new light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction
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New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacity
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lecturer
Department of Highway and Railway EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and Economics
Budapest ndash Hungary
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 2
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Introduction
In-situ assessment of earthworks and subgrade materials in Hungary
1) Degree of compaction
ndash
ndash rarr modified Proctor-testndash In-situ testing rarr nuclear density test
Generally prescribed values 85 90 95 sometimes 97 ()
2) Bearing capacity
ndash (still exclusively) static plate load test (E2)
Generally prescribed values - 20-25 Nmm2 on subsoil- 55-60 Nmm2 under pavement structure
[]ρρT
maxd
drρ =
maxdρ
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 3
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Introduction
Pavement design
bdquoCatalogue designrdquo
based on
- Type of subgrade material- Thickness of base course layer- Traffic data
(number of passing axle load)
Assuming that the required bearingcapacity of subgrade is reached
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 4
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Development of a new light-weight device
BampC(bdquoBearing capacity and Compactionrdquo)
Developed by
ANDREAS Ltd(Hungary)
Mr ISTVAacuteN SUBERT
andreasandreashuwwwandreashu
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 5
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Development of a new light-weight device
Basic similaritiesbull Same applied dynamic load (707 kN)bull Same load pulse time (18plusmn2 ms)bull Calculation of bdquoclassicalrdquo dynamic
stiffness modulus(from the 4th 5th and 6th drops)
Basic differencesbull Plate diameter D = 163 mmbull Selectable Boussinesq plate coefficient
(p2 ndash rigid 2 ndash flexible)
bull Selectable Poissonrsquos ratio(03 ndash granular solis 04 ndash fine grained soils siltyfine sands 05 ndash clayey cohesive soils)
bull Calculation of bdquoterminal dynamicstiffness modulus (characteristic to thecompacted state of the layer) (from the last 3 drops of total 18 drops)
bull Calculation of relative and final degreeof compaction
copyZO
RN
LFWDBampC
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 6
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
1 LFWD rarr Boussinesq plate coefficient set to 2 (flexible)rarr Poissonrsquos ratio set to 040 (bdquoaveragerdquo)
- Allows free selection of these parameters
2 Dynamic load of 707 kN + Load pulse time of 18plusmn2 ms + Plate diameterof D = 163 mm- Contact stress of 030-035 MPa- Calculation of dynamic stiffness modulus (Ed) close to the magnitude
of the static moduli
3 Calculation of bdquoRelative degree of compactionrdquo- 18 drops applied rarr calculation of bdquocompaction curvesrdquo- Applying same compaction work on site as the modified Proctor-test
(at a given moisture content)
bdquoRELATIVE DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Tre )(ie generating a single point of the Proctor-curve on site)
Showing the actual compaction at the given field moisture content
(95 relative degree of compaction means that more rolling should be applied to reach100 compaction at the current moisture content)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 7
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
4 - wopt ndash optimum moisture content rarr 100 degree of compaction- adjust the relative degree of compaction to the optimum
moisture content
- bdquoMOISTURE CORRECTION COEFFICIENTrdquo (Trw)(one point of the bdquonormalizedrdquo Proctor-curve)
Moisture Correction Coefficient Curve
- more Proctor points(min 7 or 8)
- curve fitting forapplicable equation
Mcc Earthwork fine sand M7 y = -00016x2 + 00292x + 08666R2 = 09586
080
085
090
095
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
w
Trw
lt=1
000
)001(ρρ
Tmaxd
idirw le=
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 8
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
5 Measurement of the moisture content of the layer on site(with conventional drying method or by a calibrated electronic device)- Calculation of the moisture correction coefficient
6 Calculation of the bdquoDYNAMIC DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Trd)
Identical to the Degree of Compaction measured by conventionalmethods
(Mathematically proven + strong correlation found based on field measurements)
BasisProctor-method rarr volume of wet soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
darrBampC method rarr dry weight of soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
wopt rarr height of the compacted soil cylinder is the lowestthus the degree of compaction is the highest
