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National Latin Exam
Study Guide
March 10, 2010
Name Latin Grade Period
labor omnia vincit
Table of Contents
Mythology 2-7
Numbers 8-9
History and Politics 10-11
Adjectives and Adjective Degrees 12-13
Conjunctions 13
Daily Life 14
Nouns and Case Usage 15-16
Adverbs and Adverb Degrees 16
Roman Places 17-18
Enclitics 19
Suffixes 19
Participles 19
Indirect Statement and Sequence of Tenses 19
Verbs: regular, irregular, infinitives, imperatives 20-21
Geography 22
Latin in Use: conversational, abbreviations, mottos 23-24
Pronouns 24-26
NLE Grading
Latin I Students
100 point NLE Review Packet
Responsible for all questions labeled “intro” and “Latin I” on this study guide
Use Latin for Americans units 1-7 as reference tool
Latin II Students
100 point NLE Review Packet
Responsible for all questions labeled “intro” and “Latin I” and “Latin II” on this study
Use Latin for Americans units 1-12 as reference tool
Latin III-IV Students
100 point NLE Review Packet
Responsible for all questions labeled “intro” and “Latin I” and “Latin II” on this study
Use Latin for Americans units 1-12 as reference tool
Mythology Picture Name(s) Attributes /Important stories/famous children Level
Jupiter
Jove
Zeus
Carries lightning bolt
Crown
On clouds/in sky
Ladies’ man (Io, Leto, Selene)
Stern
His bird is the eagle
King of gods and sky
Protects oaths and suppliants
Husband of Juno/Hera
Son of Cronos and Rhea
Famous mortal kids: Hercules, Helen, Theseus, Minos
intro
Apollo Intro
Juno
Hera
Intro
Minerva
Athena
Intro
Diana
Artemis
Intro
Vesta
Hestia
Intro
Pluto
Hades
Intro
Neptune
Poseidon
Intro
Venus
Aphrodite
Intro
Ceres
Demeter
Intro
Bacchus
Dionysus
Intro
Mercury
Hermes
Intro
Vulcan
Hephaestus
Intro
Mars
Ares
Intro
Romulus
and
Remus
Intro
Daphne Latin I
Arachne Latin I
Hercules Latin I
Aeneas Latin I
Medusa Latin I
Cyclops Polyphemus
Latin I
Achilles Latin I
Hector Latin I
Ulysses
Odysseus
Latin I
Helen of
Troy
Latin I
Trojan
War
Latin I
Medea Latin II
Jason Latin II
Perseus Latin II
Theseus Latin II
Daedalus Latin II
Minotaur Latin II
Chimera Latin II
Cerberus Latin II
Charon Latin II
Proserpina Latin II
Styx Latin II
Tantalus Latin II
Sisyphus Latin II
Numbers
Write the following cardinal numbers in Latin
1 unus intro
2 intro
3 intro
4 intro
5 intro
6 intro
7 intro
8 intro
9 intro
10 intro
11 Latin II
12 Latin II
13 Latin II
14 Latin II
15 Latin II
16 Latin II
17 Latin II
18 Latin II
19 Latin II
20 Latin II
100 Latin I
1000 Latin I
Write the following ordinals in Latin
First primus Latin II
Second Latin II
Third Latin II
Fourth Latin II
Fifth Latin II
Sixth Latin II
Seventh Latin II
Eighth Latin II
Ninth Latin II
Tenth Latin II
Write the following in Roman numerals
1 intro
5 intro
10 intro
50 intro
100 intro
500 Latin I
1000 Latin I
4 intro
6 intro
9 intro
11 intro
20 intro
78 intro
2008 Latin I
History and Politics Events and Time Periods
Event Date(s) Information Level
Monarchy Latin I
Republic Latin I
Empire Latin I
Punic Wars Latin II
Eruption of Vesuvius Latin II
Fall of the Roman Empire Latin II
Caesar’s Conquest of gaul Latin II
People
Name Approximate dates Importance Level
Romulus and Remus
Latin I
Tarquin the proud and
Brutus
Latin I
Horatius Latin I
Cincinnatus Latin I
Numa Latin I
Tullus Hostilius Latin I
Servius Tullius Latin I
Nero Latin II
Augustus Latin II
Gracchi Brothers Latin II
Hannibal Latin II
Julius Caesar and brutus Latin II
Constantine Latin II
Cleopatra Latin II
Brutus Latin II
Marc antony Latin II
Spartacus Latin II
Marius Latin II
Scipio Africanus Latin II
Pompey Latin II
Sulla Latin II
Terms
Term Function or Meaning Level
SPQR Intro
King Latin I
Consul Latin I
Emperor Latin I
Dictator Latin II
Quaestor Latin II
Aedile Latin II
Censor Latin II
Senate Latin II
