multicultural and feminist supervision in the 21st century
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Multicultural and Feminist Supervision in the 21st CenturyCindy M. Bruns, PhD and Carmen Cruz, PsyD
Who we are and our context as presenters and supervisors
Learning Objectives1) Participants will be able to identify and articulate
knowledge of at least one multicultural and one feminist model of supervision.
2) Participants will be able to identify several contextual or identity issues that may affect the supervisory relationship.
3) Participants will be able to apply at least one new supervisory skill in their individual supervision of interns.
CLOSE YOUR EYES (if comfortable)
Mindfulness exercise to dig deep into supervisor identity especially how it was informed for your own experiences as a supervisee.
Brainstorming Elements of “good” supervision
Honesty Trust Openness Quality relationship Dialogue Clear expectations Developmentally
appropriate Engagement in difficult
conversations
Teaching/Learning Respect for/valuing
difference Constructive and
supportive feedback Mentoring Feeling heard Others…
Brainstorming – Contextual/Identity issues that can shape supervision Gender Identity Age Race Ethnicity SES Political affiliation Health status Ability status Nation/Region or origin Education Religion/Spirituality Sexual orientation Body size/Appearance
Family of origin Generation of birth Values Biases Beliefs Prior learning/experiences Privilege Oppression Discrimination Marginalization Others…
Traditional 21st Century Supervision
Teaching Consultation Competency Based
Supervision Evidenced Based
Supervision Multicultural issues can
be a part of these but are not presented in integrated ways
Feminist principles are largely ignored or made invisible
Consistent Research Findings about Supervision 1. Power is rarely explored. Supervisors do not highlight
or discuss the power differential. 2. The relationship is paramount. 3. Most supervisees are anxious. Only about
approximately 10% have debilitating anxiety that affects their performance.
4. Many supervisors are uncomfortable providing difficult feedback.
#1 is SUPER important and relevant to this presentation.
Overlap of Feminist and Multicultural Supervision Models
What is Feminist Supervision? Definition of Feminist Supervision: A collaborative relationship that is characterized by mutual respect, genuine dialogue, attention to social contextual factors, and responsible action. It includes analysis of power, maintenance of appropriate boundaries, examination of the social construction of gender, attention to diversity, social activism, and self reflexivity (Porter & Vasquez, 1997).
Feminist Models of Supervision Examples of models include:
Judith Jordan (RCT model) Dawn Szymanski (Feminist Supervision Scale)
General principles: Analysis of gender Analysis of power Minimizing power differentials in supervision & therapy dyad Self-examination Diversity/Social Context issues Social justice/advocacy issues Last two are often through the lens of gender as it affects
other diversity/social justice issues
Feminist Supervision
Feminist supervision models promote a lens or a way of enacting the supervision process that is characterized by: Collaboration Transparency Developmental considerations Active discussions of power and diversity Active discussion of boundaries Focus on social justice and advocacy rather than “just
therapy”
What is Multicultural Supervision?
Multicultural supervision refers to supervisory situations in which
supervisors and trainees examine a variety of cultural issues pertinent to
effectively counseling diverse clients (Leong & Wagner, 1994).
Multicultural supervision may involve the development of cultural
awareness, exploration of the cultural dynamics of the counseling
supervisory relationship, and discussion of the cultural assumptions of
traditional counseling theories (Robinson, Bradley, & Hendricks, 2000).
~Excerpted from Ancis & Marshall, 2010
Multicultural Models of Supervision
Focused primarily on: Development of cultural awareness
Biases, assumptions, knowledge of cultures, critique of cultural assumptions in traditional approaches to psychology
Processing of cultural differences In supervision and in therapy
Delivery of culturally appropriate and relevant services
Multicultural Supervision Continued
Domains of MC supervision include (Ancis & Landry 2001): Personal Development (for supervisee and supervisor) Conceptualization of the impact of cultural forces, including
oppression and discrimination, on people Interventions – the flexible use of interventions so they are
contextually appropriate Process – the ability of have open and honest conversations
about power and diversity Evaluation – the mandate for supervisors to remediate
weaknesses in other areas
Multicultural Models of Supervision
Queer People of Color Resilience-Based Model (Signh & Chun, 2010)
Post-colonial Supervision (Hernandez & McDowell, 2010)
Multicultural Assessment Supervision (Allen, 2007)
The Intersection of Multicultural and Feminist Supervision
Putting it all together… Importance of Self-Examination (supervisor and
supervisee) Personal commitment to uncertainty and being
uncomfortable Decreasing isolation through decreasing silence Addressing power and privilege dynamics in ongoing way Deconstructing not just therapy, but supervision too Openness to complexity – of relationship and supervisee
development (nonlinear) Willingness to be human and vulnerable while also being
mentor and role model
Questions & Discussion
Discussion Questions How are, for you, feminist and multicultural supervision
the same or different? How do multicultural issues and feminism shape your
supervision practice? What are your reactions to feminist word and how are
you willing or not willing to use it? What are some sticky situations or dialogues you
encounter as you try to supervise from one or both approaches?
Who is a feminist or multiculturalist that you have as your mentor/someone you emulate?
How often, really, do you intentionally raise issues of social justice/multiculturalism in supervision? Why or why not?
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