naval design goes green va. ing. angel martinez

NAVAL TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO NAVAL TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

•NAVAL DESIGN GOES GREENNAVAL DESIGN GOES GREEN

VA. ING. ANGEL MARTINEZVA. ING. ANGEL MARTINEZ

• The sea, one of the basic elements of the environmental balance on this planet, is under serious risk as a result of the pollution .

• An important part of the contamination has its origin in ships.

• Ships are enforced to fulfil certain rules to prevent pollution. These rules must procure to minimize the marine contamination.

CONTAMINATION OF THE SEACONTAMINATION OF THE SEA

The Mediterranean is a sick sea, where it takes around 100 years for the waters to become renewed. (Mediterranean Sea Conference - Tunisia 1995)

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INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL

MARITIMEMARITIME

ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

MARMARITIME ITIME POLPOLLUTIONLUTION

CODE & CODE & AMENDMENTSAMENDMENTS

MARPOL MARPOL 73/7873/78

IMO REGULATIONSIMO REGULATIONS

IMO

MARPOL CONVENTION 73/78• ADOPTED AT IMO AS A COMBINATION OF

TWO TREATIES OF 1973 AND 1978. ENTERED INTO FORCE IN 1983. UPDATED BY AMENDMENTS THROUGH THE YEARS.

• SPAIN RATIFIES IN 1979 AND GOES INTO EFFECT IN 1983.

• APPLICABLE TO ALL KIND OF SHIPS EXCEPT WARSHIPS.

• INCLUDES SIX TECHNICAL ANNEXES.• STATES PARTIES MUST ACCEPT THE TWO

FIRST ANNEXES, THE OTHER ARE VOLUNTARY.

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MARPOL Article 3.3., “This Convention does MARPOL Article 3.3., “This Convention does NOT NOT apply to WARSHIPSapply to WARSHIPS, naval auxiliary or other ships , naval auxiliary or other ships operated by a State and used only for government operated by a State and used only for government non-commercial services”.non-commercial services”.

IMO REGULATIONSIMO REGULATIONSIMO

SPANISH M.O.D. NORMATIVESPANISH M.O.D. NORMATIVE

• MINISTRY OF DEFENSE DIRECTIVE 01/92.• MINISTRY OF DEFENSE DIRECTIVE 107/97

- ESTABLISHES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY.- DEFINES THE DIGENIN COMPETENCE.- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.- SUSTAINABLE OPERATIVITY.- ESTABLISHES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. (MANDATORY FOR THE ARMED FORCES).

• SECRETARY OF DEFENSE INSTRUCTION 30/98 (DEVELOPS DIRECTIVE 107/97).- ESTABLISHES A PERMANENT ORGAN OF WORK.- ESTABLISHES POLICY: LEGISLATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RECOVERING.

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INCLUDE SIX TECHNICAL ANNEXESINCLUDE SIX TECHNICAL ANNEXES

Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by:Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by:

• Annex I: Annex I: FUEL / OIL .FUEL / OIL .

• Annex II: Annex II: NOXIOUS LIQUIDNOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES IN BULK (Such SUBSTANCES IN BULK (Such as Chemicals).as Chemicals).

• Annex III: Annex III: HARMFUL SUBSTANCESHARMFUL SUBSTANCES CARRIED BY SEA IN CARRIED BY SEA IN PACKAGED FORM.PACKAGED FORM.

• Annex IV: Annex IV: SEWAGESEWAGE FROM SHIPS. FROM SHIPS.

• Annex V: Annex V: GARBAGEGARBAGE FROM SHIPS. FROM SHIPS.

• Annex VI: Annex VI: AIRAIR POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (Complemented POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (Complemented with the Kioto Convention and Montreal Protocol).with the Kioto Convention and Montreal Protocol).

MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78IMO

• MARPOL establishes also some Special Areas where it is absolutely forbidden to discharge hydrocarbons, plastics and solids in general. The discharge of residual black waters is not permitted inside restricted waters and the discharge of grey waters depends on the criteria of the local authorities. Also it is not permitted the discharge of food residues at less than 12 miles from the shore.These special areas are:

• Mediterranean Sea.• Baltic Sea.• Black Sea.• Red Sea.• Persian Gulf.• North Sea.• Antarctic Ocean.• Caribbean Sea. The Antarctic Ocean is one of the Special Areas established by MARPOL

•MARPOL CONVENTION 73/78

THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF RESIDUES GENERATEDIN A SHIP IS IMPORTANT.

* Residues generated in a mission of 50 days= 12.850 m3

Example: Ship LHD “J.C. I” with a capacity for 1.440 persons.

*Residues generated = 257m3 per day

Not possible... Store.

Is required... Collect .. Process..Elimination.

Following directions of the International Organizations...IMO and Local Authorities.

•TREATMENT OF RESIDUESTREATMENT OF RESIDUES

DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES DAILY GENERATED BY ONE LHD TYPE SHIP

OILY WATERS BLACK AND GREY WATERS

COMBUSTIBLESOLIDS

NON COMBUSTIBLESOLIDS FOOD RESIDUES

0

224.000 L

320 L

14.300 L

350 L

2.000 L

45 L

1.200 L

0,3 %

715 L

257.500 L

0

16.000 L

TREATMENT OF RESIDUESTREATMENT OF RESIDUES

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Annex I. Prevent Pollution by Annex I. Prevent Pollution by FUEL / OILFUEL / OIL..

Ships must be fitted with equipment:Ships must be fitted with equipment:Oily-water separators, filtering system, oil-Oily-water separators, filtering system, oil-discharge monitoring system, slop tanks, sludge discharge monitoring system, slop tanks, sludge tanks and pumping.tanks and pumping. Hydrocarbons in waterHydrocarbons in water limited to 15 ppm.limited to 15 ppm.

MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78IMO

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APPLICATION OF MARPOLAPPLICATION OF MARPOL

INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

IN F-105 (UNDER CONSTRUCTION):IN F-105 (UNDER CONSTRUCTION):

- ANNEX I. TO PREVENT POLLUTION BY - ANNEX I. TO PREVENT POLLUTION BY FUEL /OIL.FUEL /OIL.

• OILY WATER INDICATOROILY WATER INDICATOR

• BILGE WATER-OIL SEPARATORBILGE WATER-OIL SEPARATOR

• 12 OIL STORAGE TANKS.12 OIL STORAGE TANKS.

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Annex IV: Prevention of Annex IV: Prevention of SEWAGESEWAGE from ships. from ships.

MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78IMO

GREY WATERS:GREY WATERS:

. FREE DISCHARGE ALLOWED. . FREE DISCHARGE ALLOWED.

BLACK WATERS DISCHARGES:BLACK WATERS DISCHARGES:

• TREATED:TREATED: > 3 n.m. > 3 n.m.

• NOT TREATED: > 12 n.m.NOT TREATED: > 12 n.m.

EFFLUENTS:EFFLUENTS:

. BOD5 < 25 mg/l. BOD5 < 25 mg/l

. T.S.S. < 35 mg/l. T.S.S. < 35 mg/l

. COLIFORMS < 100 col/100ml. COLIFORMS < 100 col/100ml

THE TREND IS TO TREAT ALSO THE TREND IS TO TREAT ALSO GREY WATERS AS S.N. DOES.GREY WATERS AS S.N. DOES.

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• ANNEX IV. ANNEX IV. SEWAGE.SEWAGE.

2 SEWAGE & GREY WATER 2 SEWAGE & GREY WATER TREATMENT PLANTS.TREATMENT PLANTS.

5 WASTE GREY WATER 5 WASTE GREY WATER HOLDING TANKS.HOLDING TANKS.

F-105. MARPOL APPLICATIONF-105. MARPOL APPLICATION

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MARPOL APPLICATIONMARPOL APPLICATION

ANNEX V.ANNEX V. PREVENT POLLUTION BY GARBAGE PREVENT POLLUTION BY GARBAGE

SOLID WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM IN F-105.SOLID WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM IN F-105.