difference in cylinder heights = diference is settlements on site (if the applied work is the same)
)T(TTT rρrerwrd =sdot=
Tre
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 2
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Introduction
In-situ assessment of earthworks and subgrade materials in Hungary
1) Degree of compaction
ndash
ndash rarr modified Proctor-testndash In-situ testing rarr nuclear density test
Generally prescribed values 85 90 95 sometimes 97 ()
2) Bearing capacity
ndash (still exclusively) static plate load test (E2)
Generally prescribed values - 20-25 Nmm2 on subsoil- 55-60 Nmm2 under pavement structure
[]ρρT
maxd
drρ =
maxdρ
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 3
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Introduction
Pavement design
bdquoCatalogue designrdquo
based on
- Type of subgrade material- Thickness of base course layer- Traffic data
(number of passing axle load)
Assuming that the required bearingcapacity of subgrade is reached
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 4
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Development of a new light-weight device
BampC(bdquoBearing capacity and Compactionrdquo)
Developed by
ANDREAS Ltd(Hungary)
Mr ISTVAacuteN SUBERT
andreasandreashuwwwandreashu
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 5
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Development of a new light-weight device
Basic similaritiesbull Same applied dynamic load (707 kN)bull Same load pulse time (18plusmn2 ms)bull Calculation of bdquoclassicalrdquo dynamic
stiffness modulus(from the 4th 5th and 6th drops)
Basic differencesbull Plate diameter D = 163 mmbull Selectable Boussinesq plate coefficient
(p2 ndash rigid 2 ndash flexible)
bull Selectable Poissonrsquos ratio(03 ndash granular solis 04 ndash fine grained soils siltyfine sands 05 ndash clayey cohesive soils)
bull Calculation of bdquoterminal dynamicstiffness modulus (characteristic to thecompacted state of the layer) (from the last 3 drops of total 18 drops)
bull Calculation of relative and final degreeof compaction
copyZO
RN
LFWDBampC
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 6
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
1 LFWD rarr Boussinesq plate coefficient set to 2 (flexible)rarr Poissonrsquos ratio set to 040 (bdquoaveragerdquo)
- Allows free selection of these parameters
2 Dynamic load of 707 kN + Load pulse time of 18plusmn2 ms + Plate diameterof D = 163 mm- Contact stress of 030-035 MPa- Calculation of dynamic stiffness modulus (Ed) close to the magnitude
of the static moduli
3 Calculation of bdquoRelative degree of compactionrdquo- 18 drops applied rarr calculation of bdquocompaction curvesrdquo- Applying same compaction work on site as the modified Proctor-test
(at a given moisture content)
bdquoRELATIVE DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Tre )(ie generating a single point of the Proctor-curve on site)
Showing the actual compaction at the given field moisture content
(95 relative degree of compaction means that more rolling should be applied to reach100 compaction at the current moisture content)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 7
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
4 - wopt ndash optimum moisture content rarr 100 degree of compaction- adjust the relative degree of compaction to the optimum
moisture content
- bdquoMOISTURE CORRECTION COEFFICIENTrdquo (Trw)(one point of the bdquonormalizedrdquo Proctor-curve)
Moisture Correction Coefficient Curve
- more Proctor points(min 7 or 8)
- curve fitting forapplicable equation
Mcc Earthwork fine sand M7 y = -00016x2 + 00292x + 08666R2 = 09586
080
085
090
095
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
w
Trw
lt=1
000
)001(ρρ
Tmaxd
idirw le=
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 8
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
5 Measurement of the moisture content of the layer on site(with conventional drying method or by a calibrated electronic device)- Calculation of the moisture correction coefficient
6 Calculation of the bdquoDYNAMIC DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Trd)
Identical to the Degree of Compaction measured by conventionalmethods
(Mathematically proven + strong correlation found based on field measurements)
BasisProctor-method rarr volume of wet soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
darrBampC method rarr dry weight of soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
wopt rarr height of the compacted soil cylinder is the lowestthus the degree of compaction is the highest
difference in cylinder heights = diference is settlements on site (if the applied work is the same)
)T(TTT rρrerwrd =sdot=
Tre
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 3
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Introduction
Pavement design
