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Network Architecture for
Virtual Network Appliances
Tadashi Okoshi
89831191, slash@mag.keio.ac.jp
Hideyuki Tokuda LaboratoryDigital Media Infrastructure Software Project
Research Abstract
Application Layer Network (ALN) Focuses on the home appliances network Approach in the application layer of network
Provides… Communication transparency
through heterogeneous network architectures
Communication continuity across relocation of hosts and applications
Application
App(a)App(a) App(b)App(b)
HeterogeneousHosts and Networks
App(b)App(b)Relocation
Heterogeneous Communication
MobileCommunication
Contents 1.Background
Network Appliance VNA
2.Network Architecture for VNA Characteristics & Issues
3.ALN Architecture Application Layer Approach Architecture Design Detail of Mobile Communication
4.Evaluation 5.Conclusion and Future Work
1.Research Background:Network Appliance
Network Appliance Appliance with the functionalities of
collaborative behavior through its network connectivity.
Factors Small-size and powerful processor Wired/wireless network technologies
Network Appliances
Cellular Phonewith Internet Connectivity
Digital Camerawith Network Connectivity
Digital Video CameraWith A/V Network Connection
Microwavewith Network Connectivity
© Cannon
© NTT DoCoMo
© Sony © Sharp
Piconet(Embedded Wireless)
IrDA(Infrared)
Ethernet(LAN)
USB(PC Devices)
IEEE1394(A/V Devices)
WaveLAN(Wireless LAN)
Example Host with Multiple Network Interfaces
Ethernet(LAN)
USB(PC Devices)
IrDA(Infrared)
IEEE1394(A/V Devices)
© Sony
Combinational use ofthe numerous appliances
on the network
Network
1.Research Background:Virtual Network Appliance (VNA)
Achieves combinational use based on functional components of the appliances
Combination is abstracted as Virtual Network Appliance (VNA)
Ex. “Virtual VCR” VNA Audio/Video data play-back
Room(A) Room(B)
Room(C)
“Virutal VCR” VNA
Data ReaderData Reader
Video PlayerVideo Player
Audio PlayerAudio Player
2.Research Focus:Network for VNA Architecture
(1) Characteristics Heterogeneity of connecting hosts Heterogeneity of network
architectures Mobility
(2) Issues
22 ℃
36 ℃
Digital A/V Network (e.g. IEEE1394)
Embedded Wireless Network (e.g. Piconet)
LAN (e.g. Ethernet)
Sensor Network(e.g. RS-232C)
Bluetooth
IrDA
IEEE1394
USB, IrDA, IEEE1394, Ethernet
Mobile Hosts and Equipments
Network (A)
Network (B)
MobileHost(A)
Host(B)
Host(A)
B
Relocation(User)
A
App(b)
App(a)
BB
App(c)
A
Relocation(Host)
MobileHost(A)
A
App(b)
App(a)
Relocation(Application)
App(a)
2.Research Focus:Network Architecture for VNA (1) Characteristics (2) Issues
Applications’… Communication transparency
through the coexisting multiple network architectures
Communication continuity across the relocation of hosts and applications
3.Proposed System:Application Layer Network (ALN) Network architecture built on the
transport layer Goal
Communication Transparency Communication Continuity
Functionalities Heterogeneous Communication Mobile Communication
Exploits “Application Layer Approach”
SessionLayer
ApplicationLayer
PresentationLayer
ApplicationLayer
Physical
Datalink
Network
Transport
Layer 5
Layer 6
Layer 7
ISO OSI Reference Model The Internet (TCP/IP) Model
TCP/UDP/IP
EthernetIEEE802.3
WirelessIEEE802.11
IEEE1394 IrDA
Etc…
Application Layer Network (ALN)
Application
Layers
Features of Application Layer Approach
Communication transparency Applicability for diverse Layer1-4 networks
by Zero-Modification for Layer1-4 protocols
⇒ Characteristic: Heterogeneity of networks Simplified and Minimized Mechanisms
by using functionalities of Layer1-4 protocols
⇒ Characteristic: Heterogeneity of hosts (Especially for those with limited capability i.e., PDAs, Home appliances)
Features of Application Layer Approach
Communication continuity Achieve {Virtual Circuit, Datagram}
communication continuityby using Layer-4 transport protocols
Friendliness with applicationapplicable for mobile applications and agents ⇒ characteristics: Mobility
Applicability for diverse Layer1-4 networksby Zero-Modification for Layer1-4 protocols(Continuity across the heterogeneous networks)
⇒ characteristics: Heterogeneity of networks
Features of Application Layer Approach
High Portability Zero modification for Layer1-4
protocols Implementation with code
segmentation Platform Independent Subsystem Platform dependent Subsystem
Architecture & Functionalities
2 Layers in ALN HCL
- Communication Transparency- Provides comm. transport which is independent of layer1-4.
