module02 ct[1]new2010
Post on 05-Apr-2018
220 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
1/57
Module 2:Thinking Tools
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
2/57
Do You Agree with These Statements?
There are many students who are
educated but few who canthink out ofthe box. Pak Lah
We want the development of modal insan
(model citizen), students who canthinkcriticallyandcreatively, who are able tosolve problemsand have theability toadaptthemselves to an ever-changing
global environment.
- Blueprint for Education Development (2006 2010)
Why?
* During the launch of the National Education Blueprint 2006-2010 at the Putrajaya International Convention Centre 16/01-2007.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
3/57
How many faces can you see in the image?
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
4/57
Questions?
Look at this picture. What kind of questions can weask in relation to this picture?
Use your imagination
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
5/57
Questions?
Look at this picture. What kind of questions can weask in relation to this picture?
Use your imagination
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
6/57
But first, What is a Thinking Tool?
A Thinking Toolis an instrument that can help us inusing our minds systematically and effectively. With the use
of thinking tools, the intended ideas will be arranged moresystematically, clearly, and easy to be understood.
This module will explore four (4) types of thinking Tools:
Questioning
Concepts
Mindmaps
Cognitive Research Trust (CoRT)
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
7/57
Module 2: Thinking Tools
1. Questioning
4. Cognitive ResearchTrust (CoRT)
2. Concepts
3. Mindmaps
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
8/57
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
9/57
2.1 Questioning
Questioning is one approach to motivate others to:
Get information
Test understanding
Develop interestEvaluate the ability of individuals towards
understanding certain things.
A person who asks questionsis a person who thinks.
- William Wilen
Why
me?
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
10/57
2.1 Questioning (2)
Look at this picture. Lets construct questions
usingWhat, Who, Where, When, WhyandHow.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
11/57
2.1 Questioning - Five Ws and H
The Five Ws and H, is aninfluential, inspirational and
imaginative checklist (often used
by journalists) to generate:
Data-gathering questions,
during the early stages of
problem solving when you are
gathering data.
Idea-provoking questions (e.g.
whilst brainstorming).
Criteria for evaluating options.
What
WhoWhere
When
Why
How
5Ws
H
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
12/57
2.1 Questioning - Blooms Taxonomy
Knowledge
Interpretation
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Lower-level
Thinking
Higher-Level
Thinking
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
13/57
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
14/57
2.1 Questioning Interpretation
InterpretationSeek to select and organize factsand ideas, discovering the relationships betweenthem.
What is the main idea of
Retell in your on words what happened.
There are many students who are educated
but few who can think out of the box. Pak Lah
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
15/57
2.1 Questioning Application
ApplicationHelp ustake knowledge or conceptslearnt in one situation and apply them to othersituations.
How would you apply the principles of decision
making when seeking a job?
How do you apply this rule in your daily life?
YoureFired!
Really?
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
16/57
2.1 Questioning Analysis
Analysis- To separate the entire process intocomponent parts and understand the relation ofthese parts to the whole.
What are the parts or features of
What evidence can you present to support
Explain the reasons why you think
I was firedbecause Iwas1. Intelligent2. Hardworking
3. Proactive
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
17/57
2.1 Questioning Synthesis
Synthesis- to combine ideas and come to aconclusion.
What ideas can you add to
What might happen if you combine with ?What solution would you suggest for
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
18/57
2.1 Questioning Evaluation
Evaluation- to make informed judgments anddecisions by determining the reliability of things.
Do you agree with?
Why or why not?
What criteria would you use to assess
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
19/57
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
20/57
WHAT DOES CONCEPTUAL MEAN?
Well basically its about an idea(s), thought(s) or feeling(s).
Resolving or portraying them from your creative mind as
best as you can make it your concept. An idea is only
powerful unless it is expressed well and unless you wish to
express a message. Without meaning or feeling it is not a
concept. So just taking a snapshot photograph does not
make it a conceptual piece. Its when you put the concept to
it that it becomes something more. The photo alone shouldspeak for itself, even though it can sometimes be
ambiguous. Thats where you take that challenge to direct
the message in the path that you would like it to go.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
21/57
2.2 Concepts
Concepts - General ideas that we use to identify andorganize our experience.
