mothods of objectiveexamination objectiveexamination pavel stodůlka
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MOTHODS OFMOTHODS OF
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
EXAMINATIONEXAMINATION
MOTHODS OFMOTHODS OF
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
EXAMINATIONEXAMINATION
Pavel StodůlkaPavel Stodůlka
1. REFRACTION:1. REFRACTION: skiascopy skiascopy autorefractometerautorefractometer
2. REFRACTION AND CORNEAL CURVATURE:2. REFRACTION AND CORNEAL CURVATURE: autoautokeratokeratorefractometerrefractometer
3. CORNEAL CURVATURE: 3. CORNEAL CURVATURE: corneal topographycorneal topography
EYEEYE
ANTERIOR SEGMENT:ANTERIOR SEGMENT:
conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber,
pupil, lenspupil, lens
POSTERIOR SEGMENT:POSTERIOR SEGMENT:
vitreous body, retinavitreous body, retina
FOCAL LIGHTINGFOCAL LIGHTING
overall state of the eyeoverall state of the eye
cornea - smoothness, brightness, cornea - smoothness, brightness,
transparencytransparency
colour disparities are more apparentcolour disparities are more apparent
BIOMICROSCOPYBIOMICROSCOPY
slit lampslit lamp
magnification up to 40xmagnification up to 40x
BIOMICROSCOPYBIOMICROSCOPY
cross-section through the eye mediacross-section through the eye media
transparencytransparency
thicknessthickness
affection in the corneal layersaffection in the corneal layers
Additonal devices ofthe slit lamp
Additonal devices ofthe slit lamp
blue cobalt filterblue cobalt filter
aplanative tonometeraplanative tonometer
BIOMICROSCOPYBIOMICROSCOPY
without lens – anterior segmentwithout lens – anterior segment (conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens)(conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens)
with lens – posterior segmentwith lens – posterior segment (vitrous body, retina)(vitrous body, retina)
use of investigative lens (contact or contactless)use of investigative lens (contact or contactless)
OPHTALMOSCOPYOPHTALMOSCOPY
examination of the examination of the
retina and vitreous bodyretina and vitreous body
OPHTALMOSCOPYOPHTALMOSCOPY
DIRECTDIRECT magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient,magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient,
real (uninverted) image of the fundusreal (uninverted) image of the fundus monocular monocular
INDIRECTINDIRECT magnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30Dmagnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30D
inverted image of the fundus inverted image of the fundus
binocularbinocular
DIRECTDIRECT
OPHTALMOSCOPEOPHTALMOSCOPE
INDIRECT OPHTALMOSCOPEINDIRECT OPHTALMOSCOPE
GONIOSCOPYGONIOSCOPY
assessment ofassessment of
the iridocorneal anglethe iridocorneal angle
GONIOSCOPYGONIOSCOPY
slit lampslit lamp
++
GoldmannGoldmann’s’s lens lens
MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
TONOMETRYTONOMETRY
21 torr21 torr
MEASUREMENT of theINTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT of theINTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
contactcontact
contactlesscontactless
CONTACT TONOMETRYCONTACT TONOMETRY
SCHIÖTZSCHIÖTZ’’S TONOMETERS TONOMETER
APLANATIVE TONOMETERAPLANATIVE TONOMETER
CONTACTLESS TONOMETRY
CONTACTLESS TONOMETRY
pneumotonometerpneumotonometer
EXOPHTALMOMETRYEXOPHTALMOMETRY
HertelHertel’’s exophtalmometers exophtalmometer
transparent rulertransparent ruler
EXOPHTALMOMETRYEXOPHTALMOMETRY
HertelHertel’’ssexophtalmometerexophtalmometer
exophtalmometryexophtalmometrywith the use of rulerwith the use of ruler
RED REFLEXASSESSMENTRED REFLEXASSESSMENT
mirror with a pin-holemirror with a pin-hole
retinoscoperetinoscope
oftalmoscopeoftalmoscope
slit lampslit lamp
Thanks for Your Thanks for Your
attentionattention
MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.
stodulkastodulka@zln.cz@zln.cz
www.LASIK.czwww.LASIK.cz
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