• NON COMBUSTIBLE INORGANIC SOLIDNON COMBUSTIBLE INORGANIC SOLID

WASTE: TRASH COMPACTOR 1. WASTE: TRASH COMPACTOR 1.

• COMBUSTIBLE INORGANIC SOLIDCOMBUSTIBLE INORGANIC SOLID

WASTE: TRASH COMPACTOR 2 -WASTE: TRASH COMPACTOR 2 ->INCINERATOR.>INCINERATOR.

• ORGANIC GARBAGE: 2 PULPERS .ORGANIC GARBAGE: 2 PULPERS .

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GARBAGE GARBAGE COMPACTOR COMPACTOR

ROOMROOM

F-105. MARPOL APPLICATIONF-105. MARPOL APPLICATION

INCINERATORINCINERATOR

•ANNEX VANNEX V

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F-105. RULES APPLICATIONF-105. RULES APPLICATION

• DIESEL ENGINES WithDIESEL ENGINES With

MARPOL AIR POLLUTIONMARPOL AIR POLLUTION

CERTIFICATE.CERTIFICATE.

•ANNEX VI. PREVENTION OF ANNEX VI. PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION.AIR POLLUTION.

• FUEL QUALITY.FUEL QUALITY.

• OZONE DEPLETING OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES LIKE HALONS SUBSTANCES LIKE HALONS AND CFC´s ELIMINATED ON AND CFC´s ELIMINATED ON BOARD.BOARD.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

DIESEL TURBINA GAS VAPOR

NO,x

SO,x

CO2

CO

HC

Partículas

Emissions to the atmosphere depending on naval propulsion type

► Use of High Efficiency Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) systems Total efficiency of the engine can be increased by more than 5 %. That means less fuel consumption and

therefore less emissions to the atmosphere.

Requires extensive modifications for existing vessels.

WASTE HEAT RECOVERY

► IMO Resolution of Nov. 99 called for global prohibition on the application of organotin compounds which act as biocides in antifouling system on ships, by Jan. 2008.

► Application of low friction hull coatings Coatings based on nanotechnologies

Silicone paints.

UNDER WATER HULL COATING

THE IMPORTANCE OF ROUGHNESSTHE IMPORTANCE OF ROUGHNESS

“Fuel Economy due to Improvement in Ship Hull Surface Condition”

% FUEL PENALTY vs. INCREASED ROUGHNESS

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

Roughness (microns)

SILICONE ANTIFOULING PAINTS

“Alvaro de Bazán” F101: Painted in Ferrol in Nov. 06

F-101 IN DRY DOCKING IN FERROL

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FUTURE LEGISLATIONFUTURE LEGISLATION: : BALLAST WATERBALLAST WATER

IMO REGULATIONSIMO REGULATIONSIMO

CLASSROOM FOR TREATMENT OF RESIDUES

GREEN PASSPORT (I)GREEN PASSPORT (I)

• The use of hazardous materials should be minimized in the design, construction and maintenance of ships. There is a need to prepare ships for recycling in such a manner as to reduce environmental and safety risks and health and welfare concerns.

• Adopts the IMO Guidelines on Ship Recycling set out in the annex of the resolution.

• Invites Governments to take urgent action to apply this Guidelines.

• The Guidelines seek to: – Encourage recycling as the best means to dispose of ships at the end of

their operating lives.– Provide guidance in respect of the preparation of ships for recycling and

minimizing the use of potentially hazardous materials and waste generation during a ship´s operating life.

– Foster inter-agency cooperation.– Encourage all stakeholders to address the issue of ship recycling.

•Resolution A.962 IMO GUIDELINES ON SHIP RECYCLING

GREEN PASSPORT (II)GREEN PASSPORT (II)

1.- Fuel, lubricants and coolants.2.- Floatable materials (eg. Plastics, styrofoam insulation ...).3.- Materials containing PCB´s such as wiring insulation.4.- Sludges.5.- Harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water.6.- Asbestos used as insulation material and in accommodation panels.