Structure of Concepts:
1) Sign- word/symbol that names the concept
2) Referents- examples of the concept
3) Properties- qualities that all examples of the conceptshare in common.
Properties
ReferentsSign
Concepts
Words are the vocabulary of language;
Conceptsare the vocabulary of thought.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
22/57
2.2 Concepts: Example
Properties:Wheels, Engine, Seats, Dashboard
Sign:Automobile
Concept:Automobile
Referents:
LamborghiniProton Satria Neo
Aristotle oncesaid that anintelligent
person is a'master ofconcepts'.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.carbodydesign.com/concept-cars/2005-07-14-lamborghini-concept-s/Lamborghini%2520Concept%2520S%2520Sketch%25202.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.carbodydesign.com/concept-cars/2005-07-14-lamborghini-concept-s/2005-07-14-lamborghini-concept-s.php&h=501&w=800&sz=47&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=uro0nR3zKnK6pM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlamborghini%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLG,GGLG:2005-25,GGLG:en%26sa%3DX -
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
23/57
2.2 Forming Concepts
You form concepts by the interactive process of:
Generalizing- Focusing on thecommon properties shared by a
group of things.
Interpreting Findingexamples of the concept.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
24/57
2.2 Forming Concepts: Example
Study the following dialogue on the concept ofFriendship:
Amir Is 'friendship' what happens when two people meet and say hello?
Alfonso No, I think 'friendship' takes time to develop.
Amir Does 'friendship' occur after they have an interestingconversation?
Alfonso I think 'friendship' involves an amount of trust and loyalty, whichcan hardly be established after just one interesting conversation.
Amir So can I say that the relationship between my employee and I atwork as a 'friendship'.
Alfonso I think in a 'friendship', trust and loyalty is given willingly andunconditionally. It should touch on different aspects of people's
lives; and not just work.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
25/57
2.2 Forming Concepts: Example
By studying the dialogue, we can imply that in order to
determine which concept to apply to a situation, we have to:
Be aware of the properties that form the boundaries of the
concept.
Be sure that the experience meets the properties or
requirements.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
26/57
2.2 Applying Concepts
Applying conceptsmeans meeting the conceptsnecessary requirements. In determining exactlywhat the requirements of the concept are, ask:
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
27/57
2.2 Applying Concepts (2)
Using Concepts to Classify
When you apply a concept to an object, idea, orexperience, you are in effect classifying the object, idea, orexperience by placing it into the group of things defined by
the properties/requirements of the concept.
The way you classify reflects and influences the way yousee the world, the way you think about the world, and theway you behave in the world.
The specific categories you use depends on the purposesof your classification.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
28/57
2.2 Applying Concepts: Example
Some may attribute a girl'sBEAUTYto her fairskin, rosy cheeks and long silky hair. Others,however, may attribute beauty to the kindness of
her heart and considerate nature.
How do you classify the concept ofBEAUTY?
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mixedasians.com/celebrity/Sarah.Tan-01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mixedasians.com/celeb.php%3Fname%3DSarah.Tan%26num%3D2&h=227&w=147&sz=10&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=spEOP7d4TvxGKM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=70&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsarah%2Btan%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLG,GGLG:2005-25,GGLG:en -
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
29/57
2.2 Applying Concepts
Defining Concepts
Giving an effective definition of a concept means both:
Identifying the general qualitiesof the concept, which
determine when it can be correctly applied.
Using appropriate examplesto demonstrate actualapplications of the concept. That is, examples that embody
the general qualities of the concept.Role
Models?
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
30/57
2.2 Defining Concepts: Example
How would you define the word car?What are the properties of a car?
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
31/57
Tony Buzan
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
32/57
2.3 Mindmaps
A mindmapcan be defined as a visual presentationof the ways in which conceptscan be related toone another.
Its theUltimate
Learning Tool!
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
33/57
2.3 Mindmaps Why?
It Helps Youto:
Save timeas it uses only keywords (or concepts).
Understand better
Increase your ability to rememberby utilizing the sevenprinciples of Super Memory:
Visualization
Association
Making Things Outstanding
Imagination
Colour
Rhythm
Holism
The RockAgrees!
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
34/57
2.3 Mindmaps: When?
Mindmapsare useful for:
Note taking(listening)
Oral presentation(speaking)
Writing
YEAH!
