mrm bristol-flow visualisation-(2008)

“Visualisation; seeing the physical picture ”

BY

MALCOLM MACKLEY.

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

www.cheng.ac.uk/groups/polymer

mrm5@cam.ac.uk

Bristol 2008 Physics Department Colloquium

Leonardo de Vinci 1513

David Hockney 1972

Sir Charles Frank Andrew Keller

Flow Visualisation

Lightsource

TheDoubleJet

Charles FrankAndrew Keller& MRM Bristol 1970

Science Technology Art

MRM1970

The Six Roll MillMichael Berry &MRM Bristol 1976

Science Technology Art

Berry and MackleyBristol 1976

Berry and Mackley 1976

Sussex University

“Visualising Water Waves”

Graham Knott &MRMSussex 1978

Oscillatory Flow Mixing (OFM). Wave Energy devices

Graham Knott &MRMSussex 1978

Air turbine generates power

Graham Knott &MRMSussex 1978

Movie, Sussex-waves-Knott-(1978)

U tubeoscillator

Cambridge 1980

Oscillatory Flow Mixing (OFM). Science

Oscillatory Flow Mixing, (OFM).

Paul Stonestreet 1990

Oscillatory Flow Mixing (OFM). Technology

Science Technology Art

Tony Howes 1990

Movie, Osc-Flow-Sim-Tony-Howes-(1980s)

Lab Scale OFR

Paul Stonestreet, Adam Harvey 1999

Net Flow InNet FlowOut

Reaction Progressalong Reactor

NiTech Solutions 2007

Science Technology Art

Flexible chocolate (1990s)

“A visual flow”

Temperature

50 100 150 200

C0

H

Cold Extrusion

Melt Processing

Polyethylene

Temperature

10 20 30 40

C0

H

Cold Extrusion

Melt Processing

Chocolate

Extrusion processing

Visualising Polymer Flow

Bristol 1970 – 76

Sussex 1976- 79

Cambridge 1979 - Present

Many contributors includingRecently, David Hassell and TimLord

The Cambridge MultiPass Rheometer (MPR)

Rheology flow mode Cross-slot flow mode

Engineered by www.elandeng.co.uk

MPR4

David Hassell 2007

Movie MPR-Cross-Slot-David-Hassell-(2005)

Visualising the Flow of Carbon Nanotudes

Anson Ma 2005 onwards

Optical Observation of Untreated Multi-Walled CNT

The Linkam, Cambridge Shear System CSS

Flow

500 μm

0.03% CNT loadingLow viscosity epoxyLocal shear rate: 0.5s-1

Optical depth: 130 μm

Anson Ma 2007

Ma-CNT-Helical-band-(2005)

Gap Size Time = 0 s Time = 180 s Time = 600 s

55 μm

130 μm

180 μm

Helical Bands; schematic model

Parallel Plate Rheometer. UV cure Microstructure Studies

UV Light

Quartz Upper Plate

Stainless Steel Bottom Plate

CNT in photo-curable acrylic or epoxy

Ω: rotation speedr: radial positionh: plate separation

h

rr

)(

Rr 0r

Rr 0r

III. UntreatedMWNT

IV. TreatedMWNT

A “Zoo” of CNT Microstructure

I. UntreatedSWNT

0 s-1 1 s-1 10 s-1 100 s-1 1000 s-1

II. TreatedSWNT

All at 0.05 wt% conc

Untreated Multi-Walled CNT

0 s-1 1 s-1 10 s-1 100 s-1 1000 s-1

Helical Bands!!

Dense aggregatesDense aggregates

Treated Multi-Walled CNT

0 s-1 1 s-1 10 s-1 100 s-1 1000 s-1

Dense aggregatesAboriginal texture

Circumferentialalignment

Conclusion

I would like to thank the “Bristol Physics Department” and in particular the 1970s

academic staff for inspiring me, and indirectly my students.

Malcolm Mackley mrm5@cam.ac.uk