nanotechnology what, how, why? umass science saturday, february 28, 2009

NanotechnologyWhat, How, Why?UMass Science Saturday, February 28, 2009

What: Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.

1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter= 1 x 10-9 m

nano.gov

How small are nanostructures?

Single Hair

Width = 0.1 mm

= 100 micrometers

= 100,000 nanometers !

Smaller still

Hair

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6,000 nanometersDNA

3 nanometers

100,000 nanometers

How: MakingNanostructures

Making Nanostructures: Nanomanufacturing

"Top down" versus "bottom up" methods

•Lithography•Deposition•Etching•Machining

•Chemical•Self-Assembly

Self Assembly

SELF ASSEMBLY with DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS

Block “A” Block “B”

10% A 30% A 50% A 70% A 90% A

~10 nm

Ordered Phases

PMMA PS

Phase separation...on the nanoscale

Self-AssembledNanoscale "Stencils" Deposition

Template

EtchingMask

NanoporousMembrane

Remove polymerblock within cylinders(expose and develop)

A self-assembling, nanoscale lithographic system

(physical orelectrochemical)

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"Synthesis and Characterization of Nearly Monodisperse CdE(E = S, Se, Te) Semiconductor Nanocrystallites," C. Murray, D. Norris, and M. Bawendi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 8706 (1993)

Quantum Dots by Chemical Synthesis

(reverse-micelle method)

Why: Applications

10 GB2001

20 GB2002

40 GB2004

80 GB2006

160 GB2007

Example: Data storage capacity of the iPod

Hard driveMagnetic data storage

Uses nanotechnology!Nanomagnets!

Magnetic Data StorageA computer hard drive stores your data magnetically

Disk

N S

direction of disk motion

“ Write”Head

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 _ _

“ Bits” ofinformation

NS

“ Read”Head

Signalcurrent

Solar Cells

Konarka

Benefit: Sun is an unlimited source of electronic energy.

Nanostructured Solar Cells

+

-

Sunlight

Voltage “load”

CurrentMore interface area - More power!

Targeted Cancer Therapy

Cancer Therapy

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tumor

gold nanoshells

Halas group, Rice Univ.

www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?article_id=218392390

targeted therapy: hyperthermic treatment

www.nano.gov/html/news/SpecialPapers/Cancer

Thank you!Thank you!

Mark Tuominentuominen@physics.umass.edu