MCL- Communication Continuity- Provides comm. interface which is continuous across the relocation of communication endpoint.
ALNALN
HeterogeneousCommunication Layer (HCL)
Layer1 ~ 4
Applications
…Heterogeneous Network Architectures
Network(a)
Mobile Communication Layer (MCL)
Network(b)
Network(c)
…
Ap
plica
tion
La
yer
Architecture and Functionalities
2 Layers in ALN HCL
- Communication Transparency- Provides comm. transport which is independent of layer1-4.- Application can communicate without being aware of the heterogeneous layer1- 4 networks.
MCL
ALNALN
HeterogeneousCommunication Layer (HCL)
Layer1 ~ 4
Applications
…Heterogeneous Network Architectures
Network(a)
Mobile Communication Layer (MCL)
Network(b)
Network(c)
…
Ap
plica
tion
La
yer
Architecture and Functionalities
ALNALN
HeterogeneousCommunication Layer (HCL)
Layer1 ~ 4
Applications
…Heterogeneous Network Architectures
Network(a)
Mobile Communication Layer (MCL)
Network(b)
Network(c)
…
Ap
plica
tion
La
yer
2 Layers in ALN HCL MCL
- Communication Continuity- Provides comm. transport which is continuous across the relocation of communication endpoint.- Application can communicate continuously after the relocation.
ALN-Heterogeneous Communication Layer (HCL)
IrLAP
IrLMP
IrTTP
IrDA TCP/IP IEEE1394
Application
ALN-HCL
IrLAP
IrLMP
IrTTP
Ethernet
IP
TCP/UDP
Ethernet
IP
TCP/UDP
Datalink
1394
1394 Trans
Datalink
1394
1394 Trans
Host(1) Host(2) Host(3) Host(4)
L4
L3
L2
L1
L5
PalmPalm
Communication between Applications
Communication Endpoint Identifier
Routing/Connection Redirecting
Interface for Applications
Host Addressing
HCL Design (1) Host Addressing
ALN-HostAddress for each host Allocated by hand Ex. “VAIO-Server-Dad”
Communication Endpoint ID (ALN-HostAddress, ALN-PortName) Port guarantees uniqueness inside a host Ex. (“VAIO-Server-Dad”, “VODServer”)
Routing Interface to Applications
HCL Design (2)
Routing Reactive routing protocols for Ad-hoc
Network Interface to Applications
Virtual Circuit Datagram
ALN-Mobile Communication Layer (MCL)
IrDA TCP/IP IEEE1394
ALN-HCL
Host(1) Host(2) Host(3) Host(4)
L5
L4
L1
PalmPalm
Communication between Applications
ALN-MCL
…
BBAA A’A’
Relocation
Connection Switching
Guarantee of Byte Stream Consistency
Interface for Applications
MCL Design & Mechanisms Connection Switch
Dynamic Socket Switching (DSS) Byte Stream Consistency Support
For Virtual Circuit Communication Retainment Application Layer Window (ALW) Retransmit of the data in ALW after the relocation
Interface for Applications MobileSocket interface Applications can use one persistent
MobileSocket connection even after the relocation of communication endpoint
EstablishedEstablishedImplicitlySuspendedImplicitly
SuspendedExplicitly
SuspendedExplicitly
Suspended
ClosedClosedConnected to Server (DSS-EstablishmentPhase(Client) )