bdquoCatalogue designrdquo
based on
- Type of subgrade material- Thickness of base course layer- Traffic data
(number of passing axle load)
Assuming that the required bearingcapacity of subgrade is reached
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 4
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Development of a new light-weight device
BampC(bdquoBearing capacity and Compactionrdquo)
Developed by
ANDREAS Ltd(Hungary)
Mr ISTVAacuteN SUBERT
andreasandreashuwwwandreashu
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 5
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Development of a new light-weight device
Basic similaritiesbull Same applied dynamic load (707 kN)bull Same load pulse time (18plusmn2 ms)bull Calculation of bdquoclassicalrdquo dynamic
stiffness modulus(from the 4th 5th and 6th drops)
Basic differencesbull Plate diameter D = 163 mmbull Selectable Boussinesq plate coefficient
(p2 ndash rigid 2 ndash flexible)
bull Selectable Poissonrsquos ratio(03 ndash granular solis 04 ndash fine grained soils siltyfine sands 05 ndash clayey cohesive soils)
bull Calculation of bdquoterminal dynamicstiffness modulus (characteristic to thecompacted state of the layer) (from the last 3 drops of total 18 drops)
bull Calculation of relative and final degreeof compaction
copyZO
RN
LFWDBampC
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 6
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
1 LFWD rarr Boussinesq plate coefficient set to 2 (flexible)rarr Poissonrsquos ratio set to 040 (bdquoaveragerdquo)
- Allows free selection of these parameters
2 Dynamic load of 707 kN + Load pulse time of 18plusmn2 ms + Plate diameterof D = 163 mm- Contact stress of 030-035 MPa- Calculation of dynamic stiffness modulus (Ed) close to the magnitude
of the static moduli
3 Calculation of bdquoRelative degree of compactionrdquo- 18 drops applied rarr calculation of bdquocompaction curvesrdquo- Applying same compaction work on site as the modified Proctor-test
(at a given moisture content)
bdquoRELATIVE DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Tre )(ie generating a single point of the Proctor-curve on site)
Showing the actual compaction at the given field moisture content
(95 relative degree of compaction means that more rolling should be applied to reach100 compaction at the current moisture content)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 7
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
4 - wopt ndash optimum moisture content rarr 100 degree of compaction- adjust the relative degree of compaction to the optimum
moisture content
- bdquoMOISTURE CORRECTION COEFFICIENTrdquo (Trw)(one point of the bdquonormalizedrdquo Proctor-curve)
Moisture Correction Coefficient Curve
- more Proctor points(min 7 or 8)
- curve fitting forapplicable equation
Mcc Earthwork fine sand M7 y = -00016x2 + 00292x + 08666R2 = 09586
080
085
090
095
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
w
Trw
lt=1
000
)001(ρρ
Tmaxd
idirw le=
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 8
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
5 Measurement of the moisture content of the layer on site(with conventional drying method or by a calibrated electronic device)- Calculation of the moisture correction coefficient
6 Calculation of the bdquoDYNAMIC DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Trd)
Identical to the Degree of Compaction measured by conventionalmethods
(Mathematically proven + strong correlation found based on field measurements)
BasisProctor-method rarr volume of wet soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
darrBampC method rarr dry weight of soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
wopt rarr height of the compacted soil cylinder is the lowestthus the degree of compaction is the highest
difference in cylinder heights = diference is settlements on site (if the applied work is the same)
)T(TTT rρrerwrd =sdot=
Tre
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 4
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Development of a new light-weight device
BampC(bdquoBearing capacity and Compactionrdquo)
Developed by
ANDREAS Ltd(Hungary)
Mr ISTVAacuteN SUBERT
andreasandreashuwwwandreashu
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 5
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Development of a new light-weight device
Basic similaritiesbull Same applied dynamic load (707 kN)bull Same load pulse time (18plusmn2 ms)bull Calculation of bdquoclassicalrdquo dynamic
stiffness modulus(from the 4th 5th and 6th drops)
Basic differencesbull Plate diameter D = 163 mmbull Selectable Boussinesq plate coefficient
(p2 ndash rigid 2 ndash flexible)
bull Selectable Poissonrsquos ratio(03 ndash granular solis 04 ndash fine grained soils siltyfine sands 05 ndash clayey cohesive soils)
