near feild communication (nfc)

By :- Aditya SinghVth SEM ‘EC’

NEAR FIELD

COMMUNICATION

NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high frequency wireless communication technology.

A radio communication is established by touching the two phones or keeping them in a proximity of a few centimeters.

NFC is mainly aimed for mobile or handheld devices.

NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification.

It is a form of contactless communication between devices.

NFC – WHAT IS IT ???

I. In 2004, NFC Forum was formed by Nokia, Philips, Sony to set standards for NFC . Every NFC enabled device will have an “N-Mark” trademark ,developed by NFC Forum.

II. In 2006, first mobile phone( nokia 6131) with NFC was released by NOKIA.

III. In 2010, first android phone SAMSUNG NEXUS S with NFC support was released.

IV. Sony introduced "Smart Tags", which use NFC technology to change modes and profiles on sony smartphones.

EVOLUTION OF NFC TECHNOLOGY

Near field communication is based on inductive-coupling.NFC works using magnetic induction between two loop antennas.A reader emits a small electric current, which creates a magnetic field that in turn bridges the physical space between the devices. That field is received by a similar coil in the client device, where

it is turned back into electrical impulses to communicate data such as identification number, status information, or any other

information. So, NFC use an initiator and a target; the initiator actively

generates an RF field that can power a passive target, while 'active' or 'peer-to-peer' tags have their own power source and respond to the reader using their own electromagnetic fields.

Operating frequency is 13.56 MHz and data rate varies from106 Kbit/s to 424 Kbit/s.

OPERATION OF NFC

BLOCK DIAGRAM

The analog circuitry handles the modulation and demodulation of analog signals.

RF level detector detects the presence of an external RF field at 13.56Mhz.

UART handles the protocol requirements for the communication schemes.

FIFO BUFFER allows a fast and convenient data transfer from the host to the UART and vice versa.

MICRO CONTROLLER allows autonomous management of communication both on RF interface and with the host.HOST INTERFACES are implemented to fulfill different

customer requirements.

EXPLANATION

In this mode, both devices with NFC chip can generate an electromagnetic field and exchange information with each

other.

MODES OF OPERATION1) ACTIVE MODE

Two NFC enabled devices transferring data in active mode

Inducing magnetic field

A passive device, such as an NFC tag, contains information that other devices can read but does not read any information itself, so there is only one active user.

2) PASSIVE MODE

A NFC-enabled mobile phone is paired with a RFID-tagged "smart poster"

NFC was approved as an ISO/IEC standard on December 8, 2003 and later as an ECMA standard.

NFC is an open platform technology standardized in ECMA-340 and ISO/IEC 18092.

These standards specify the modulation schemes, coding, transfer speeds and frame format of the RF interface of NFC devices, as well as initialization schemes and conditions required for data collision-

control during initialization for both passive and active NFC modes. Furthermore, they also define the transport protocol, including

protocol activation and data-exchange methods.Thus in-

passive mode an NFC device can communicate with an existing ISO/IEC smartcard or reader.

active mode an NFC device can interact with other such device.

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

Applications such as access control, where the user needs only to bring the device storing the ticket or access code

close to the reader.

APPLICATIONS OF NFC1) TOUCH AND GO

A person gathering info about a movie using his NFC enabled Mobile Phone

Applications such as mobile payment where the user has to confirm the interaction by entering a

password or just accepting the transaction.

2) TOUCH AND CONFIRM

Linking two NFC-enabled devices to enable peer to peer

transfer of data.

A latest development is that NFC can be used to configure Wi-Fi

networks through mobile devices.

3) TOUCH AND CONNECT

The key feature that led to the development of this technology is defining an organization’s mobile commerce business strategies.The NFC based mobile devices and contactless credit cards can

engage with PoS devices, to enable contactless payments.Enables the users to buy the selected product or service with

their M-wallet account, using NFC. Security is an important and integral part of the mobile commerce

transaction processing model, so we have mobile transaction processing solution framework to ensure end-to-end security of

the sensitive data using strong encryption across all paths of the transactions.

The point to point encryption practice is known to reduce the scope of PCI-DSS assessment and hence P2PE encryption

practices are widely being used for security of card holder data.

M-COMMERCE

CARRY YOUR WORLD AROUND

High convenience to the user, because the data exchange is done just by bringing two mobiles together.

Reduces cost of electronic issuance .Secure communication.

No special software. No manual configuration and settings.

No search and pair procedure.NFC can be used together with existing technologies like

Bluetooth and thus act for longer range also.NFC uses are practically limitless.

ADVANTAGES OF NFC

The system has the limitation that it can be operated only with devices under a short range i.e. around 10 cm.

The data transfer rate is very less at about 106kbps, 212 kbps and 424kbps.

EavesdroppingData Corruption and Manipulation

Theft

DISADVANTAGES OF NFC

Use secure channel (so that only the authorized device could decode the encrypted information).

Some NFC devices “listen” for data corruption attacks and prevent them before they have a chance to get up and

running. Use Active – Passive modes with encrypted keys (this means one device receives info and the other sends it

instead of both devices receiving and passing information). Keeping phones password protected.

COUNTER MEASURES

SOME DEVICES USING NFC TECHNOLOGY

New generations of iPhone, iPod and iPad products would reportedly be equipped with NFC capability which would enable small-scale monetary

transactions. On May 2, 2011, RIM announced the Blackberry Bold 9900, a new device

that will use NFC technology. Recently, Microsoft announced that all Windows Phone 8 devices will make

use of the NFC technology.

FUTURE OF NFC

Mobile handsets are the primary target for NFC and soon NFC will be implemented in most handheld devices.

The advancements in mobile wireless technology and communication standards have enabled usage of contactless

and NFC based payment models.The mobile wallet based payment model is gaining

considerable momentum and is currently being seen as one of the key payment model, to promote contactless payment

processing practices.The mobile wallet technology enables the end-users to make payments with their mobile wallet accounts, without having to use credit or debit cards and hence this technology can

also help users that do not use credit or debit cards.

CONCLUSION

THANK YOU!!!