new opportunities and challenges in implementation of integrated water resource management...
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New opportunities and challenges in
implementation of IWRM principles: short
overview of IWMI projects in Central Asia
Herath Manthrithilake
Oyture Anarbekov
25th Anniversary of ICWC
Tashkent, Uzbekistan 23.11.2017
WATER SCARCITY …
• There is general consensus that when people have access to less than 1,700 cubic meters of water per year, a considerable proportion of them will be trapped in poverty (Falkenmark et al. 1989).
• The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines water stress as “severe” when the ratio of total water use to renewable supply exceeds 40 % (OECD 2009).
• Using this measure, by 2030 nearly half the world’s population (3.9 billion people) will be living under conditions of severe water stress.
THE REASONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF THIS SCARCITY INCLUDE:
■ Population increase
■ Increased living standards
■ Over-exploitation
■Water pollution
■ Ecosystem degradation
■ Adverse climate change
• when combined with effects of climate change on dryland production systems, the International Food Policy Research Institute estimates that the aggregate effect of climate change is likely to be a significant reduction in total agricultural productivity.
CHALLENGES IN CENTRAL ASIAN REGION
Population growth remains high in all countries within the region.
Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus
Salinization and waterlogging of the irrigated land
Climate change - supply concerns and extreme events
Poor water use efficiencies practices
Poor water mgt & governance
Deteriorated irrigation and drainage infrastructure
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Population Irrigated area Water intake per capita
CHALLENGES …
• IWMI has identified two types of water
scarcity: physical scarcity and economic
scarcity.
• physical scarcity: the sustainable supply
limit has been reached and little
opportunity to construct more dams remains.
• Economic scarcity: Not having enough
financial resources necessary to build a new
dam, improving infrastructure, etc.
SCARCITY … OLD WAYS ARE NO LONGER VALID!
• Under a business-as-usual scenario, improvements in water productivity can be expected to close around 20 % of the gap between demand and supply.
• Increases in supply (dams, desalination, increased recycling, can be expect another 20%.
• The remaining 60%, must come from increased investment in infrastructure and water-policy reforms.
• The average rate of improvement in water productivity and supply enhancement needs to increase at double the rate of improvement achieved in the past decade.
INTERNATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE
IWMI is a non-profit, scientific research organization with focus on the sustainable use of water and land resources in developing countries
IWMI established in 1985 with HQ in Sri Lanka More than 150 researchers in 12 Offices IWMI works in partnership with governments, civil
society and the private sector to develop scalable agricultural water management solutions that have a real impact on livelihoods, food security and ecosystem
Building ResilienceWater solutions to manage risk and variabity
Enabling Sustainable GrowthInclusive & innovative water management in rapidly
changing economies.
Managing Rural – Urban linkagesWater, food and waste innovations in urbanizing landscapes
THREE STRATEGIC PROGRAMS
Hy
dro
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rma
tics
Dat
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IWMI’S STRATEGY 2014-2018
IWMI positions itself as a:
■ think tank driving innovative research and
ideas for solutions;
■ provider of science-based products and
tools; and
■ facilitator of learning, strengthening capacity
and achieving uptake of research findings.
IWMI’S ACTIVITIES IN CENTRAL ASIAIWMI started its activities in CA in 2001 with main focus of research on:
Introduction of IWRM principles and Water Governance
Effective water management institutions
Identifying best practices for water savings
Improving irrigation performance
Water and energy productivityimprovement and water saving technologies
GIS/Remote sensing and climate change
Member of Regional Program for Sustainable
Agricultural Development in Central Asia and Caucasus
led by ICARDA
Implemented Programs/Projects in Uzbekistan: SDC: IWRM-FV (2001-2012) SDC: WPI-PL (2008-2012) ADB: Bright Spots and others CRP Water, Land & Ecosystems GIZ/BMZ: Improving irrigation efficiency in Potato fields IWMI hosts GWP-CACENA Partnership with European Universities (Humboldt
University Berlin, CDE/University of Bern/IMoMo and other active networks/initiatives
CURRENT MAIN DIRECTION OF WORK: Agricultural water management in rural areas:
river basin planning, improvement of Governance;
Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus: modeling;
Climate change, water risks and disasters;
Climate smart agriculture: innovation water and energy saving technologies for improved water and land resources management;
Improved water accounting and data transmission;
Capacity building on productive water use and on QGIS/RS;
Impact assessment of the interventions;
EU PROGRAMME “SUSTAINABLE MGT OF WATER RESOURCES IN RURAL AREAS OF UZBEKISTAN”
Partnership in Implementation:EU: GIZ, CREA and UBARegions: 6 BISAs WCAs: 3 WCAs in 3 Provinces6 Demonstration sites
Main interventions:a) 2 pilot river basins: introduce IWRM principlesb) Demonstration of innovative water saving technologies in 6 provincesc) Water Cadastred) Work-out financial-economic mechanisms for water savings
PEER CYCLE 4 PROJECT “IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN KARSHI STEPPE
Canal
Pumps
• Pumping distance is about 80 km• Pumping altitude is about 150 m• Irrigated area is about 335,000 ha
An illustration of water-energy-food
nexus
Partners in Implementation: USGS, UZGIP, Amu-Kashkadarya BISA, Sugd Provincial WMO, Local Experts
Project title: Implications of climate change, Amu Darya river basin
Study of hydrological behavior
Partners: NASA, Karakalpakistan branch of Water Problem Institute, Academy of Sciences Republic of Tajikistan, Balkh University Afghanistan
Diagnostic Digital Atlas on Murgab Basin Analysis and Planning / GIZ Interventions
Partners: GIZ and MAWR of Turkmenistan
ESTABLISHED PARTNERSHIP COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES IN CA
IARC and No-CG in Region: ICARDA,
AVRDC, ICBA, Bioversity, IFPRI
NARs of CA: Scientific-Research
Institutes of Irrigation and Amelioration
National Agrarian as well as
Irrigation/Amelioration Universities + foreign institutes:
DKU
Donor and Development
Agencies: SDC, GIZ, USAID, WB, ADB, IsDB, KOICA, UN
Agencies & others
Ministries of Agriculture and Water
Resources of 5 Countries, BISAs, ISAs
West-East Research & Education
Institutes: CDE, IAMO, Humboldt,
NWAFU
Social Enterpreneurs,
Knowledge Platforms: CAREC, CACILM, WOCAT,
CACARI, GWP-CACENA
Private Sector/Technology Partners: IMOMO,
Hydrosolutions, Photrack, SEBA
IWMI with its Partners
EC-IFAS (International Fund for Saving Aral Sea
Water Users, WUAs, AgCoop, Rural Extension
WE LOOK FORWARD FOR COOPERATION!
• http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/resources/apps/
IWMI-CENTRAL ASIA Office: E-mail: iwmi-ca@cgiar.org
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