bull Calculation of bdquoterminal dynamicstiffness modulus (characteristic to thecompacted state of the layer) (from the last 3 drops of total 18 drops)
bull Calculation of relative and final degreeof compaction
copyZO
RN
LFWDBampC
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 6
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
1 LFWD rarr Boussinesq plate coefficient set to 2 (flexible)rarr Poissonrsquos ratio set to 040 (bdquoaveragerdquo)
- Allows free selection of these parameters
2 Dynamic load of 707 kN + Load pulse time of 18plusmn2 ms + Plate diameterof D = 163 mm- Contact stress of 030-035 MPa- Calculation of dynamic stiffness modulus (Ed) close to the magnitude
of the static moduli
3 Calculation of bdquoRelative degree of compactionrdquo- 18 drops applied rarr calculation of bdquocompaction curvesrdquo- Applying same compaction work on site as the modified Proctor-test
(at a given moisture content)
bdquoRELATIVE DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Tre )(ie generating a single point of the Proctor-curve on site)
Showing the actual compaction at the given field moisture content
(95 relative degree of compaction means that more rolling should be applied to reach100 compaction at the current moisture content)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 7
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
4 - wopt ndash optimum moisture content rarr 100 degree of compaction- adjust the relative degree of compaction to the optimum
moisture content
- bdquoMOISTURE CORRECTION COEFFICIENTrdquo (Trw)(one point of the bdquonormalizedrdquo Proctor-curve)
Moisture Correction Coefficient Curve
- more Proctor points(min 7 or 8)
- curve fitting forapplicable equation
Mcc Earthwork fine sand M7 y = -00016x2 + 00292x + 08666R2 = 09586
080
085
090
095
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
w
Trw
lt=1
000
)001(ρρ
Tmaxd
idirw le=
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 8
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
5 Measurement of the moisture content of the layer on site(with conventional drying method or by a calibrated electronic device)- Calculation of the moisture correction coefficient
6 Calculation of the bdquoDYNAMIC DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Trd)
Identical to the Degree of Compaction measured by conventionalmethods
(Mathematically proven + strong correlation found based on field measurements)
BasisProctor-method rarr volume of wet soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
darrBampC method rarr dry weight of soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
wopt rarr height of the compacted soil cylinder is the lowestthus the degree of compaction is the highest
difference in cylinder heights = diference is settlements on site (if the applied work is the same)
)T(TTT rρrerwrd =sdot=
Tre
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 5
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Development of a new light-weight device
Basic similaritiesbull Same applied dynamic load (707 kN)bull Same load pulse time (18plusmn2 ms)bull Calculation of bdquoclassicalrdquo dynamic
stiffness modulus(from the 4th 5th and 6th drops)
Basic differencesbull Plate diameter D = 163 mmbull Selectable Boussinesq plate coefficient
(p2 ndash rigid 2 ndash flexible)
bull Selectable Poissonrsquos ratio(03 ndash granular solis 04 ndash fine grained soils siltyfine sands 05 ndash clayey cohesive soils)
bull Calculation of bdquoterminal dynamicstiffness modulus (characteristic to thecompacted state of the layer) (from the last 3 drops of total 18 drops)
bull Calculation of relative and final degreeof compaction
copyZO
RN
LFWDBampC
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 6
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
1 LFWD rarr Boussinesq plate coefficient set to 2 (flexible)rarr Poissonrsquos ratio set to 040 (bdquoaveragerdquo)
- Allows free selection of these parameters
2 Dynamic load of 707 kN + Load pulse time of 18plusmn2 ms + Plate diameterof D = 163 mm- Contact stress of 030-035 MPa- Calculation of dynamic stiffness modulus (Ed) close to the magnitude
of the static moduli
3 Calculation of bdquoRelative degree of compactionrdquo- 18 drops applied rarr calculation of bdquocompaction curvesrdquo- Applying same compaction work on site as the modified Proctor-test
(at a given moisture content)
bdquoRELATIVE DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Tre )(ie generating a single point of the Proctor-curve on site)
Showing the actual compaction at the given field moisture content
(95 relative degree of compaction means that more rolling should be applied to reach100 compaction at the current moisture content)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 7
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
4 - wopt ndash optimum moisture content rarr 100 degree of compaction- adjust the relative degree of compaction to the optimum