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
35/57
2.3 Mindmaps: How?
Step 1:Draw the topic at the centre.Step 2:Add the Sub-Headings.
Step 3:For each Sub-Heading, Add the MainPoints and Supporting Details.
Step 4:Use your Imagination (pictures/images)to make it outstanding and memorable.
The Rock SaysYou Must Try!
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
36/57
2.3 Mindmaps: Example
The RockLikesBarryMapp!
Source: http://www.positivehealth.com/permit/Articles/Mind_Matters/mapp18b.jpg
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
37/57
Edward de Bono
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
38/57
CoRT Thinking Method
The essence of the CoRT (Cognitive ResearchTrust) Thinking Method is to focus attentiondirectly on different aspects of thinking and to
crystallize these aspects into definite concepts and
tools that can be used deliberately.It is designed to encourage students to broaden
their thinking.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
39/57
CoRT Thinking Tools
CAF: Consider All Factors
FIP: First Important Priorities
PMI: Plus, Minus, Interesting (ideas)
APC:Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices
OPV: Other People's Views
AGO:Aims, Goals, Objectives (purpose)
C&S: Consequence and Sequel
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
40/57
CAF: Consider All Factors
Used to look as widely as possible at all the factors
involved in a situation.
Steps involved:
List down all the factors.Consider each factor.
What is the appropriate decision to be made?
Example:a lot of woman nowadays love to smoking. You are appointed to draft a
advertisement to prevent woman from smoking. Please do a CAF to create that
advertisement.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
41/57
Principles:
Doing a CAF is useful
before choosing, deciding
or planning
It is better to consider all
the factors first and thenpick out the ones that
matter most.
If you you have to ask
someone else to tell youwhether you have left out
some important factors.
If you have left out an
important factor your
answer may seem right but
will later turn out to be
wrong.
If you do a CAF onsomeone elses thinking
you may be able to tell the
person what has been left
out.
FIP Fi I P i i i
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
42/57
FIP: First Important Priorities
Choosing from a number of different possibilities and
alternatives (e.g. putting priorities in order).
Steps involved:
What are the important matters involved?Which is the most important one to be considered?
Which one should be given priority?
Example:
Helping the flood victims in Johor.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
43/57
Principles:It is important to get as
many ideas as possible
first and then to start
picking out priorities.
Different people may havedifferent priorities in the
same situation.
You should know exactly
why you have chosensomething as a priority
If it is difficult to choose the
most important things, then
try looking at it from the
other direction: drop out the
least important and see
what you are left with.The ideas not chosen as
priorities must not be
ignored. They too are
considered- but after thepriorities.
PMI Pl Mi I t ti
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
44/57
PMI: Plus, Minus, Interesting
Examining an idea for good, bad or interesting points,
instead of immediate acceptance or rejection.
Steps involved:
List down all the plus points.List down all the minus points.
List down all the interesting points.
What is your decision after considering all the factors?
Example:In Malaysia about 51% population is female. Imagine one day we have a one
party politic special for female. Discuss PMI.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
45/57
The PMI is important
because without it you may
reject a valuable idea that
seems bad at first.
Without a PMI you are
unlikely to see thedisadvantages of an idea
that you like
The PMI can show that
ideas are not just good orbad but can also be
interesting they lead to
other ideas.
Without a PMI most
judgements are based not
on on the value of the idea
itself but on your emotions
at the time.
With a PMI you decidewhether or not you like the
idea after you have explore
it instead of before
APC Alt ti P ibiliti Ch i
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
46/57
APC: Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices
Generating new alternatives and choices, instead of
feeling confined to the obvious ones.
Steps involved
What are the other alternatives to overcome theproblem?
What are the implications incur if every step is taken?
What is the best solution?
Example
Today, we have to pay toll to use highway. Please do
APC how toll company can get paid without paying toll.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
47/57
Principles:If you cannot think of any
alternatives yourself, you
should ask someone else.
You go on looking for
alternatives until you findone that you really like.
There is almost always an
alternative, even if there
does not appear to be oneat first.
You cannot know that the
obvious explanation is the
best until you have looked
at some of the others.
