newsgathering transmission techniques - sbe.org
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NEWSGATHERING TRANSMISSION
TECHNIQUES
Ennes Workshop – Miami, FL
March 8, 2013
Kevin Dennis
Regional Sales Manager
2
Vislink is Built on a Firm Foundation 3
• Advancements in video encoding technology
– H.264 versus MPEG-2
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
– Implementing HD/SD H.264 encoding
– Modulation, FEC, high power Linear Amps
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public access
networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
– 3G, 4G, LTE, WiMax
– HD/SD Bonded Cellular Video Transmission
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed
microwave transmission versus public network transmissions
Presentation Outline
• Advancements in video encoding technology
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed
microwave transmission versus public network
transmissions
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques
H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC / Part10) versus MPEG-2
• H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is a block-oriented motion-compensation
based codec standard
• First version of the standard was completed in 2003
• H.264 video compression is significantly more efficient than
MPEG-2 encoding providing two-fold improvement as compared
to MPEG-2
• H.264 HD encoding not excessively expensive to implement as
compared to first MPEG-2 encoders
H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2
Video quality comparison of H.264 (solid blue line with squares) and MPEG-2 (dotted red line with circles) as a function of bit rate compared to 100 Mbps source material.
H.264 is approximately twice as efficient as MPEG-2
H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2
Video Images posted by Jan Ozer, Video Technology Instructor
Low Motion Video - there is very little video quality
difference between H.264 and MPEG-2
H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2
Video Images posted by Jan Ozer, Video Technology Instructor
High Motion Video - H.264 retains image
continuity while MPEG-2 becomes “blocky”
H.264 AVC versus MPEG-2 HD Encoding Features
MPEG-2
• 4:2:0MP@HL, 4:2:2MP@HL, 8-80Mbps
• Good HD picture quality from as little as 12Mbps (MPEG-2)
• Contribution quality at ~18Mbps
• Low Latency ~42mS (decoder dependent)
H.264 (AVC)
• Good HD picture quality from as little as 5Mbps (H.264)
• Contribution quality at ~10Mbps
• Low Latency ~300mS (encoder and decoder dependent)
• Advancements in video encoding technology
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed
microwave transmission versus public network
transmissions
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques
Digital ENG Contribution Techniques
Microwave Transmit Systems
o Mobile (truck/van, SNG/ENG)
o Portable (tripod or airborne)
o Wireless Camera
High-Definition H.264 (AVC)
• H.264 (MPEG-4 Part 10)
• Video compression standard is a
two-fold improvement in efficiency
compared with MPEG-2
•Able to transmit high-definition
video at low bit rates using DVB-T
(COFDM) with greater range and
reliability than systems using HD
MPEG-2 compression
•H.264 is well suited for the real
world of ENG Newsgathering from
mobile platforms in multipath rich
environments.
Video Quality
Video quality comparison of H.264 (solid blue line with squares) and MPEG-2 (dotted red line with circles) as a function of bit rate compared to 100 Mbps source material.
DVB-T (COFDM) Bandwidth
Code
RateQPSK 16
QAM
64
QAMQPSK 16
QAM
64
QAMQPSK 16
QAM
64
QAMQPSK 16
QAM
64
QAM
1/2 4.98 9.95 14.93 5.53 11.06 16.59 5.85 11.71 17.56 6.03 12.06 18.10
2/3 6.64 13.27 19.91 7.37 14.75 22.12 7.81 15.61 23.42 8.04 16.09 24.13
3/4 7.46 14.93 22.39 8.29 16.59 24.88 8.78 17.56 26.35 9.05 18.10 27.14
5/6 8.29 16.59 24.88 9.22 18.43 27.65 9.76 19.52 29.27 10.05 20.11 30.16
7/8 8.71 17.42 26.13 9.68 19.35 29.03 10.25 20.49 30.74 10.56 21.11 31.67
Note: Payload data throughput is scaled down by 1/4 for 6 MHz
bandwidth systems and by 7/8 for 7 MHz systems
1/4 Guard 1/8 Guard 1/16 Guard 1/32 Guard
COFDM System Numbers - 2 GHz
QPSK 1/2 +38 dBm -95.0 dBm
QPSK 3/4 +38 dBm -93.0 dBm
16 QAM 1/2 +36 dBm -90.0 dBm
16 QAM 3/4 +36 dBm -86.5 dBm
64 QAM 1/2 +33 dBm -84.5 dBm
64 QAM 3/4 + 33 dBm -78.5 dBm
Mode Pout LabThreshold
RF Advancements and Improvements
• Existing 5W Digital power amplifiers can be replaced with ultra-linear
10W Digital power amps
– Provides 3dB additional system gain
– Higher MER performance
• Pre-Distortion correction for wireless camera systems
– Internal feedback circuit to further linearize RF spectral mask
LMS-T Advanced Modulation
• Link Research designed modulation
– Derivative of DVB-T
– 9.4MHz spectrum (c.f. 7.61MHz of ‘8MHz’ DVB-T)
– LDPC error correction scheme
• Overall LMS-T has 65% more throughput than
DVB-T (COFDM) and has more robust RF performance
• Ideal for HD Wireless Camera systems
• Ultra-Low Latency ~20mS
• Advancements in video encoding technology
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed
microwave transmission versus public network