moisture content
- bdquoMOISTURE CORRECTION COEFFICIENTrdquo (Trw)(one point of the bdquonormalizedrdquo Proctor-curve)
Moisture Correction Coefficient Curve
- more Proctor points(min 7 or 8)
- curve fitting forapplicable equation
Mcc Earthwork fine sand M7 y = -00016x2 + 00292x + 08666R2 = 09586
080
085
090
095
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
w
Trw
lt=1
000
)001(ρρ
Tmaxd
idirw le=
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 8
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
5 Measurement of the moisture content of the layer on site(with conventional drying method or by a calibrated electronic device)- Calculation of the moisture correction coefficient
6 Calculation of the bdquoDYNAMIC DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Trd)
Identical to the Degree of Compaction measured by conventionalmethods
(Mathematically proven + strong correlation found based on field measurements)
BasisProctor-method rarr volume of wet soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
darrBampC method rarr dry weight of soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
wopt rarr height of the compacted soil cylinder is the lowestthus the degree of compaction is the highest
difference in cylinder heights = diference is settlements on site (if the applied work is the same)
)T(TTT rρrerwrd =sdot=
Tre
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 6
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
1 LFWD rarr Boussinesq plate coefficient set to 2 (flexible)rarr Poissonrsquos ratio set to 040 (bdquoaveragerdquo)
- Allows free selection of these parameters
2 Dynamic load of 707 kN + Load pulse time of 18plusmn2 ms + Plate diameterof D = 163 mm- Contact stress of 030-035 MPa- Calculation of dynamic stiffness modulus (Ed) close to the magnitude
of the static moduli
3 Calculation of bdquoRelative degree of compactionrdquo- 18 drops applied rarr calculation of bdquocompaction curvesrdquo- Applying same compaction work on site as the modified Proctor-test
(at a given moisture content)
bdquoRELATIVE DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Tre )(ie generating a single point of the Proctor-curve on site)
Showing the actual compaction at the given field moisture content
(95 relative degree of compaction means that more rolling should be applied to reach100 compaction at the current moisture content)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 7
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
4 - wopt ndash optimum moisture content rarr 100 degree of compaction- adjust the relative degree of compaction to the optimum
moisture content
- bdquoMOISTURE CORRECTION COEFFICIENTrdquo (Trw)(one point of the bdquonormalizedrdquo Proctor-curve)
Moisture Correction Coefficient Curve
- more Proctor points(min 7 or 8)
- curve fitting forapplicable equation
Mcc Earthwork fine sand M7 y = -00016x2 + 00292x + 08666R2 = 09586
080
085
090
095
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
w
Trw
lt=1
000
)001(ρρ
Tmaxd
idirw le=
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 8
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
5 Measurement of the moisture content of the layer on site(with conventional drying method or by a calibrated electronic device)- Calculation of the moisture correction coefficient
6 Calculation of the bdquoDYNAMIC DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Trd)
Identical to the Degree of Compaction measured by conventionalmethods
(Mathematically proven + strong correlation found based on field measurements)
BasisProctor-method rarr volume of wet soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
darrBampC method rarr dry weight of soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
wopt rarr height of the compacted soil cylinder is the lowestthus the degree of compaction is the highest
difference in cylinder heights = diference is settlements on site (if the applied work is the same)
)T(TTT rρrerwrd =sdot=
Tre
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 7
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
4 - wopt ndash optimum moisture content rarr 100 degree of compaction- adjust the relative degree of compaction to the optimum
moisture content
- bdquoMOISTURE CORRECTION COEFFICIENTrdquo (Trw)(one point of the bdquonormalizedrdquo Proctor-curve)
Moisture Correction Coefficient Curve
- more Proctor points(min 7 or 8)
- curve fitting forapplicable equation
Mcc Earthwork fine sand M7 y = -00016x2 + 00292x + 08666R2 = 09586
080
085
090
095
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
w
Trw
lt=1
000
)001(ρρ
Tmaxd
idirw le=
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 8
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
5 Measurement of the moisture content of the layer on site(with conventional drying method or by a calibrated electronic device)- Calculation of the moisture correction coefficient