• “The Green Passport for ships is a document facilitating the application of these Guidelines, providing information with regard to materials known to be potentially hazardous used in the construction of the ships, its equipment and systems.

•Potential hazardous materials:

Alang (India)Alang (India) Chittagong (Bangladesh)Chittagong (Bangladesh)

SUSTAINABILITY OF SHIPS SCRAPING. RECYCLING

September 2002, Canary Islands

During National Navy Exercise Neotapón 02, 14 Beaked Whales stranded.The Spanish Ministry of Defence decided to fund any research aimed to find the causes of the stranding and the death of the animals.

•MARINE MAMMALS PROTECTIONMARINE MAMMALS PROTECTION

A group of patologists from the University of Las Palmas (Canary Islands), leaded by Dr. Antonio Fernández, claimed the corpses of the dead beaked whales and started a research based on the analysis of the tissues.

They discovered “holes” on the tissues and rised the theory of Gas Bubble Formation.

According to this theory, the beaked whales might have died because of Decompression Sickness.

•MARINE MAMMALS MARINE MAMMALS PROTECTIONPROTECTION

Further research was performed by NURC and other agencies. The unknown undersea life of beaked whales was researched. Some animals were “tagged” with sensors.

Sensor Tags showed an uncommon diving profile: they dive up to 1600 mts !.

That cleared the way for the Decompression Sickness Theory.

•MARINE MAMMALS MARINE MAMMALS PROTECTIONPROTECTION

However, there was the scientific common belief that Marine Mammals, after million of years of evolution, cannot suffer from decompression sickness.

•MARINE MAMMALS MARINE MAMMALS PROTECTIONPROTECTION

A tissue analysis on beaked whales stranded January 2006 in southeast Spain confirmed the Decompression Sickness Theory.

•MARINE MAMMALS MARINE MAMMALS PROTECTIONPROTECTION

800 – 1900 mts

BEAKED WHALE DIVING CYCLE

Squids

DECOMPRESION CYCLE (ABOUT 1 HR)

100 to 120 minutes

•MARINE MAMMALS MARINE MAMMALS PROTECTIONPROTECTION

•RAPID ASCENT

•NITROGEN BEADS ON BLOOD AND TISSUES

•DEAD CAUSED BY RAPID DECOMPRESION

MOST PROBABLE CAUSE OF BEAKED WHALES DEATH

STARTING AT SONAR SILENCE, SUDDENLY SONARS START TO TRANSMIT

PANIC !

THE ASCENDING BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY FORCES THE BEAKED WHALE TO MOVE UPWARDS

•MARINE MAMMALS MARINE MAMMALS PROTECTIONPROTECTION

Spanish Navy Marine Mammals Protection Procedures

•Active Sonar activities cannot be performed within 50 NM of the Canary Islands.

•Before any active sonar exercise there must be a visual search for Marine Mammals in the area.

•If Marine Mammals are sighted, the acoustic transmission must be ceased until the area is clear of MM.

•When feasible, Passive Acoustic Search should be conducted before an active sonar exercise.

•Set sonars to minimum Tx power.

•Visual inspection of the area after the exercise.

•MARINE MAMMALS MARINE MAMMALS PROTECTIONPROTECTION

Spanish MoD Present and future in relation to MM

SP MoD is preparing a new Research Agreement to be signed for cooperation with the Canary Islands Regional Government and the SP Environmental Ministry funding new research on Marine Mammals Protection.

SP Navy is involved in:• maintaining a Marine Mammals Sighting Data Base.• scientific cooperation with NURC for Cruises and research.

•MARINE MAMMALS MARINE MAMMALS PROTECTIONPROTECTION

ENVIRONMENT IS A MATTER OF EVERYBODY

““SAFE, SECURE & EFFICIENT SHIPPING ON CLEAN OCEANS”SAFE, SECURE & EFFICIENT SHIPPING ON CLEAN OCEANS”