natural resources management in sub-sahara africa and the contribution of jircas to card satoshi...
Post on 23-Dec-2015
214 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Natural Resources Natural Resources Management in Sub-Sahara Management in Sub-Sahara Africa and the Contribution Africa and the Contribution
of JIRCAS to CARDof JIRCAS to CARD
Satoshi TobitaCrop Production & Environment Div.
JIRCAS
OutlinesOutlines
JIRCAS and its missionImportance of R&D on natural
resources management in SSACurrent R&D activities of JIRCAS
in AfricaContribution of JIRCAS to CARD
Structure of National Agricultural R&D Activities in Japan
AFFRC Secretariat
National AgriculturalResearch Organization (NARO)
National Institute of AgrobiologicalSciences (NIAS)
National Institute for Agro- Environmental Sciences (NIAES)
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)
Forestry Agency
Fisheries Agency
Forestry and Forest ProductsResearch Institute(FFPRI)
FisheriesResearchAgency(FRA)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF)
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council (AFFRC)
JIRCASMission: To contribute to the improvement of agriculture, forestry and fisheriestechnologies in developing regions by
conducting collaborative researches.
Annual budget 39 million US$ (2008)No. of researchers 106 (2008)
• HQ in Tsukuba (60 km N of Tokyo) Research Front in Ishigaki (a sub-tropical island) • Research area (1) Information and Economy (2) Biological Resources (3) Environ. Management (4) Animal and Forages (5) Forestry (6) Fisheries
Only Institute dispatching researchers in long-in long-term basisterm basis. More than 20 researchers stay and work 2-3 yrs.
ResultsReportsMaterials
2-5 years
Identify theme
Research plan
JIRCAS Counterpart
ResearchField/laboratory experiments
EquipmentResearchersGoods & travel costCapacity building
FacilityResearchersAdministration service
Invitation & visitsInvitation & visits
Our Method of Collaboration
CIATAnti-drought upland rice
Africa Rice Center (WARDA)(Nigeria) Development of Nerica
CIP
●
●●
●
●
●●
●
ICARDA Anti-drought wheat
IITA
ICRISAT (Niger)Soil fertility improvement
ILRI
IWMI
●
CIFOR
World Fish Center
IRRIWater-saving cultivationAnti-drought rice
World Agroforestry Center
Bioversity International
●
●
●●
IFPRI JIRCAS
Ongoing collaboration Collaboration in the past
CIMMYT Anti-drought wheat
JIRCAS is a key partner of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)
JIRCAS’s Collaboration in Africa (1)
Initial collaboration with IARCs in Kenya with ILRI (1980-2006) Tripanosomasis in Nigeria with IITA (1990-95) Drought tolerance (cowpea) in Kenya with ICIPE (1994-2004) Locusts management in Cote d’Ivoire & Mali with WARDA (1997-now,) Rice
Ongoing projects NERICA related project with WARDA in Nigeria, with IRAG (Guinea) Fertility improvement of sandy soils with ICRISAT and INRAN (Niger)
JIRCAS’s Collaboration in Africa (2)
Projects newly assigned to JIRCAS with the inclusion of J-Green (from April 2008)
Toward the improvement of natural resources management
systems in Japan and developing countries in Ethiopia (2004-09) Prevention of desertification in Ethiopia (2007-09) Water harvesting in Niger (2007-11) Cyclic use of water (funded by MAFF) in Niger (2005-09) Sahel Oasis (funded by JICA) in Ghana & Ethiopia, (2008-2012) Rice water control in Mali & Niger (2008-2012) Natural resources
management
(counterparts are all national organizations)
Mid-term plan (2006-2010): 4 pillarsUtilize biological resources for stable
production and multi-purpose applications under adverse environments
Develop technologies for the management of natural environmental resources for sustainable agriculture
Elucidate the impact of global environmental changes on agriculture
Collect, analyze, and disseminate information related to international food and agriculture
JIRCAS R&D Priorities
Technology development for sustainable soil management systems in the tropics1. Asian monsoon area: Soil with high
organic matter input2. African Sahel area: Soil with low
organic matter input
Develop technologies for the management of natural environmental resources for sustainable agriculture (Pillar 2)
JIRCAS R&D Priorities
Two targets toward the goal under the Pillar 2
Bellagio Statements in 2002 Soil fertility degradation has been the single
most important constraint to food security in Sub-Sahara Africa.
An international alliance for tackling these soil fertility issues was proposed with long-term perspective and holistic approach in the concept of Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM).
Importance of NRM in SSA
JIRCAS has recognized them with actions:
Proposed a broader alliance comprised of research institutes from developed countries.Started a new research project in the Sahel.
Especially low in Sub-Sahara Africa & Middle East
After TERRASTAT (FAO)
After TERRASTAT (FAO)
Especially low in Sub-Sahara Africa & Middle East
The Sahel was selected as the project site because the soil fertility has been most threatened
Objectives:Development of technology options for affordable
and sustainable soil fertility management systems targeting the sandy soils in the Sahel,
by the elucidation of the function of soil organic matters from kinds of indigenous origins, and
by the evaluation of plant genetic resources for their role in soil fertility maintenance/restoration.