Praetor Latin II
tribune Latin II
patrician Latin II
plebian Latin II
Adjectives (pages 499-501) 1st/2nd declension adjectives - intro
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative magnus magna magnum
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
3rd declension adjectives – Latin II
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative Acer acris acre
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives – Latin II
Positive (translation) Comparative (translation) Superlative (translation)
bonus (good) melior (better) optimus (best)
malus (bad)
magnus (big)
parvus (small)
multus (many)
Adjectives Comparative adjectives – Latin II
Add –ior (masc/fem nom) –ius (neut. nom), -ioris (gen. sing.) to adjective base & decline like 3rd declension
Masculine/Feminine Neuter
Nominative Altior altius
Genitive Altioris altioris
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Superlative Adjectives – Latin II
Add –issimus, issima, issimum to adjective stem and decline like 1st/2nd declension
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative altissimus altissima Altissimum
Genitive altissimi altissimae Altissimi
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Conjunctions
1. aut (Intro) 7. neque…neque (Latin I)
2. et (Intro) 8. postquam (Latin II)
3. quod (Intro) 9. quamquam (Latin II)
4. sed (Intro) 10. aut...aut (Latin II)
5. ubi (Intro) 11. nec…nec (Latin I)
6. neque (Latin I) 12. et…et (Latin I)
Daily Life
Identify these rooms
1. culina (intro)
2. cubiculum (intro)
3. atrium (intro)
4. hortus (intro)
5. trinclinium (intro)
6. tablinium (Latin I)
7. impluvium (Latin I)
8. taberna (Latin I)
9. peristylium (Latin I)
Identify these types of homes
1. villa (intro)
2. insula (Latin I)
3. domus (Latin II)
Identify these household members
1. mater (intro)
2. pater (intro)
3. filius (intro)
4. filia (intro)
5. soror (intro)
6. frater (intro)
7. servus (intro)
Identify these clothing items and who would wear them
1. tunic (intro)
2. stola (intro)
3. palla (intro)
4. toga (intro)
Identify these meals and what would typically be eaten at them
1. ientaculum (Latin I)
2. vesperna (Latin I)
3. cena (Latin I)
Nouns
Case Usage
Case
Used
Part of speech et cetera English example Level
Subject Intro
Direct Address Intro
Direct Object Intro
Indirect Object Intro
Prepositions: ad, ante, circum, in, per, post,
trans
N/A Intro
Prepositions: ab, cum, de, ex, in, sine, sub N/A Intro
Genitive Possession That is the rubber ducky of Ernie.
Intro
Predicates Intro
Prepositions: contra, prope, inter N/A Latin I
Means Latin I
Manner Latin I
Accompaniment Latin I
Extent of time and space Latin II
Prepositions ob and propter Latin II
Time Latin II
Agent Latin II
Ablative absolute Latin II
Declensions: the genitive singular form of the noun gives the declension of that noun. Give the
declension of the following
1. casus, casus 4. via, viae
2. servus, servi 5. dies, diei
3. lex, legis
Nouns
Paradigms
Nominative Via -intro Servus - intro Signum – intro Lex – Latin I Corpus – Latin II Casus – Latin II Dies – Latin II
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative
Adverbs
Regular adverbs
1. Intro – To form a positive adverb from a 1st/2nd declension adjective, add - to the adjective stem.
For example the adverbial form of clarus is (viz. clearly, brightly, famously).
2. Latin II – To form a positive adverb from a 3rd declension adjective, add - to the adjective base.
For example, the adverbial form of fortis is (viz. bravely).
3. Latin II – To form a comparative adverb e.g. “more clearly” you add - to the adjective base. The
comparative adverb of clarus is .
4. Latin II – To form a superlative adverb e.g. “most clearly” you add - to the adjective base.
For example the superlative adverb of clarus is .
