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Mrs Matilda Anim-Larbi (Ghana)

Factors influencing management of diarrhoea in children of selected Ghanaian market women

5TH

COMMONWEALTH

NURSING AND

MIDWIFERY

CONFERENCE

2020 YEAR OF THE NURSE AND

MIDWIFE: BREAKING BARRIERS,

LEAVING NO ONE BEHIND

FACTORS INFLUENCING MATERNAL

MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHOEA IN

CHILDREN OF A SELECTED MARKET

IN ACCRA, GHANA.

PRESENTED BY: MRS MATILDA ANIM-LARBI

RGN, BA NURSING AND PSYCHOLOGY, MPHIL

COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCEINCESSCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

– Introduction

– Problem statement

– Methodology

– Results

– Discussion

– Conclusion

– References

– Sponsorship

INTRODUCTION

– Diarrhoea is the passage of three or more loose or

watery stools in a day (WHO,2017). The depleting

body fluids during diarrhoea episodes causes

dehydration leading to child mortality. Globally,

diarrhoea diseases are the second main cause of

childhood mortality after pneumonia.

INTRODUCTION

– A significant number of diarrhoea cases are often

related to poor hygiene practices and inadequate

sanitation.

– This study sought to determine the factors that

influence the management practices of mothers for

children under five years with diarrhoea.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Research Setting

Target population

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Sample Size 𝑛=(𝑍²𝑃(1−𝑃))/𝑑²

Z = 1.96 at C.I of 95%

P = 20% (0.2).

d = 5% (0.05)

𝑛=(1.96²(0.2)(1−0.2))/0.05²≃246

Sampling

Tools for data collection

Procedure for data collection

Data Analysis

Ethical consideration

Validity

Reliability

RESULTS

Demographic Background

– Majority of the mothers in the study were between the ages of 20-29 years (53.4%).

– Mothers who had no education were 29.5% and 54.2% had basic education.

– Mothers who were Christians were 51.4%, and those with male children 52%.

– Most of the mothers in this study had children between the ages of 12 to 23 months

RESULTSTable 2: Perception of severity and susceptibility of diarrhoea disease

Factor Mean S.D MN. MX.

Severity perceptions

Children could die from diarrhoea 3.6 0.3 1 4

Diarrhoea causes dehydration, lethargy or reduced urine 3.7 0.4 1 4

Major health problem in this community 2.3 0.2 1 4

Diarrhoea is a problem for the poor only 2.2 0.2 1 4

Overall Severity Perception 3.0 0.81

Susceptibility perceptions

Do nothing when children get diarrhoea 1.3 0.3 1 4

Children under age five can naturally fight diarrhoea 1.3 0.3 1 3

Children under age five are too young to experience serious 1.4 0.3 1 3

medical problems from diarrhoea

I am not worried when my child under-five gets diarrhoea 1.3 0.3 1 4

Children are more likely to get diarrhoea than adults 3.4 0.2 1 4

Overall Susceptibility perception 1.33 0.05

S.D- standard deviation

MN- minimum mean value, MX- maximum mean value

RESULTSTable 6: Association between Management Practices and Perceptions about Diarrhoea

Severity and Susceptibility

Variables OR 95% confidence Interval P-Value

Lower Upper

Child Mortality (agreed)

2.872 1.256 6.569 0.012

Lethargy (agreed)

0.349 0.144 0.846 0.020

Immune to diarrhoea (agreed)

0.508 0.508 1.002 0.051

RESULTS

Table 5: Significant Factors that Determine Good Management Practices

Variables OR 95% Confidence Interval Sig.

Lower Upper

Gender of children

Females (Reference)

Males 5.319 2.506 11.287 < 0.001

Knowledge about ORS

Poor knowledge (Reference)

Good knowledge 40.704 10.685 155.068 < 0.001

Zinc information

No information (Reference)

Heard information 8.921 3.833 20.762 < 0.001

NB: Dependent variable is management practices

DISCUSSION

– Perception of mothers about diarrhoea severity and susceptibility (Greenland et al, 2016; Kundu et al, 2010).

– Poor knowledge of mothers in this study had about the general management of diarrhoea was found to be in agreement with other studies (Ogunrinde et al, 2011; Greenland et al, 2016)

– Factors such as demographic features, cues to action, mothers’ knowledge and threat perception predicted management practices of the mothers. The factors included (Pandey et al, 2002; Diouf et al , 2014).

CONCLUSION AND

RECOMENDATION

– Policies on gender equality should be strengthened and should involve children under age five years. This is because of a major finding of this study that mothers with male children were more likely to manage diarrhoeal diseases better as compared with mothers of female children.

– Ministry of Health and Ghana Health Service should enforce the principles underlying the rational use of medicines to ensure prescription of antibiotics only when needed.

– Ensure that in-service training within all facilities under Ghana Health service jurisdiction is offered on a regular basis.

REFERENCES

– World Health Organization (2017) Diarrhoeal diseases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease

– Greenland, K., Chipungu, J., Chilengi, R., & Curtis, V. (2016). Theory-based formative research on oral rehydration salts and zinc use in Lusaka, Zambia. BMC Public Health, 16, 1–14.

– Kundu, T. R., Prateepchaikul, L., & Sen-Ngam, K. (2010). Relationship between maternal perceptions and preventive behaviors regarding acute diarrhea of children in Bangladesh. http://tar.thailis.or.th/handle/123456789/929

– Ogunrinde, O. G., Raji, T., Owolabi, O. A., & Anigo, K. M. (2011). Knowledge, attitude and practice of home management of childhood diarrhoea among caregivers of under-five children with diarrhoeal disease in Northwestern Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 58(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmr048

REFERENCES

– Greenland, K., Chipungu, J., Chilengi, R., & Curtis, V. (2016). Theory-based formative research on oral rehydration salts and zinc use in Lusaka, Zambia. BMC Public Health, 16, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2984-2

– Pandey, A., Sengupta, P. G., Mondal, S. K., Gupta, D. N., Manna, B., Ghosh, S., … Bhattacharya, S. K. (2002). Gender differences in healthcare-seeking during common illnesses in a rural community of West Bengal, India. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 20(4), 306–11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12659410.

– Diouf, K., Tabatabai, P., Rudolph, J., & Marx, M. (2014). Diarrhoea prevalence in children under five years of age in rural Burundi: an assessment of social and behavioural factors at the household level. Global Health Action, 7, 24895. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.24895

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SPONSORSHIP

– Attendance to this conference was sponsored

by the Office of Research and Innovation

Department (ORID), University of Ghana,

Legon.