neoclassicism and romanticism
Post on 13-Jan-2017
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• Mon: Pierot, Italian and English Rococo – Turn in Ch. 19-20 French Baroque and Rococo
– 672-680: Neoclassical Painting
• Tuesday: 681-689 (Skip Neoclassical Theater)
• Neoclassical Sculpture and Architecture
• Wednesday: 690-699
– Romanticism: Goya, Gros, Gericault, Delacroix
• Thursday: 700-711
– Daumier, Rousseau, Millet
– English Romanticism: Constable, Turner
• Friday: 716-721: US and Italian R.
• Saturday: 724-733: Neo-Gothic-Empire Style
• Sunday: 734-737: Intro to Photography
• 1750-1850 • Competing theories:
– Movement Counter-Movement – Regional differences – Continuation/evolution – Singular with subtle aspects
• Neoclassicism: Revival of classical antiquity within its proper context – Unlike Rococo and other
classicisms – Based on Enlightenment Ideals – Main philosopher: Winklemann
• Romanticism: Emphasis on the swaying emotions of the natural world, themes of heroism, the heart, transcendence and nostalgia for the past.
• The Enlightenment (1650-1700)
– Emphasis on reason over superstition
– Upholds man’s freedom of will and basic populist rights
– Mechanical arts and sciences
• Turns attention away from aristocracy and religion “back to the ancients”
• American Revolution (1776-1781) – 13 British colonies breaking free from
Britain
– Rejection of oligarchies
– Support of republicanism and democratically-elected government
• French Revolution (1789) – Radical social upheaval
– The storming of the Bastille and destruction of monarchy
– Feudal, aristocratic and religious privileges taken away
– Equality, citizenship, and inalienable rights
• German art historian (1717-1768)
• Hellenist who divided Greek, Greco-Roman, and Roman art – Discovering the stylistic
differences of Rome and Greece
• Influential in Archeology and Art History – First to practice excavations for
the sake of study
– First to chronicle art back from Egypt to present day.
• "noble simplicity and quiet grandeur"
• French philosopher, art critic, and writer (1713-1784) – Enlightenment thinker in
the continuation of the French Academy
– Resurrecting Poussinistes theory after Rococo
• First to create a comprehensive knowledge book known as the “Encyclopedie”
• Neo-Poussinist Painter (1748-1825) accomplishes the standard for Neoclassicism – Develops his style in Rome
(find the inspiration) – Active in the Revolution – Blends classical themes
with modern Enlightenment thinking and repose.
• “To give a body and a perfect form to one's thought, this - and only this - is to be an artist.”
Jacques-Louis David. The Death of Marat. 1793. Oil on canvas, 165 x 128.3 cm. Musees Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgiquc, Brussels
Aidez-moi, ma chère amie
Benjamin West. The Death of General Wolfe. 1770. Oil on canvas, 151 x 213.7 cm. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
John Singleton Copley. Watson and the Shark. 1778. Oil on canvas, 182.9 x 229.2 cm. Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
• If your mind was a flower, what would it look like and why? Create six analogies between your mind and the parts of a flower. Be Creative!
• Draw the flower and label it.
George Stubbs. Lion Attacking a Horse. 1770. Oil on canvas, 102 x 127.6 cm. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut
• “For art is only perfect when it looks like nature and nature succeeds only when she conceals laten art. “
– Longinus, “on the Sublime”
• What is the Sublime? – That sense of awe you
have when witnessing the beautiful OTHERNESS of nature.
– Yet, the lingering sense BELONGING we innately have to the natural world
• Development of the “English Garden”
“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.” ~Wordsworth
Write a 4 line poem about the following work. EC for more lines. Free Associate and write without thinking.
• What is Picturesque? – The poetic framing of idyllic
landscapes to heighten the “latent art” of the natural, untamed world.
– Connected to the sublime as the outcropping of experience
• Kant compares genius to the natural teleology of vegetation (why important?)
Alexander Cozens. Landscape, from A New Method of Assisting the Invention in Drawing Original Composition of Landscape, 1784-86. Aquatint. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
• Ideals of NeoC. Are represented distinctly in sculpture. Why?
• Houdin (1741-1828) – Growing demand for
portrait busts
– Use of Plaster to save on material costs
– Focus on character individuality and Enlightenment grandeur
• Palladian Revival (1715) – Pedimental facades
– Square, simple proportions
– Octagonal domes
– Development of “English Gardens”
• French Rationalist Movement (1706-1760s) – Stolid utility of form
– Stripping away of unnecessary use of classical décor
– Reaction against nostalgia for Louis XIV
Lord Burlington and William Kent. Chiswick House, near Lond. Begun 1725
• With the Enlightenment of rationality comes a liberation of what?
– How is this connected to our ideas of the mind as flower and “English Garden”?
• 1790’s fascination with medieval tales of adventure
– The “gothic” past becomes part of the swriling nostalgia of romantics
• Romantics (1800-1860) acclaimed:
– A “return to nature”
– Unbounded, wild and ever changing
– The disappearance of evil through the free reign of natural impulse
– Liberty, power, love, violence, classical civilization, the Middle Ages
– Emotion itself as devotion
• Come forth into the light of things, let nature be your teacher.
• How does the Meadow flower its bloom unfold? Because the lovely little flower is free down to its root, and in that freedom bold.
• Art is Emotion recollected in tranquility
• Spain is not producing artists of note, and many reject the Rococo of France and Rome.
• Goya becomes interested in Enlightenment values – Despite being painter to
the king in 1799, he did not sympathize with the ruling monarch
– Neo-Baroque style ushering in the painterly Romantic movement
Francisco Goya. The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, 1798 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
• Intaglio printmaking technique
– Copper or zince plate that is etched
– Application of acid to produce the marks
– Rosin is applied to the background to develop mid-grey tonalities
Francisco Goya, The Third of May, 1808, The Shootings at Mount Principio Outside Madrid, oil on canvas, 1814 (Museo del Prado, Madrid)
The Colossus 1808-12 (120 kB); Oil on canvas, 45 3/4 x 41 1/4 in; Museo del Prado, Madrid
Saturn Devouring His Son Oil on plaster transferred to canvas, 4' 9 1/8" x 2' 8 5/8"; Prado, Madrid
• Early Romantic Painter who develops an intensity of emotion through man’s interaction with nature – Often depicting military
portraits and themes in early works
– Through action of horses in Versailles, became interested in emotion and anatomy
– Late work is enamored with subjects including asylum patients and history of suffering
Théodore Géricault, Raft of the Medusa, oil on canvas, 193 x 282 inches, 1818-19 (Musée du Louvre, Paris)
• Last of the neo-classical painters – but actually working in a neo-
baroque or “romantic classical” style
• Poussinistes History painter – Actually works as a
rubenesque genre painter of emotion
• Cognitive dissonance? – The debate of color and
design may be just hemispheric differences of art. Remember…MIND FLOWER
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, La Grande Odalisque, 1814, Oil on canvas, 36" x 63" (91 x 162 cm), (Musée du Louvre, Paris)
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