neologisms in the 21st century - termcoord · 1. language change in the 21st century an especially...
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Neologisms in
the 21st Century
Kerry Maxwell
1. Language change in the 21st century
An especially interesting period in the history of
language change – why?
The Internet
Huge repository of language data
Global
Dynamic
→ an unprecedented explosion in the invention and spread of
new words
2. Language change in society
As society changes, language changes….
1. Technology
dial-up → broadband
WiFi .... LiFi
podcast
QR code
2. Leisure/Entertainment
zorbing, tombstoning
planking
staycation, 4-D
blog, tweet
3. The Environment
green?
footprint
+ carbon, reduce, calculator
cookprint
4. Electronic Communication
BTW, IOW, OH
hat tip, HT
facepalm, LOL
3. Creating New words
Brand-spanking new?
sandwich
google (verb)
stepford (adjective)
Zumba (noun)
Word formation principles
use existing forms - creatively
recognizable spelling, pronunciation, meaning…
survival of the fittest
4. Re-use, recycle
web, surf, virus, window
Conversion
text (verb), friend (verb), medal (verb)
Which are the core senses?
browse, browser
breadcrumb, baguette
mosquito
troll
occupy
5. Two are better than one…
Compounding
Closed
crowdfunding
Open
gas sipper
gas sipper
gas guzzler
slow food
fast food
voice lift
face lift
read dating, speed friending
speed dating
hand-me-up
hand-me-down
drug driver
drink driver
global dimming
global warming
pay-as-you-throw
pay-as-you-go
swine flu
bird flu, avian flu
set-jetting
jet-setting
metathesis
6. Mixing and Matching
Blends (‘portmanteau’ words)
Blend parts of words
framily
kangatarian
Blend whole words and parts of words
staycation
chillax
flexitarian
babymoon
upcycling
locavore
glamping
manny
bustitution
cosmeceuticals
voluntourist
clickprint
smirting
sofalising
greenwash
pineberry
7. Cutting and pasting
Affixation
Use familiar prefixes and suffixes
re-, -ology
Put them in new places
rewind, recalculate
regift
debaptism
unfollow
xenotransplantation
hypnosurgery
overvote
trolleyology
singlism
bouncebackability
hopemonger
8. Go forth and multiply
Derivations
googler, googleable, ungoogleable, googleability
Agent nouns
drug driving/drug driver
greentailing/greentailer
set jetting/set jetter
regifting/regifter
9. Keep it brief
Abbreviations
VHS→DVD→HD
VOIP
SEO
H5N1
Acronyms
BOGOF/bogof
RINO, DINO
WAG
FOMO
wilfing
What was I looking for?
skier
Spend the kids inheritance
Clipping
weblog
blog
application
app
10. Something borrowed…
borrowing, loan words.
tsunami
sudoku
wiki
vuvuzela
borrow and blend…
smushi
sushi + smørrebrød
English? – OMG!
Economy
BFN, CUL
BF, GF ab, abt b/c
POV
Non-verbal becomes
verbal
LOL, SMH
facepalm
Operational context
AFK, PAW, IRL
pwned
Online exposure
OMG
OMGish
oh em gee
“I’ll leave it to the horserace pundits to decide who
won tonight’s debate and to the voters to decide
who will win the election. I know who lost: Jim
Lehrer, PBS, old media and the myth of the
“sensible center.” Tonight’s moderator, Jim Lehrer,
got utterly, totally, savagely pwned.”
The Nation, 4th October 2012
A global influence
lingua franca, language of
the Internet
Transliteration
IMXO
(Russian, = IMHO)
eko-turizam
(Serbian, = eco-tourism)
metrosessuale, googlare
(Italian = metrosexual, google v.)
blogosfeer, speeddaten
(Dutch = blogosphere, speed dating)
Adoption
Italian
speeddating
lo zorbing, il Web
Polish
DVD
Adaption
Dutch
babycrash
fairshoppen
(fair trade + shopping)
Macmillan Dictionaries ‘Buzzword’
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
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