“nationalism nein !”

The Romantic Age, (1815-1848):The Congress System -

Europe Politically after the Congress of Vienna

“Nationalism Nein!”

OverviewAfter the Congress of Vienna, Europe will try to prevent another French Revolution

The Congress System, or Concert of Europe, ensues

It will be moderately successful, but ultimately unable to cope with the changes unleashed by both the French and Industrial Revolutions.

Topics

1820s

1830s

1820s

FranceLouis XVIII takes power;

White Terror ensues

Charles X continues the attempt to reimpose absolutism

King Louis XVIII of France

GermanyNationalist opposition to royalty begins

Illuminati

Burchenschaft

Carlsbad Decrees

Mass censorship of the press and schools The sign on the wall reads: "Important question

to be considered in today's meeting: 'How long will we be allowed to think?'" The sign in the upper-right corner lists the rules of the Thinkers' Club: "I. The president opens the meeting at precisely 8 a.m./ II. The first rule of a learned society is silence./”

Great BritianCorn Law of 1815

“Days of May”

Peterloo Massacre, 1819

Congress SystemCongress of Vienna

Congress of Aix-la-Chappelle, 1818

Congress of Troppau, 1820

Congress of Verona, 1822

Latin American RevoltsCreoles vs. Penninsulares

Simon Bolivar leads the revolts

Monroe Doctrine

Decembrist Revolt in RussiaTsar Alexander I dies

The army wants Constantine, not Nicholas as Tsar

Nicholas attacks the army, and ushers in Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Nationalism

The Russian army refusing to take a loyalty oath to Nicholas

1830s

Greek IndependenceGreece rebels against the Ottoman Turks with Russian & British support

Independent in 1830, begins the cracks in the Congress System

France

King Charles X (r. 1824-1830)

Charles X abdicates

July Revolution, 1830

Bourgeoisie want a constitutional monarchy

Louis Philippe takes over as a constitutional monarch

Charles X

Louis-Philippe

Belgium Independence, 1830

Leopold I, King of the Belgians

Poland Rebells Against the Russians!

Reform in Great BritainLiberal Tories take power

Parliament highly unrepresentative of new demographics due to the Industrial Revolution

Reform Bill of 1832

Increased representation for towns & cities

Voters must own property

Other laws – 1833 slavery banned, 1834 – Poor Law, Factory Act of 1833, Mines Act of 1842, Ten Hours Act of 1847

Chartism

The Great Chartist Meeting at Kennington Common, 1848

People's Charter

Annual election of House of Commons

Universal adult male suffrage

Secret ballot

No property qualifications

Rejected and failed

Triumph of the Liberal BourgeiosieFrom 1815 – 1848, the bourgeiosie dominated politics and society

i.e. - the Cotton Lords

Incredible rise in national income as the Industrial Revolution spread to Europe

The working class was completely excluded from government

Manchester School

Property limitations for voting

This will bread resentment & a desire for change

Europe in 1848

SummaryCitizens began to demand increased participation in government

The Great Powers, through the Congress System, tried to prevent this development

Revolutions of 1830 broke the Congress System

Britain will give more rights to the people

Will prevent the upcoming revolutions