Irregular adverbs
1. bene (intro) 6. quomodo (Latin I)
2. male (intro) 7. optime (Latin II)
3. cur (intro) 8. pessime (Latin II)
4. ubi (intro) 9. quando (Latin II)
5. quomodo (Latin I) 10. optime (Latin II)
Roman Places
Picture Place Function Associated Terms
Level
Forum
Rostra Intro
Circus Maximus
Hippodrome
Circus
Carceres
Spina
Mappa
Meta
Intro
“Those who are about to die salute you”
“Morituri te salutant”
Colosseum
Thracian
Retiarii
Gallic
Murmillo
Secutores
Bestiarii
Gladius
Trident
Pilum
Rudis
Spatha
Intro
Via Appia
Mile Marker Regina Viarum
Latin I
Curia SPQR Latin 1
Aqueduct Latin I
Seven Hills of Rome esp. Palantine
Latin I
Basilica Julia
Latin I
Thermae Balneae
Caldarium Tedidarium Frigidarium Apodyterium Strigilis
Latin I
Theater Theatron
Orchestra
Skene
Parodos
Latin II
Temple of Vesta
Vestal Virgins Sacred Fire
Latin II
Hadrian’s Wall
Latin II
Pantheon Latin II
Enclitics (suffixes)
1. –ne (Intro)
2. –que (Latin I)
3. –cum (Latin II)
Interrogatives
1. cur (Intro)
2. ubi (Intro)
3. quis (Intro)
4. quid (Intro)
5. num (Latin I)
6. nonne (Latin I)
7. quomodo (Latin II)
8. quando (Latin II)
Participles – Latin II Use specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus to give the nominative and genitive singular plus declension
Active Passive Present N/A Perfect N/A Future
Indirect Statement – Latin II In English, make these direct statements indirect
1. Caesar says, “I came, I saw, I conquered”. 2. Joel thought “burritos are tasty”.
3. Alexander felt “mimes are evil”.
In Latin, the subject of an indirect statement is in the case and the verb
is an e.g. specto pueros laborare (I see that the boys are working).
Sequence of tenses – the way the infinitive is translated is relative to the main verb
Perfect Verb + Present Infinitive = translation
Perfect Verb + Perfect Infinitive = translation
Perfect Verb + Future Infinitive = translation
Regular Verbs
1. First conjugation: use amo, amāre, amavi, amatus
Present – Intro Imperfect - Intro Future - Intro Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II
1st singular amo
I love
amabam
I was loving
amabo
I will love
amavi
I loved
amaveram
I had loved
Amavero
I will have loved
2nd
singular
3rd
singular
1st plural
2nd
plural
3rd
plural
2. 2nd
conjugation: use moneo, monēre, monui, monitus
Present – Intro Imperfect - Intro Future - Intro Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II
1st singular moneo
I warn
monebam
I was warning
monebo
I will warn
monui
I warned
monueram
I had warned
Monuero
I will have warned
2nd
singular
3rd
singular
1st plural
2nd
plural
3rd
plural
3. Third conjugation: use ago, agere, egi, actus
Present – Latin I Imperfect – Latin I Future – Latin I Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II
1st singular ago
I drive
agebam
I was driving
agam
I will drive
egi
I drove
egeram
I had driven
Egero
I will have
driven
2nd
singular
3rd
singular
1st plural
2nd
plural
3rd
plural
4. 3rd
–io or 4th conjugation: use audio, audīre, audivi, auditus
Present – Latin I Imperfect – Latin I Future – Latin I Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II
1st singular audio
I hear
audiebam
I was hearning
audiam
I will hear
audivi
I heard
audiveram
I had heard
audivero
I will have heard
2nd
singular
3rd
singular
1st plural
2nd
plural
3rd
plural
5. Passive verbs (use laudo, laudāre, lauavi, laudatus)
Present Imperfect Future* Perfect Pluperfect Future-Perfect
1st singular laudor
I am praised
Laudabar I was being praised
Laudabor
I will be praised
laudatus sum
I was praised
laudatus eram I had been praised
laudatus ero I will have been paised
2nd
singular
3rd
singular
1st plural
2nd
plural
3rd
plural
*N.B. the future tense of 3rd
and 4th conjugations uses –ar, -eris, -etur, -emur, -emini, -entur
Irregular Verbs 1. sum
Present – Intro Imperfect – Intro Future – Intro Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II
1st singular sum
I am
eram
I was
Ero
I will be
fui
I was
fueram
I had been
Fuero
