mutation breeding - a new era of science

05/03/2023 1

MUTATIONBREEDING :a new era of scienceCOURSE CODE: 200COURSE NAME: SEMINAR & ORAL

Submitted by-rezwana khan nishatReg no – 2014431035Dept of GEB, SUST

05/03/2023 2

WHAT IS MUTATION? A mutation is a change in the amount,arrangement or structure of the DNA of an organism or changes in genetic material of an organism.

##why does mutation occur???........

05/03/2023 3

Reasons Behind Mutation

Chemically or by

physical agentsNaturally

e.g., replication

error

05/03/2023 4

Types of mutation

05/03/2023 5

Mutation Types

Spontaneous mutation&

Induced mutation

Point mutation&

Chromosomal mutation

Somatic mutation&

Germ cell mutation

05/03/2023 6

Effects of mutation…Changes in genetic constitution of an organism changes it for

good. It causes several abnormalities in organisms like plant or animal. It is a major reason behind genetical diseases.

Like huntington disease, cystic fibrosis, sickel cell anemia etc and even DEATH.

05/03/2023 7

Does mutation only cause diseases or death to us???.....

NO…We can use it to make

our life better

05/03/2023 8

Mutation BreedingThe ultimate use of mutation…

05/03/2023 9

What is mutation breeding? The breeding that is done artificially by induced

mutation is known as mutation breeding.

What is breeding?Breeding is when the animal/plant is specifically

chosen by humans to create a special offspring

This method is specially used in plant breeding for crop improvement

05/03/2023 10

Induced mutationA mutation that is produced by treatment with a

physical or chemical agent that affects the deoxyribonucleic acid molecules of a living

organism.

05/03/2023 11

MutagenThe chemical and physical agents are used for

induced mutation is known as mutagen

05/03/2023 12

There are two types of mutagen Chemical mutagen

1. Alkylatic agents: MNU, ENU, DMS, EMS etc.

2. Azide, nitrous acid, antibiotics, base analogues etc.

05/03/2023 13

And the other is…..Physical mutagen

1. X-rays, gamma rays2. Neutrons, beta particles, alpha

particacles etc.Note: in mutation breeding the

gamma radiation technique is done at ATOMIC GARDEN .

Fig: Atomic garden

05/03/2023 14

Mutation breeding method

05/03/2023 15

Mutagen treatement• These parts of a plant are used for mutagen treatement: seeds, pollen

grains, corns, bulb, vegtative propagules, complete plant.• Mutagens generally induce a high frequency of chromosomal changes

and meiotic and mitotic irregularities.• Mutagen Treatments

• reduces germination

• growth rate

• vigour &

• fertility

05/03/2023 16

ACIEVMENTS IN MUTATION BREEDING

Mutation destroys our life but modern science turns it into blessing. Followings are some prove of them.

vaccinated bananaScientists have developed a variety which can be use as vaccine for

hepatitis-B and cholera

05/03/2023 17

ACIEVMENTS IN MUTATION BREEDING

Purple tomatoesRecently purple colored tomato has been introduced which is rich in

antioxident

05/03/2023 18

ACIEVMENTS IN MUTATION BREEDING

Pollution plantThese plant can consume more than 90% of the pollutants in the air and

groundwater whereas normal plant only consume 3% to 4%

05/03/2023 19

ACIEVMENTS IN MUTATION BREEDINGin bangladesh

In Bangladesh more than 44 mutant varieties belonging to 12 different crops species have been released through mutation breeding. BINA in mymenshingh is the primary centre for mutation breeding.

05/03/2023 20Fig: a chart showing roles of mutation breeding in our life

05/03/2023 21

THE END….THANK YOU FOR YOUR

PATIENCE