new psychoactive substances (legal highs)

A Brief Insight By

Leigh Westmore

New Psychoactive Substances

Legal HighsDesigner Drugs (70’s)Synthetic drugs “mimic known drugs”Possible long term physiological health

implications. Chemical have little or no known human and/or animal research.

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Types of SubstancesSolids in the form of pills (pellets if legal),

Powders, capsules. Synthetic Technologically made. – Ethylphenidate and Methiopropramine

Gas – Nitrous oxide (Laughing gas)Liquid – Amyl NitrateHerbal from plants seeds such as Kratom,

Salvia, Fly Agaric, San Pedro cactus)Animal – cane toad “Bufotenin” similar to 5-

meo-dmt Electronic- Brainwave Entrainment.

Hemispheric Synchronization (binaural beats)3

HISTORY

Alexander Shuglin2cxDox3cxTryptaminesSearch For the new Ecstacy

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OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT

David E. Nichols

NBOMe Ralf Heim PHd 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine

NBOMe-2ci class a june

NBFNBOH can degrade?NBMD

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John W. Huffman

JWH – Spice & k2

“It bothers me that people are so stupid as to use this stuff”

"I figured once it got started in Germany it was going to spread. As JWH-018 is more potent and easy to make, Huffman believes it is a more widely used synthetic cannabinoid of the JWH series.

450 synthetic cannabinoids

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Alexandros Makriyannis – AM

series (MAM – Methyl group)

MAM-2201 Black Mamba

Hebrew University – HU series

Cannaboid Receptor Drug by Pfizer – CP Series

AB-FUBINACA AB-PINACA PF-03550096

THJ-2201 Cannabinoid legal atm..Big Medical Research ongoing

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MOLECULE COMPARISON

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CATHINONES

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When are they actually legal?They are not controlled under the 1971

Misuse of Drugs ActThey are not licensed – Alcohol, Nicotine

not a legal high Not covered by the medicines act –

trimethylxanthine (Zanadoo) Research “pellet” or chemical Term is Misleading “68 deaths”??PMMA/PMA and or GBL – Easier synth.

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Current LegislationTCDO. Temporary Class Drug OrderTemporary 12 month ban Making it illegal

to sell or produceRecent additions are the NBOMEs, MXE,

BENZOFURANS.MXE ceased to be covered by the

temporary prohibition on 26 February 2013, when it became classified as a Class B drug

Huge amount of pre-ban purchases.12

WHAT IS AVAILABLE?Research chemical

collector item.BROMODOL

4-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-1-(2-phenylethyl)cyclohexanol

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SMARTSHOP

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SMARTSHOP

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SMARTSHOP

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DRUG TSUNAMI It is really beginning to feel like, especially in

the UK, Pandora's box wasn't opened, the lid was ripped off, and this time, even hope escaped.

Newly Emerging compounds emerging every week

Analogues of analogues

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EMCDDAThe EMCDDA is increasingly active in

monitoring new psychoactive substances which may pose health and social risks to our societies.

A new psychoactive substance is defined as 'a new narcotic or psychotropic drug, in pure form or in preparation, that is not controlled by the United Nations drug conventions, but which may pose a public health threat comparable to that posed by substances listed in these conventions'. 

Early warning system on NPS – Risk assessments on all NPS.

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WEDINOSUSERS can send in

samples for confidential analysis.

Can safely ascertain compound and do subsequent research websites such as erowid.

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Future legislation “We conclude that there is currently and

epidemic of psychoactive substances and it is highly likely that new psychoactive substances will to continue to increase in the future unless immediate action is taken…”

ACPO parliamentary report 2013Home Office crime prevention minister, Norman

Baker, said he "strongly disputes"' the EU claim that 20% of legal highs have "legitimate commercial and industrial uses". – UK want opt out Emcdda

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The future“ The brain….uses about 500, maybe more,

different indigenous materials. It is very likely that any one of these will have 10 to 1000 different analogues so there is no shortage of material to explore…. “

Dr Zee

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Question and Answer

All

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