I will have been
2nd
singular
3rd
singular
1st plural
2nd
plural
3rd
plural
2. Varia
Present – Latin II Present – Latin II Present – Latin II Present – Latin II Perfect – Latin II
1st singular volo
I want
Possum*
I am able
Eo
I go
fero
I bear
Tui
I bore
2nd
singular
3rd
singular
1st plural
2nd
plural
3rd
plural
*N.B. all form of this verb look similar to “sum”
noli/nolite + infinititive = e.g. noli laborare = (Latin I)
Define: licet (Latin II) placet (Latin II)
Infinitives Active Passive Present (to save – into) (to be saved – Latin II)
Perfect (to have saved – Latin II) (to have been saved – II)
Future (to be about to save – Latin II) (to be about to be saved)
Imperatives - Commands Intro (work! singular) (work! plural)
Geography Intro: Roma, Italia, Graecia, Britannia, Hispania, Mare Nostrum, Tiber River Latin I: Ostia, Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Brundisium, Apennine Mountains, Africa, Athens, Gallia, Carthage, Asia Minor, Troy Latin II : Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Rhine River, Rubicon River, Po River, Nile River, Germania, Aegyptus, Sicillia, Crete
Latin in Use
Conversational Latin
Latin English Translation Level
Salve Intro
Quid agis? Intro
Quid nomen tibi? Intro
Vale Intro
Ita vero Intro
Minime Intro
Quid est? Intro
Quis est? Intro
Gratias tibi ago Latin I
Sol lucet Latin I
Pluit Latin 1
Quota hora est? Latin I
Adsum Latin I
Quid novi? Latin I
Quaenam est tempestas? Latin II
Surge! Latin II
Ignosce mihi Latin II
Bene respondisti Latin II
Abbreviations
Abbreviation What it stands for Translation Level
p.s. Intro
e.g. Intro
n.b. Intro
etc. Intro
a.m. Intro
p.m. Intro
i.e. Latin I
a.d. Latin I
et al Latin II
vs. Latin II
viz. Latin II
cf. Latin II
ibid. Latin II
f/ff Latin II
Mottoes
Latin Phrase English translation Level
Semper paratus/fidelis Intro
Cave canem Intro
Sic semper tyrannis Intro
Fortuna caeca est Intro
Summa cum laude Intro
Per annum Intro
Staus quo Intro
Labor omnia vincit Intro
E pluribus unum Intro
Ad nauseam Intro
Tempus fugit Intro
Errare est humanum Intro
Carpe diem Intro
Terra firma Intro
Veni, vidi, vici, Latin I
Caveat emptor Latin II
Ad astra per aspera Latin II
Ars longa, vita brevis Latin II
Ab ovo usque ad mala Latin II
Pronouns
Nom. I* ego you* tu
Gen. of me of you
Dat. to/for me* to/for you*
Acc. me* you*
Abl. with/by me** with/by you**
Nom. we* nos you* vos
Gen. of us of you
Dat. to/for us* to/for you*
Acc. us* you*
Abl. with/by us** with/by you**
Pronouns
Nom. who?* quis what?* quid
Gen. whose? of what?
Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?
Acc. whom? what?
Abl. with/by whom? with/by what?
Nom. who?* qui, quae what?* quae
Gen. whose? of what?
Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?
Acc. whom? to/for what?
Abl. with/by whom? with/by what?
*Intro **Latin I Latin II – complete all
Latin II Pronouns
Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc. Fem.
Neut.
Nom. this hic haec hoc that ille illa illud
Gen. of this of that
Dat. to/for this t/f that
Acc. this that
Abl. with/by this w/b that
Nom. these those
Gen. of these of those
Dat. to/for these t/f those
Acc. these those
Abl. w/b these w/b those
Masc. Fem. Neut.
Nom. who qui quae what quod
Gen. whose of what
Dat. to/for whom to/for what
Acc. whom to/for what
Abl. with/by whom with/by what
Nom. who what
Gen. whose of what
Dat. to/for whom to/for what
Acc. whom to/for what
Abl. with/by whom with/by what
Latin II Pronouns
Nom. he is she ea it id
Gen. of him of her of it
Dat. to/for him to/for her t/f it
Acc. him her it
Abl. with/by him with/by her w/b it
Nom. they they they
Gen. of them of them of them
Dat. to/for them to/for them t/f them
Acc. them them them
Abl. with/by them with/by them w/b them
Gen. of himself/herself/itself/theirself sui
Dat. to/for himself/herself/itself/theirself
Acc. himself/herself/itself/theirself
Abl. with/by himself/herself/itself/theirself
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