transmissions
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques
Advancements in Public Access
Networks
• 3G – Third Generation• Upload speeds ~ 500 Kbps – 1.4 Mbps
• 4G – Fourth Generation
• Upload speeds ~ 1 - 6 Mbps
• LTE – Long Term Evolution
• Upload speeds ~ 5 – 7 Mbps
• WiFi – wireless local area network
• Speeds ~ 300 – 600 Kbps
• WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability
for Microwave Access
• Speeds ~ 1 – 4 Mbps
• 3G – Third Generation• Upload speeds ~ 200 - 800 Kbps
• 4G – Fourth Generation
• Upload speeds ~ 1 - 5 Mbps
• LTE – Long Term Evolution
• Upload speeds ~ 8 Mbps
• WiFi – wireless local area network
• Speeds ~ 300 – 600 Kbps
• WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability
for Microwave Access
• Speeds ~ 1 – 4 Mbps
Advancements in Public Access
Networks
Bonded Cellular Transmission
• Uses H.264 HD/SD Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) Encoding to transmit
live video via public access networks over the internet
• Simultaneously aggregates available bandwidth from multiple
cellular network connections
– creates a single virtual “high-speed” bandwidth connection
• Multiple cellular providers “bonded” together
– improves network upload speeds
– improves network connection persistence
• Can be implemented with various service provider’s modems
– 3G, 4G, LTE, WiFi
• ABR dynamically adjusts the encoder’s video data rate (typ. Mbps)
adapting to the fluctuations characteristic of cellular networks
Cellular Video Transmission Workflow Diagram
Live Portable Cellular Video Transmission Systems
• Live HD/SD – almost anywhere, almost any time
• 3G/4G LTE Bonded Cellular Modems
• H.264 (AVC) HD/SD Encoding
• Dynamic Bandwidth Optimization
• WiFi Reception and Transmission
• Support for multiple camera interfaces
• Support for file transfer
• IFB comms
• Wireless Edge Device Remote Control
• IP Termination Receiver
23
• Advancements in video encoding technology
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed
microwave transmission versus public network
transmissions
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques
Advantages & Limitations of Legacy Newsgathering
• One-way transmissions
Advantages
• High bandwidth (Fat
Pipe) at minimal OPEX
• Rapid deployment
• Wide coverage area
• Dependable/Reliable
Disadvantages
• Requires skilled
operators
• Requires heavyweight
vehicles
• Leased receive sites are
expensive
• One-way transmissions
Advantages
• Very rapid deployment
• No expensive vehicles
• Good coverage indoors
and across densely
populated city centers
• Best option for “moving
event” coverage
Disadvantages
• Limited coverage area
• Camera battery powered
• Must own or lease
receive sites
Advantages
• Unlimited coverage area
• Worldwide spectrum
access
• Single to multiple
distribution points
Disadvantages
• Requires very costly
vehicles
• Must pay recurring
satellite usage fees
• Requires skilled
operators
Terrestrial ENG Diversity WCSDigital SNG
HD/ SD Newsgathering via
Bonded 3G / 4G Networks
Advantages
• Story acquisition without
spectrum licenses, expensive
vehicles or costly
infrastructure
• One button operation
• Dispatch non-technical
trained Journalists /
Freelancers
But8
• No coverage guarantees
• 3G/4G bandwidth is limited
and asymmetrical
• latency can be several
seconds
• Civil authorities may override
• Cellular congestion
HD SDI
NLE
3G/4G
Bonded
Ideal for spot story coverage
and fill-in content
Cellular Video Transmission vs. Licensed Microwave
CONS PROS
• Variable data rate availability vs. Fixed data throughput
• Unpredictable signal strength vs. Relatively stable receive carrier level (RSL)
• Unknown “network” availability vs. Pre-determined frequency coordination
• Eminent domain black-outs vs. Secure specific user spectrum allocation
• Limited to Network accessibility vs. Controlled portable deployment (ENG/SNG)
PROS CONS
• Lower Capex/Opex vs. Higher Capex and complex/costly infrastructure support
• Immediate venue accessibility vs. Scheduled venue event coordination
• Inexperienced technical operators vs. Experienced ENG/SNG operators
• Portable system design (hand-carry) vs. Larger hardware infrastructure
Summary
• H.264 (AVC) HD/SD Encoding
– Very efficient encoding – roughly half the bandwidth required
for same picture quality as MPEG-2
• Advancements in Licensed Microwave
– Use of H.264 encoding provides high quality, robust RF
transmission/reception
– Strive for higher linearity RF components / higher system gain
• Advancements in Public Access Networks
– Bandwidth and speeds are ever increasing
– Bonded Cellular video transmission
• Another tool for ENG and OB applications
• Dependent upon cellular coverage and infrastructure
utilization
Where can I see these new solutions in action?
Please visit the VISLINK Booth at NAB 2013 to see the
Broadcast Industries most versatile solutions to suit any
application.
We deliver HD quality video anytime, anywhere!
Booth C6508
29
Questions?
Thank You!
Kevin Dennis
Regional Sales Manager
Kevin.Dennis@Vislink.com
978-671-5756
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