new research reactors projectsrmb.ipen.br/doc_rmb/doc_referencia/outros/... · mes melhores desejos...
Post on 23-Jun-2020
0 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Commercial in Confidence
New Research Reactors Projects
Enfir, October 2009
Research Reactors
• Many different types:– Different uses
– From Watts to hundreds of MW
– From tens to hundreds of million dollars
– Different layouts
– Different fuels
– Different coolants, temperatures and pressures
– Most important, different uses!
Uses of Research Reactors
• Education and training
• Multipurpose:– Radioisotope production & beams and/or material testing
• Single purpose:– Radioisotope production
– Beam research
– Material testing
• Prototypes, including critical facilities
Education and training reactors
• From some kilowatts to a few Megawatts
• Normally in close contact with university
• Flexible, ultrasafe
• Training facilities
• Some but limited research capabilities
Multipurpose Reactors
• Radioisotope production is always included
• There are then three types of multipurpose reactors:
– Radioisotope production and beams
– Radioisotope production and material testing
– Radioisotope production, beams and material testing
Beams and Radioisotopes
• Tens of Megawatts
• High power density, compact core
• OPAL
Material Testing and Radioisotopes
• Tens of Megawatts
• In-core irradiation capabilities
• Osiris, BR-2, Pallas
Ri, Beams and Material Testing
• Tens of Megawatts
• In-core irradiation: large core
• Beams in the reflector
HFIR, HFR, ETRR-2
Radioisotope production dedicated reactors
• Ten Megawatts is enough
• Maple reactors are the only example
• Silicide irradiation is a possibility
Beam Reactors
• High fluxes
• Tens of MW
• Cold neutron source
• Scientific users
• ILL, FRM-II
Material Testing Reactors
• Several tens of MW, even more than 100 MW
• In-core irradiation loops
• Main user is the nuclear industry
• Other industrial users
• ATR, Halden, JHR
Project issues
• Turnkey or open packages?
• If it is open package:– Nuclear island and BOP?
– Who is the design authority?
– Control of interfaces
• If it is turnkey:– Specify performance acceptance criteria
– Scope of owner's and local participation
Recommended practices
• Visit existing facilities and interact with their owners
• Involve the community of users: physicians, scientists, nuclear industry
• Form a strong owner's project group
• Spent some time in designing the project processes
• Early involvement of the research reactor supplier/s is fundamental
Almost mandatory design features
• Fuel element: Plate type fuel elements
• Enrichment: LEU, i.e. lower than 20%
• Flexibility for changing fuel material
• Lay-out: pool type
• Two shutdown systems
• Secondary control point
• IAEA standards as a minimum requisite
Design features to be decided
• Reflector: Be or heavy water or both?
• Primary system: pressurized or not?
• Confinement or containment?
• Control rods from below?
• Cold source?
• Hot cells on top of pool: how many, how large?
• Site!!!!
Site features that impact design
• Aircraft impact
• Design earthquake
• Soil characteristics
• Final heat source
• Local regulations
Mes melhores desejos e
muito obrigado!
INVAP S.E.Founded: September 1st, 1976
Company: State owned – Rio Negro
Operation: As a private company» No budget allocated
» No tax exemptions
» All dividends reinvested
Headquarters: Bariloche, Argentina
Subsidiaries: Australia, Brazil, Egypt, USA
Revenues: ~$70 MM USD (2007)
Staff: 630 (over 70% engineers)
Exports: ~500 MUSD
R&D-trained staff80 Science Degree
20 PhDs
230 Engineers
200 Qualified Technicians
80+ Electronics Eng.30+ Nuclear Eng.30+ Industrial/process Eng.15+ Aerospace Eng.25+ Chemical Eng.25+ Mechanical Eng.
11 in Physics10 in Chemistry26 in IT3 in others sciences
Administrative Staff
top related