Connected from Client (DSS-EstablishmentPhase(Server) )
Lost IP address
Get IP address (Reconnect to CH, DSS-
ImplicitResume Phase)
Reconnected from MH(DSS-ImplicitResume Phase)
Called suspend()suspend() (send SUSPEND_SIGNAL, DSS-ExplicitSuspend Phase)
Called resume()resume() (Reconnect to CH, DSS- ExplicitResume Phase)
reconnected from MH(DSS-ExplicitResume Phase)
received SUSPEND_SIGNAL (DSS-ExplicitSuspend Phase)
DataSocket broken-pipe
Reconnected from MH(DSS-ImplicitResume Phase)
Called close()close()(close connection)
Called close()close()or timedout
(close connection)
Called close()close()(close connection)
Called close()close()(close connection)
Called close()close()or timedout
(close connection)
Normal Transitions for CHNormal Transitions for MH
Normal Transitions for ClientNormal Transitions for Server
Transition trigger(action)
START POINTSTART POINT
StateState
ClientClient ServerServerDataDataSocketSocket
ControlControlSocketSocket
connectconnect accept()accept()
ControlSocket port, AuthenticationSEED1
accept()accept()connect()
ACK
AuthenticationSEED1
DS
S-E
sta
blis
hm
ent
Ph
as
e
RedirectionRedirectionServSocketServSocket
RedirectionServer port, Next_SEED
Data
ALW ACK
DataDataSocketSocket
ControlControlSocketSocket
RedirectionRedirectionServSocketServSocket
CreateCreateSocketSocket
CreateCreateSocketSocket
CreateCreateSocketSocket
CreateCreateSocketSocket
ControlSocket
connect() accept()
ACK, ControlSocket port, AuthenticationSEED3
accept()connect()
ACK
AuthenticationSEED3
DS
S-I
mp
licit
Re
su
me
Ph
as
eRedirectionServSocket → DataSocket
RedirectionServer port, Next_SEED
DataSocket
ControlSocket
RedirectionServSocket
NewRedirectionServSocket
Next_SEED
unlock
READ_COUNTER
unACKed Data retransmit
~ disconnected ~lose IP
get IP
CreateSocket
CreateSocket
CreateSocket
CreateSocket
ControlSocket
connect() accept()
ACK, ControlSocket port, AuthenticationSEED3
accept()connect()
ACK
AuthenticationSEED3
DS
S-I
mp
licit
Re
su
me
Ph
as
eRedirectionServSocket → DataSocket
RedirectionServer port, Next_SEED
DataSocket
ControlSocket
RedirectionServSocket
Mobile HostMobile Host Correspondent HostCorrespondent HostNewRedirectionServSocket
Next_SEED
unlockunlock
READ_COUNTER
unACKed Data retransmit
~ disconnected ~lose IPlose IP
get IPget IP
CreateSocket
CreateSocket
CreateSocket
CreateSocket
Prototype Implementation ALN-HCL
Platform: Linux-2.2.13 Language: C Network: TCP/IP, IrDA, Serial+Mux Server & Library
ALN-MCL Language: Java1.1 Jp.ac.keio.sfc.ht.mobilesocket Class
Library MobileSocket (TCP Mobile Socket) MobileDatagramSocket (UDP Mobile Socket)
Client SocketServerSocket
L1-4 Interfaces (Library)
Main Thread
Route Manager
Routing Table
ALN-Port Manager
Port Table
Internal Server th.
Internal Server Child th.s
Networks
Route Exchanger th.
Connection RedirectorParent th.
