motivation

BY: RESHU

INTRODUCTION

• Motivation is a psychological feature that arouses an organism to act towards a desired goal and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal directed behaviors.

• A Psychological drive that compels or reinforces an action toward a desired goal

1. Push and Pull

HOLIDAY ?

BUT WHERE?

2. INCENTIVE THEORY• A reward, tangible or intangible, is

presented after the occurrence of an action(i.e. behavior) with the intention of causing the behavior to occur again.

3. REINFORCEMENT THEORY

• Proposed by B.F Skinner• It states that individual’s behavior is a function

of its consequences. • It is based on “law of effect”

4. MASLOW’S THEORY

5. GOAL SETTING THEORY

• Goal-setting theory is based on the notion that individuals sometimes have a drive to reach a clearly defined end state. Often, this end state is a reward in itself.

• A goal's efficiency is affected by three features ---proximity ----difficulty --------specificity.

6. HERZBERG 2 FACTOR THEORY• Motivators; (e.g. challenging work, recognition, responsibility) which give positive satisfaction.• Hygiene factors (e.g. status, job security, salary and fringe benefits) that

do not motivate if present, but, if absent, result in de motivation.