6 Calculation of the bdquoDYNAMIC DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Trd)
Identical to the Degree of Compaction measured by conventionalmethods
(Mathematically proven + strong correlation found based on field measurements)
BasisProctor-method rarr volume of wet soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
darrBampC method rarr dry weight of soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
wopt rarr height of the compacted soil cylinder is the lowestthus the degree of compaction is the highest
difference in cylinder heights = diference is settlements on site (if the applied work is the same)
)T(TTT rρrerwrd =sdot=
Tre
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 8
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Basic theoretical background
5 Measurement of the moisture content of the layer on site(with conventional drying method or by a calibrated electronic device)- Calculation of the moisture correction coefficient
6 Calculation of the bdquoDYNAMIC DEGREE OF COMPACTIONrdquo (Trd)
Identical to the Degree of Compaction measured by conventionalmethods
(Mathematically proven + strong correlation found based on field measurements)
BasisProctor-method rarr volume of wet soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
darrBampC method rarr dry weight of soil is constant (moisture content is changed)
wopt rarr height of the compacted soil cylinder is the lowestthus the degree of compaction is the highest
difference in cylinder heights = diference is settlements on site (if the applied work is the same)
)T(TTT rρrerwrd =sdot=
Tre
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Tre
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 10
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
BENEFITS
ndash Calculation of the bdquoterminal stiffness modulusrdquo (Edv) whichcharaterizes the layer after compaction(calculation of stiffness before and after compaction rarr correlation to staticmodulus E2 )
ndash Inmediate information on the effectiveness of the compaction(Can the layer be compacted more at the given moisture content)
ndash Moisture content of the layer + Proctor-curve of the materialrarr Can the prescribed degree of compaction be achieved
at all (need of dehydration or watering)
ndash Accuracy plusmn2-3 (nuclear method plusmn5-6 )
ndash bdquoTwo-in-onerdquo(measurement of bearing capacity and degree of compaction)
ndash No nuclear izotopes environmental friendlyndash Cheap and fastndash Easy to use
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 11
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Interpretation and applicability of results
Correlation to static stiffness modulus
- M7 Highway ndash medium sand sandy gravel
for dynamic stiffness modulusE2 = 891Ed052 (r = 087)
for terminal dynamic stiffness modulus E2 = 647 Edv056 (r = 084)
or E2 asymp 076 divide 092 Edv (significant scatter)
- M6 Highway ndash furnace slag (recycled material few measurements)
E2 = 144Ed (r = 097)
- Road nr 4 near Albertirsa ndash silty sand chrushed stone stabilization
E2 = 112Ed (r = 065)
Hungarian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 145 divide 202 EdM (r = 080-084)
Austrian experiences with LFWD E2 asymp 173 divide 202 EdM (r = 069-076)
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
Zoltaacuten TOMPAI Department of Highway and Railway Engineering Budapest University of Technology Hungary 12
New light-weight device for measuring degree of compaction and dynamic load bearing capacity
Future prospects
ndash Possible application and introduction of the theory inbdquoContinous Compaction Controlrdquo
ndash Introduction of new parameters in quality control ofearthworks
ndash New classification for unbound granular materialsin Hungary
ndash Review of the required degree of compaction values(85 90 95 97 ) in Hungary
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
ZOLTAacuteN TOMPAIassistant lecturer
Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Highway and Railway Engineering
Hungary
Tel +36-1-463-2923Fax +36-1-463-3802
Mobile +36-30-3664-663E-mail tompaiuvtbmehu
THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
lsquoLight-Weight Deflectometers ndash Experience and Best Practisersquo - Loughborough 18 April 2007
- New light-weight devicefor measuring degree of compactionand dynamic load bearing capacityZoltaacuten TOMPAI assistant lectur
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Development of a new light-weight device
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Basic theoretical background
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Interpretation and applicability of results
- Future prospects
- THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
-
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