To look for alternatives
when you are not satisfiedis easy but to look for them
when you are satisfied
requires a deliberate effort
OPV Oth P l ' Vi
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
48/57
OPV: Other People's Views
Moving out of ones own viewpoint to consider the points
of view of all others involved in any situation.
Steps involved
Will this idea influence others?
Others people opinion on this matter?
Is your idea relevant before actions are taken?
Example:A Girl decide to marry her ex-boy friend who are
married. Please do OPV
AGO Ai G l Obj ti
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
49/57
AGO: Aims, Goals, Objectives
Picking out and defining the objectives so as one is
clear about his own aims and understanding those ofothers (Purpose).
Steps involved:
What is the AGO of the plan?
Are the implementations out of The AGO?
How do I make sure that the AGO is achieved?
Example
You are asked to produce a TV show special forfarmer. Please do AGO
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
50/57
Remember:-You can do somethings out
of habit, because everyone
else is doing it, or as a
reaction to a situation.
These are called becausereasons. But there are also
times when you do
something in order to
achieve some purpose orobjective.
It can help your thinking if
you know exactly what you
are trying to achieve. It can
also help you to
understand other peoples
thinking if you can see theirobjectives.
C&S C d S l
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
51/57
C&S: Consequence and Sequel
Considering the immediate, short (e.g. 1 - 2 years),
medium (e.g. 2 - 5 year) and long term (e.g. over 5years) consequences.
Steps involved:
What are the long term effects?
What are the risks I have to face?
To what extent the new plan would bring changes?
Example:
The future of e-Learning at UNITAR.
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
52/57
Principles.
Other people may be able
to see the consequences of
your action more easily
than you can yourself.
It is important to knowwhether the consequences
are reversible or not.
consequences you should
consider.You should look at the
consequences not only as
they affect you but as they
affect other people as well.
The immediate
consequences and the long
term consequences may
be opposite; immediate
consequences may be
good and long termconsequences may be bad,
or the other way round.
You should do a full C&S
before deciding whichconsequences you should
consider.
Group ActivityThe Rock
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
53/57
Group Activity
Break into groups of 4-5, and then discuss:
How can UNITAR students help the floodvictims in Malaysia?
Choose one member of your group to take notes.
10 min Use one (or more) of the CoRT thinking tools
to come up with suggestions.
5 min Draw a mindmap of your group findings.
15 min Group presentation & discussion
LikesUNITAR.
Summary
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
54/57
Summary
1. Questioning Questioning is one approach to motivate others to get
information, test understanding, develop interest, and evaluatethe ability of individuals towards understanding certain things.
Tools include the 5 Ws and H, Blooms taxonomy, etc.
2. Concepts Concepts are general ideas that we use to identify andorganize our experience. Structure of Concepts: Sign,
Referents and Properties.
3. Mindmaps Helps you to save time as it uses only keywords (or concepts),understand better and Increase your ability to remember. It is
useful for: Note taking, Oral presentation and Writing.
4. CoRT CAF: Consider All Factors
FIP: First Important PrioritiesPMI: Plus, Minus, Interesting
APC: Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices
OPV: Other People's Views
AGO: Aims, Goals, Objectives
C&S: Consequence and Sequel
Any Questions?
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
55/57
Any Questions?
The End
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
56/57
The End
References
-
7/31/2019 Module02 Ct[1]New2010
57/57
References
Online Resources
Courseware
Module 1:http://cw.unitar.edu.my/ugb2013/c1/index.htm
Module 6:http://cw.unitar.edu.my/ugb2013/c6/index.htm
Mindmapping in 8 Easy Steps:http://www.thinksmart.com/mission/workout/mindm
apping_intro.html
http://cw.unitar.edu.my/ugb2013/c1/index.htmhttp://cw.unitar.edu.my/ugb2013/c6/index.htmhttp://www.thinksmart.com/mission/workout/mindmapping_intro.htmlhttp://www.thinksmart.com/mission/workout/mindmapping_intro.htmlhttp://www.thinksmart.com/mission/workout/mindmapping_intro.htmlhttp://www.thinksmart.com/mission/workout/mindmapping_intro.htmlhttp://cw.unitar.edu.my/ugb2013/c6/index.htmhttp://cw.unitar.edu.my/ugb2013/c1/index.htm
top related