national policy and landscape reality – new approaches needed
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National policy and landscape reality – new approaches needed
Przemyslaw Majewski – Baltic Landscape Project, Sweden and Silver Taiga Foundation, Russia; Gun Lidestav – Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Umeå; Johan Svensson - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Umeå; Leif Jougda – Swedish Forest Agency, Vilhelmina; Marcus Hedblom - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala; Erik Ederlöf – Swedish Forest Agency, Kristianstad
Assumption and verification
Assumptions:1. Policy and legislation at national level is main condition for sustainable governance in the landscape. 2. Local implementation is made by routine channels of transfer from policy to ground level.Verification:Landscape experience does not support the assumptions orLandscape reality is more complex then policy declarations.
Pristine forest of the Komi Republic, RussiaUntouched, European conservation value and logging
resource
Photo P. Majewski – Komi Model Forest
Logging frontier in pristine taiga – River Nizhniaja Puzla - 2011 – The Republic of Komi, Russia
Pristine forest after logging – no consideration for landscape and river basinRiver Yolva Mezenskaya , the Republic of Komi, Russia
logging
Result of pristine forest inventory in productive forests of the Komi Republic.
Area covered by the inventory 21 mln ha
Area of identified pristine forests 4,8 mln ha (23%)
Silver Taiga FoundationState Forest ServiceTerritorial Fund of Information
5 stakeholders
Obiachevo
Logging regimes in pristine forestsKomi Model Forest
limited logging - 43 000 ha
out of logging - 15 000 ha
normal logging - 35 000 ha
Legend
Silver Taiga Foundation
State Forestry Agencyfor the Komi Republic
800 000 ha
100 km
8 stakeholders
9
45
53
24
47
63
11
4
14
34
7
38
12
58
6
30
3
51
5
2
57
36
10
54
35
1632
1
33
22
56
31
18
394020
55
19 268
23
44
37
59
60
48
25
15
17
64
41
13
Conservation value of pristine forest landscapes (HCVF)expressed as traffic lights - Udora region
high value
medium value
fragmented areas
river basins
Total area 3 500 000 ha
Pristine forest 1 200 000 ha (34%)
100 kmSilver Taiga FoundationState Forest ServiceTerritorial Fund of Information
6 stakeholders
100%100%
100%
80%
90%
Progress (in %) in solution of pristine forest problem in the Komi Republic until 2012.
Silver Taiga FoundationState Forest ServiceTerritorial Fund of Information
Pristine forest case - Russia
Conclusions:1. Policy and legislation at national level is late in
comparison to speed of development of market and social demands.
2. Local initiative can solve also large scale problems even if national policy is not existing.
3. Knowledge on the ground is needed to deal with landscape challenges.
Pristine, remote river is depleted from fish resources.Model River Mezen, Russia
Photo Przemyslaw Majewski, Komi Model Forest
Salmon harvest in Mezen River 1946-2002 (Zakharov A.B. 2010)
1946
1949
1952
1955
1958
1961
1968
1971
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1991
1994-1996
1999
2002
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Годы
ц Salmon1946= 100%2002= 1%Other fish1980= 100%2010= 15%
,00 kg
years
Why planning is separating people, river and forest?
Photo P. Majewski – Komi Model Forest
Model River Mezen case - Russia
Conclusions:1. Policy and legislation at national level presence is
not enough to ensure implementation. 2. Landscape reality is often not visible from national
perspective.3. Sectorial approach is not summing up in efficiency.
Drainage case – Belarus Water drainage in forest and on meadows is separated even if they belong to the same river valley.
Photo P. Majewski – Baltic Landscape
Drainage case - Belarus
Conclusions:1. Policy and legislation based on sectorial borders is
not enough for landscape management. 2. Integration of landscape planning is blocked by
sectorial approach and formal borders of competence.
3. Even obvious needs of integration are not addressed for years.
Territorial planning case - Poland
Democracy vs ExpertiseAdvantages: Advantages:flexibility expertise
local area for locals detailed plan
Disadvantages: Disadvantageslimited relevant knowledge very expensivecorruption charges city experts
no flexibility
90% of land has no territorial plans
Territorial planning case - Poland
Conclusions:1. Policy and legislation good intentions are not
enough on landscape level. 2. Timed reaction for feedback from local level is
needed. 3. Small gaps in strict policy can cause large scale
problems.
Hydropower case – Sweden - River Ångermanälven, 1936
es.
Fosmo, Ångermanälven , courtesy of Vilhelmina Model Forest
Hydropower case – Sweden - River Ångermanälven, now.No ladders for migratory fish and river temporary without water
photo Mikael Strömberg, courtesy of Vilhelmina Model Forest
Hydropower case - Sweden
Conclusions:1. Policy and legislation based on sectorial borders is
not enough for landscape management. 2. Green light for green energy is creating landscape
“secret, saint cows” which are sometimes good sometimes destructive.
3. Nationally declared participation of stakeholders is often superficial.
What is needed?
1. National policy and legislation should be followed by local efficient and agreed tools for implementation,
2. Cross sectorial gradual integration of planning is needed on landscape level,
3. Efficient feedback and timed corrections should be included into national programs,
4. Localities should be supported by relevant knowledge and experience,
5. Network of case landscapes should be developed to support identification of local needs and barriers and development of local new approaches and innovations.
National policy and landscape reality – Paddling on both ends is more efficient
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