessions in two counties and two-day training sessions in eight municipalities, all in the lower Hudson Valley. Each module is, largely, the culmination of the versions used in the training sessions. The seven modules are as follow.
Module 1: Building Quality communities Around TransitModule 2: Changing Street Design to Support Liveable DevelopmentModule 3: Smart ParkingModule 4: Creating Great Places Around TransitModule 5: Regulations and Financing Tools for TODModule 6: Building Mixed Income Communities Around TransitModule 7: Station Area Planning
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Key Concepts and Key Concepts and Definitions Definitions
Mixed-Income CommunitiesMixed-Income Communities Goal is to provide housing for existing
residents and workers. Low- to moderate-income households
bear greatest transportation cost burdens.
Location-efficient mixed-income housing reduces Housing and Transportation costs
Provide housing for a variety of incomes and stabilize community.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Key Concepts and DefinitionsKey Concepts and DefinitionsHousing and Transportation Housing and Transportation
CostsCosts Transportation is the second-
highest household expense after housing.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Key Concepts and DefinitionsLocation Efficiency
Location is a major factor in transportation costs for households and businesses.
The key drivers of Location Efficiency in a municipal context are:
• Compact neighborhoods • Walkable streets• Access to transit• Mix of use and services
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Benefits of Mixed-Income Benefits of Mixed-Income TODTOD
Offers Truly Affordable Housing Incorporates a mix of uses Broadens Access to Opportunity Relieves Gentrification Pressures Provides for a diversity of people -
singles, families, retirees
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Benefits of Mixed-Income Benefits of Mixed-Income NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods
Allows families the ability to continue living in the same community by providing a mix of housing types.
Ensures community stability and sustainability.
Helps stabilize workforce.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Combined Benefits of Combined Benefits of Mixed-Income Communities Mixed-Income Communities
and TODand TOD Reduces total housing and
transportation costs. Demonstrates positive public
investment in community and transit.
Providing for a mix of all incomes is good but providing for a mix of incomes in walkable neighborhoods near transit is even better.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
ChallengesChallenges
The cost of land and housing production in location-efficient communities is high.
There is a lack of coordination among multiple stakeholders and sectors.
Market demand for housing near transit drives up costs.
Mixed-income and mixed-use projects require complex financing.
Public investment is often needed to provide a mix of incomes.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
4 Strategies to Create or 4 Strategies to Create or Preserve Mixed-Income Preserve Mixed-Income
CommunitiesCommunities1. Have proactive
Station Area Planning.
2. Provide incentives and ease or remove regulatory barriers.
3. Preserve existing housing stock.
4. Coordinate investments in location efficiency.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Strategy 1: Strategy 1: Proactively Plan for Station Proactively Plan for Station
AreasAreas• Bring all stakeholders
together.
• Plan for the area, the municipality and the transit region.
• Identify needs and opportunities.
• Set the long-term vision and implementation plan.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
What Goes Into a GoodWhat Goes Into a GoodStation Area Plan?Station Area Plan?
• Community Engagement and Vision
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan
• Public Investments in Roads, Parks, etc.
• Implementation and Financing Plan
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Strategy 2: Provide Incentives Strategy 2: Provide Incentives and Ease or Remove and Ease or Remove Regulatory BarriersRegulatory Barriers
• Retool zoning and financial incentives to meet goals.
• Allow for increased density to support local-serving retail.
• Encourage a mix of housing and other uses (Inclusionary Zoning).
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Inclusionary Zoning as a Inclusionary Zoning as a ToolTool
• Use market momentum to generate new mixed-income development.
• Expand housing options near transit with a mix of housing types, densities and income levels.
• Affordable levels need to be calibrated to local market.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Strategy 3: Strategy 3: Preserve of Existing Housing Preserve of Existing Housing
StockStock• More mixed-
income housing exists today than can be built tomorrow.
• Existing subsidy contracts have limited terms.
• Existing market affordability can be maintained.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Tools for Preservation of Tools for Preservation of Existing Housing StockExisting Housing Stock
Land/property acquisition funds
Housing Trust Funds
Retooled federal and state policies regarding the housing stock located near transit
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Land Bank/Land Acquisition Fund
• Preserves opportunities for mixed-income housing as land values rise.
• Can leverage market interest for mixed-income housing.
• New models led by non-profit with city investment.
Scaleybark Station, Charlotte
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Housing Trust Funds Housing Trust Funds
• Can be used for new construction or preservation.
• Are more flexible than Federal housing programs.
• Can be easily targeted to efficient locations.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Mixed-Income, Location Efficient Communities Are More Than
Housing
• Housing needs to be linked to jobs, shopping and community uses.
• Other public investments should support mixed-income communities. Bookmark Apartments, Portland,
OR
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Strategy 4: Coordinate Strategy 4: Coordinate Investments in Location Investments in Location
EfficiencyEfficiency• Focus public/private
investment in walkable neighborhoods near transit.
• Non-residential investments in development around transit create value that can be captured and reinvested in the community.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Strategy 4: Essential Strategy 4: Essential Attributes of (Local) Attributes of (Local) Location EfficiencyLocation Efficiency
• Mixed uses
• Mixed incomes
• Proximate access to multiple transportation modes
• Density
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Other Tools Housing +Transportation Affordability
Index An interactive tool that measures
the true affordability of housing based on location.
Users can find out housing and transportation costs in their region.
Database has more than 330 metro regions.
More information is available at www.htaindex.cnt.org.
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6 Building Mixed-Income Communities Near TransitBuilding Mixed-Income Communities Near Transit
Other ToolsOther ToolsMixed-Income TOD Action Mixed-Income TOD Action
GuideGuide A tool for local jurisdictions working
to foster mixed-income transit-oriented development (TOD) around planned transit stations.
Has invaluable data that describes the demographics and market-potential of the transit district of interest.
More information is at www.mitod.org.
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6QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?COMMENTS?COMMENTS?
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