networking

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Networking conceptsNetworking concepts

By

Robin Kapoor, 47

Sourabh Garg, 60

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MeaningMeaning

Connection between two or more things is known as networking

Connection between two or more computers is computer networking

Computer networks also involves other electronic and digital devices

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Networking BenefitsNetworking BenefitsNetworking Enables: Information

Sharing

Hardware and Software Sharing

Centralized Administration

and Support

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Roles of Computers in a Roles of Computers in a NetworkNetwork Mail ServerMail Server

Database ServerDatabase Server

DatabaseDatabase

Fax ServerFax Server

File and Print ServerFile and Print Server

Directory Services Directory Services ServerServer

Client Computer

Mail ServerMail Server

Database ServerDatabase Server

DatabaseDatabase

Fax ServerFax Server

File and Print ServerFile and Print Server

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Types of NetworksTypes of NetworksPeer-to-Peer

Client-Server

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Scope of NetworksScope of Networks

Local Area Network

Wide Area Network

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Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks

a. Bus topologyb. Ring topology

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Metropolitan Area NetworksMetropolitan Area Networks

A metropolitan area network based on cable TV.

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Wide Area NetworksWide Area Networks

Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.

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Wide Area Networks (2)Wide Area Networks (2)

A stream of packets from sender to receiver.

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Wireless networksWireless networks

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Wireless NetworksWireless Networks

Categories of wireless networks:

Wireless LANsWireless WANs

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Wireless Networks (2)Wireless Networks (2)

(a) Bluetooth (b) Wireless LAN

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TopologiesTopologies

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Bus TopologyBus Topology

Terminator

SegmentSegment

Terminator

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Star TopologyStar Topology

Hub

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Ring TopologyRing Topology

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Mesh TopologyMesh Topology

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Hybrid TopologiesHybrid TopologiesStar-Bus Bus

Star-Ring

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Devices for networkingDevices for networking

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EthernetEthernet

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescriptionDescriptionDescription

Access MethodAccess Method CSMA/CDCSMA/CD

Transfer SpeedTransfer SpeedStandard Ethernet – 10 MbpsFast Ethernet – 100 MbpsGigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)

Standard Ethernet – 10 MbpsFast Ethernet – 100 MbpsGigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)

Collision DetectionCarrier Sense Multiple Access

Detects signalTransmits signal Collision detected

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Network CablesNetwork CablesTypes of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of Cables

Coaxial ThinNetThickNet10Base2, 10Base5

Fiber-Optics

Twisted-PairUnshielded (UTP)Shielded (STP)10BaseT

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Wireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication Devices

Wireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication Devices

Narrowband Radio Transmission

Infrared Transmission

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Repeaters and HubsRepeaters and HubsRepeater

Transmits data to all connected computers

HubTransmits data to all connected computers in a star topology

Repeater

Hub

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BridgesBridges

Bridge

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SwitchesSwitches

Switch

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RoutersRouters

RouterRouter

RouterRouter

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GatewaysGateways

Ethernet

Token Ring

Gateway

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Infrared Data Association (IrDA)

Wireless Communication by Using IrDA

Windows Client

Mouse

Laptop

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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

Application LayerApplication LayerApplication LayerApplication Layer

Presentation LayerPresentation LayerPresentation LayerPresentation Layer

Session LayerSession LayerSession LayerSession Layer

Transport LayerTransport LayerTransport LayerTransport Layer

Network LayerNetwork LayerNetwork LayerNetwork Layer

Data Link LayerData Link LayerData Link LayerData Link Layer

Physical LayerPhysical LayerPhysical LayerPhysical Layer

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Some other facts about networkingSome other facts about networking

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IP Address ClassesIP Address Classes

ww xx yy zz

Class A Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

Class B Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

Class C Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

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IP AddressesIP Addresses

192.168.1.0192.168.1.0 192.168.3.0192.168.3.0

192.168.1.100192.168.1.100 192.168.2.101192.168.2.101

192.168.2.100192.168.2.100 192.168.3.100192.168.3.100

192.168.2.0192.168.2.0

192.168.1.100192.168.1.100IPAddress

Host IDHost ID

Network IDNetwork ID

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The InternetThe Internet

Client

Connection UsingTCP/IP Protocol

Internet

Server

Text, Audio, Video, and Graphics Data

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Internet ServicesInternet Services

Internet

Electronic Mail (e-mail)World Wide Web (WWW)Chat Internet NewsFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)Telnet

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IntranetsIntranets

Intranet

Extranet

Internet

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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

URL (http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html)– Protocol used (http://)– DNS address (example.microsoft.com)– Path on the server

(/tutorial/default.html)

http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.htmlhttp://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html

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Internet ProtocolsInternet Protocols

Internet

HTTPHTTPSFTPSMTPHTMLDHTML

Server

Data

Client

Connection Using anInternet Protocol

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Proxy ServersProxy Servers

Internet

Proxy Server

AuthorizedWeb Site

Restricted Web Site

LAN

LAN

LAN

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FirewallsFirewalls

LAN

LAN

LAN

Internet

Firewall

AuthorizedUser

Unauthorized User

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Thank YouThank You