muscular system. the horse has a large muscular system which allows movement of the horse, gives it...
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Muscular system
The horse has a large muscular system which
allows movement of the horse, gives it definitions as well as allowing posture like
standing by contracting both muscle groups at the same time.
3 Types of Muscles
• Smooth
• Cardiac
• Skeletal
Smooth muscle
Smooth Muscle
• Found in digestive, circulatory, and urogenital systems
• Sustained, rythmic contractions• Made up of spindle-shaped cells with a single
nucleus• Least specialized• Involuntary movement
Cardiac muscle
Cardiac Muscle
• Found only in the heart• Highly specialized• Rapid, rhythmical contraction and relaxation• Never tires, allowing heart to continually
pump blood• Involuntary movement
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal Muscle
• Most highly specialized• Used for movement and can contract quickly• Function: to provide powerful, rapid
contractions to allow locomotion• Attached to limbs of skeleton• Voluntary – controlled by brain and nervous
system
When considering the anatomy of a riding horse it is the voluntary muscles which are
significant. These are divided in to two groups - Flexor muscles which bend the joint and
extensor muscles which straighten the joint. When a horse is standing both muscles act simultaneously to stabilize the joint, thus
preventing either flexion or extension.
Rhomboideus
• This is a long triangular muscle • located at the top of the neck• Action - To draw the scapula upwards and
forwards
Splenius
• A triangular muscle• located on the side of the neck• Action- Acting alone, the splenius draws the
head and neck towards the side
Trapezius
• Situated on the side of the neck and withers.• It is a triangular muscle• Action - acting alone the trapezius pulls the
shoulder upwards and forwards.
Latissimus dorsi
• Located on along the back down to the chest• Acting alone helps move the front legs and
chest
Superficial Gluteus
• The most superficial muscle of the croup.• It is V-shaped• Action – move the thigh outward
Biceps femoris
• long, thick, muscle• extending from the superior part of the croup
to the stifle• Action- It flexes the tibia and with assistance
helps in the act of rearing
External Intercostal
• A series of thin, flat muscles between the ribs • Action - Move the ribs upward and forward
and assist in inspiration.
Posterior Deep Pectoral
• Broad flat muscle • Extends from under the abdomen • Action – to pull the scalpula in a backward
direction
Branchiocephalicus
• Long, thick muscle • located in the neck• Action - help move the neck
Masseter
• Thick square muscle • Located on the lower jaw • Action – brings the teeth of the lower jaw and
the teeth of the upper jaw together
Work Cited • http://www.eec-equine-therapy.com/Muscular-System.html
• http://www.irishhorsesociety.com/horsedata/muscles.htm• http://chestofbooks.com/animals/horses/Health-Disease-Treatment-2/Mu
scles-Of-The-Neck-Rhomboideus.html
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