nervous system at class vertebrae
Post on 14-Oct-2014
84 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Nervous System at class vertebrae
Kharis Subkhan4401410010
The Pisces Nervous System
The fish have a brain, spinal cord and numerous nerves like other vertebrates
Fish also possess olfactory sacs (with nostrils) for smelling
Taste buds are located in the mouth, lips, barbels and skin
The eyes are structured slightly differently In humans, the lens changes shape for
focusing on items In fish, the position of the lens changes like in
a camera
In some sharks, the eye is covered by a nictitating membrane that covers the eye – this clear membrane helps these predators protect the eye, especially during feeding
Incidentally, this membrane is also seen in some reptiles
All fish rely heavily on the lateral line system
The lateral line is a series of pores and canals lined with cells called neuromasts that are specialized to detect vibrations
These vibrations can indicate a predator or prey or the position of other fish in a school
The Amphibi Nervous System The frog brain is more
complex than the fish brain, enabling the frog to contend with a more varied environment.
The optic lobes, which control vision, lie behind the cerebrum.
The cerebellum, a small band of tissue lying at right angles to the long axis of the brain, is the center of balance and coordination.
Copyright Cmassengale
The medulla oblongata lies at the back of the brain and joins the spinal cord. It controls organ functions.
Ten pairs of cranial nerves extend out directly from the brain.
The spinal cord transmits signals from all parts of the body to the brain and from the brain back to the body.
The spinal nerves branch from the spinal cord to various parts of the body. Copyright Cmassengale
Characteristics of Reptiles—Nervous System
Brain is similar in size to an amphibian of similar size
Greater complexity than amphibian
Larger cerebrum—control and integration of behavior
Large optic lobes—good vision
Characteristics of Reptiles—Nervous System continued
Tympanum and columella
Snakes lack the tympanum Detect sound via
vibration Sounds transmit to
the columella through the jawbone
Characteristics of Reptiles—Nervous System continued
Jacobson’s organ Specialized sense
organ located in the roof of the mouth
Sensitive to smell Forked tongue
gathers odors and transmits to organ
Not present in crocodiles and most turtles
Characteristics of Reptiles—Nervous System continued
Pit vipers Heat sensitive organs or
pits on head Pits are located below
each eye Used to determine
direction and distance to prey
Aves Nervous System
Birds have well developed cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum (important for coordinating movement & balance), and optic lobes.
Nervous and Sensory System
Need well developed brain Cerebral hemispheres,
cerebellum and optic lobes
Cerebral cortex less developed
Cerebellum coordinates Muscle position Equilibrium Visual clues All necessary for
movement and balance Poor sense of smell and
taste (carnivorous, flightless, oceanic and waterfowl have good tasting ability
Hearing good External ear Middle ear Inner ear Basic arrangement of
mammals
Nervous system Birds large eyes are located near the sides of
its head, giving a bird a wide field of vision Birds with eyes near the front of the head have
better binocular vision Hearing important to nocturnal species that
rely on sounds to help them locate prey Birds lack internal ears-ear canal leads to a
tympanic membrane, called an eardrum Sense of smell is poorly developed except in
ducks and flightless birds Sense of taste helps birds avoid bitter-tasting
or toxic foods
Mamall Nervous SystemBig Brains:
A mammals brain is at least 15X heavier than a similarly sized fish, amphibian or reptile.
Humans, other primates, and whales have the biggest brains due mostly to the size of the cerebrum which is
folded for max surface area. The cerebrum evaluates input from the sense organs, controls
movement, initiates and regulates behavior, and functions in memory and learning.
Senses: Major senses include vision, hearing, smell, touch
& taste. Some animals are more developed in some
senses: exampleMost bats, which are active at night, use echolocation to locate prey and other objects.
Nervous System of Mammals
Consists of 2 parts: Central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord)
Peripheral nervous system(cranial nerves from brain, spinal nerves from spinal cord, sense organs)
4 UR TIMEThank you
top related