ConnectionRedirectorChild th.Connection Redirectors
ClientApplication
ServerApplication
ConnectionServer th.s
L1-4 (unix_serial) Multiplexer
L1-4 (unix_ip) L1-4 (linux_irda) L1-4 (internal_unix)
Socket(AF_INET) Socket(AF_IRDA) Device File
TCP/IP
Ethernet
IrTTP/LMP/LAP
IrPHY
Com Port
Serial
Socket(AF_UNIX)
IPC
ALN-HCL-Server Application
libHCL
ALN Transport Interface
Kern
el
User
Level
ALN-MCL Implementation User-level library implementation in Java Compatible with standard Java1.1 Socket
API Additional methods for explicit connection
redirection: suspend() and resume() Mobility notification event:
MobilityEvent Applicable to mobile applications
MobileSocket library itself can migrate with applications with Java Object Serialization mechanism
MobileSocketfor Mobile Applications
“Serializable” MobileSocket classfor Mobile Applications and Agents
AppBAppB
Host-B
Host-A
AppAAppA
AppA’ObjectSerialization
MSockA (SocketX)
MSockA (SocketY)
Host-C
4.Evaluations
Comparisons with related works based on other approaches (1) Communication
transparency (2) Communication continuity
Related Approaches
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Datalink Layer
Physical LayerL1
L2
L3
L4
L5 ALN, Proxies, GIOP
IP-Masquerade
NAT, IP over x
CommunicationTransparency
CommunicationContinuity
ALN, MSOCKS
TCP-R
Mobile IP
Comparisons
(1) Communication Transparency
ALN-HCL IP ApproachComm.Transparency Heterogeneous Network Applicable Applicable Scalability limited globalMechanism Code Size small large Portability high low Adoption for New net. easy difficult
Further Functionality Internet Access possible originalProcessing at Intermediate Hosts suitable not suitable
Comparisons
(1) Communication Continuity
MobileIP TCP-R MSOCKS MCLComm.Continuity Virtual Circuit Comm. Limited OK Limited OK Datagram Comm. OK OK OK OK
Implementation Layer3 Layer4 Layer5 Layer5
Modification for necessary necessary necessary unnecessaryLayer1-4 Protocols
Optional Software HA, FA - Proxy -
Mobile Application No No No YesSupport
5.Conclusion Network environment for VNA
Heterogeneity of hosts and networks Mobility
ALN provides Communication transparency Communication continuity for applications
Application layer approach Applicability for heterogeneous hosts and
networks Enables both virtual circuit and datagram
communication continuity Simplified and minimized implementation Effective for mobile applications or agents
Future Work
Communication transparency Optimization of Implementation QoS-aware transport for applications Application layer functionalities at the
intermediate hosts (i.e., Accounting, Active processing)
Communication continuity Disconnected operation
with application-side customization
Publications Okoshi, T., Tobe, Y. and Tokuda, H.: MobileSocket: Library based
Continuous Operation Support for Java Applications, 第 2 回プログラミングおよび応用のシステムに関するワークショップ (SPA‘99), 日本ソフトウエア科学会 (1999).
Okoshi, T., Mochizuki, M., Tobe, Y. and Tokuda, H.: MobileSocket: Toward Continuous Operation for Java Applications, In Proceedings of IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), IEEE Communication Society, pp. 50-57 (1999).
Okoshi, T., Mochizuki, M., Tobe, Y. and Tokuda, H.: MobileSocket: Session Layer Continuous Operation Support for Java Applications, 情報処理学会論文誌 , Vol.40, No.6, pp.2573-2584 (2000).
大越匡 , 中澤仁 , 田村陽介 , 望月祐洋 , 戸辺義人 , 西尾信彦 , 徳田英幸 : VNA :仮想情報家電の実現へ向けて , 第 59 回情報処理学会全国大会 (1999).
中澤仁 , 大越匡 , 望月祐洋 , 徳田英幸 : VNA 構築用ライブラリの設計と実装 , 第 59 回情報処理学会全国大会 (1999).
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