ICRISAT-JIRCAS Collaborative Project2003-2010
Improvement of fertility of sandy soilsImprovement of fertility of sandy soilsin the semi-arid zone of West Africain the semi-arid zone of West Africa
through organic matter managementthrough organic matter management
ICRISAT-JIRCAS Collaborative Project2003-2010
Improvement of fertility of sandy soilsImprovement of fertility of sandy soilsin the semi-arid zone of West Africain the semi-arid zone of West Africa
through organic matter managementthrough organic matter management
Improvement in nutrient cycles by enhancing integrated crop-livestock system.
Introduction of improved multiple-purpose legumes and plant resources enhancing soil fertility into the production systems.
Enhancement of the soil organic carbon pool as an integrator of various biochemical functions in the soil.
Application of organic matters together with mineral fertilizers, and
Soil conservation to control soil loss and improve water capture and use efficiency.
Under the ISFM (Integrated Soil Fertility Management) principles:
ICRISAT-JIRCAS Collaborative Project2003-2010
Dual-purpose semi-erect type cowpea cultivars and their intercropping Soil chemical properties and pearl millet yield
Use of indigenous organic matters, i.e., transfer manure, crop residues, household wastes etc. C and N cycles and quantification in the farming
system Decomposition and termite activity
Synergy of organic and inorganic fertilizers Modeling for long-term and wide-scale
Biological and physical properties of fallow vegetation Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) Reduction of wind erosion and capture of wind-blown
materials Prevention of desertification
Technology options being verified in farmers’ field
Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD
Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) is the initiative led by JICA and AGRA, to double rice production in Africa in ten years (2008-2017).
JIRCAS is a member of the Steering Committee of CARD together with WARDA and IRRI to support research components of the initiative.
Development of new rice varieties with tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses in Africa
Contribution to next generation NERICA
Drought tolerance
Possibility of Expanding Rice Producing Area
QTL of rooting depthDREB transformation
×
Asian Rice African Rice●Nerica (New Rice for Africa)
○ Advantages of Nerica ・ Early Maturing ・ High Yield
New Traits
Blast resistance Phosphorus deficiency tolerance
Sets of differential varieties developed by JIRCAS and IRRI
Nipponbare NIL-Pup1
Locus of low-P tolerance identified by JIRCAS and IRRI
Higher potential yield: >3 Mt/ha Large (190 mil. ha) but unused area (<15%
utilized) in SSA
Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD
Rain-fed lowland is the most to contribute to the goal of CARD
JIRCAS starts two new activities on the rice system in rain-fed lowland
Development of small-scale inland valleysCollaboration with “Sawah Project” and “JICA T
echnical Cooperation Project”Power tiller utilization
Research on the natural resources management technologies for sustainable rice production in the rain-fed lowland (new project starting from 2009)
Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD
Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD
Duration: 6 years (Apr. 2009 - Mar. 2015)Budget: 150 million JPY in 6 years (JIRCAS core)Target: rain-fed lowland rice ecology in inland valley swamps
Goal: Low input and sustainable rice production system
Study site: around Kumasi, GhanaImplementing agencies:
Japan: JIRCAS (leading), Kinki Univ., etc.Ghana: Crop Res. Inst., Soil Res. Inst., Water
Resources Res. Inst.
A new project:“Development of low-input rice cultivation system in wetland in Africa”
Outlines
Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD
1.Development of soil fertility management technologies with use of locally available resourcesnutrients, organic matters, rotating crops,
phosphate rocks
2.Development of crop management technologies to increase productivity of rain-fed riceweed control, light and water utilization
3.Evaluation and selection of superb rice genotypes adapted to rain-fed lowland conditionshigher resource use efficiency, G x E
4.Establishment and verification of rice cultivation models adapted to low-input system
A new project:“Development of low-input rice cultivation system in wetland in Africa”Activities (Project components)
Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD
Characterization of natural resources for rice production in the rain-fed lowland system
Guideline (manual) for soil fertility management
Guideline (manual) for crop management
Suitable rice varieties for rain-fed lowland conditions
Guideline for integrated cropping-system models for low-input rice production
A new project:“Development of low-input rice cultivation system in wetland in Africa”
Outputs (Expected results)
JIRCAS major activities in Africa since 2009
• Cyclic Water Use in Niger
• Soil Fertility Improvement in the Sahel with ICRISAT
• Inland Valley Development in Ghana & Ethiopia
• Low-input Rice System in the Rain-fed Ecology in Ghana
Natural Resource Management
Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD
Crop Improvement
• Yam Production System with IITA
• New Generation of NERICA with WARDA
• JIRCAS Liaison Office in Ghana with FARA
Research Strategy
JIRCAS can contribute to CARD!
Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!Merci pour votre attention !Merci pour votre attention !
top related