next generation technologies for solar thermal electricity production
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Slide ٣ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Direct Solar Steam Generation Thermo-hydraulics
Blasen Ring WellenSchwallWasser Dampf
Slide ٤ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Dampfmassenstrom
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Testsignale
Direct Solar Steam Generation Control
Fee...mh pLife...mh p
K...n
S...1
Life...mh p
K...n Pi... Pi... Pi...K...n Pi... K...n Pi... K...n Pi...
Inj...1
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Dynamisches Modell
Slide ٥ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Direct Solar Steam Generation Control
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Slide ٦ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Direct Solar Steam Generation Component Optimization
Absorber Tube (Temperature Image through glassenvelope)
Compact-Steam Seperators
Slide ٧ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Direct Solar Steam Generation Qualification
Measurement
Ray-TracingFlux distribution next to absorber tube
Slide ٨ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Direct Solar Steam Generation Latent Heat Storage Technology
Latentspeicherung durch Phasenwechsel in der Salzschmelze
D r
solid
liquid
Fluid
Slide ٩ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Direct Solar Steam Generation System Optimization
Slide ١٠ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
A few words on Linear Fresnel Systems
The Linear Fresnel DesignMore simple design offers potentially lower investment costLower optical efficiency compared to parabolic troughsTherefore, high optical accuracy required
Solarmundo
DLR Solarmundo SHP - MAN
Slide ١٢ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Annual collector eff. = 37%
Annual Turbine eff = 25%Fresnel Total Annual Eff. = 9%Trough/Tower > 15%
Slide ١٣ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Rankineη = 16 % (annual)
Rankineη = 16 % (annual)
CCη = 25 % (annual)
The Solar Gas Turbine Approach
Slide ١٤ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Experimental Experience at the PSA
gas turbine
NT Module
generator
MT/HT Module
MT Module
Slide ١٥ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Experimental Experience at the PSAusing a small gas turbine
Feasibility shown how to integrate solar high temperature heat at 800°C; 7 bar into a gas turbineSolar share up to 68%Good controllability at fluctuating irradiationReceiver exit temperature of >1000°C demonstratedPerformance figures of design tools confirmed
Slide ١٦ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
227 MWth
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Entfernung nach Westen [m]
Entfe
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Long-term concept for a solar-fossil Combined-Cycle
1250°CGas turbine inlet temperature
220,0mOptical tower height
41.4%Annual solar to heat eff.
227’000kWthtotal receiver power
572number of rec. modules
734,4m²total receiver aperture
1,28m²aperture of single module
1100°Crec. outlet temperature (DP)
499’495m²Total reflective area
2379-number of heliostats
880W/m²solar input (DP)
Solar-System
49.4/52.2% Annual power cycle efficiency
158’900kWe (DP)Total Power (design point DP)
62’400kWe (ISO)Steam turbine
2 * 60’533kWe (ISO)Gas turbine (2 * V64.3)
Power block
Slide ١٧ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Additional Investment Solar Reference
Site preparation [T€] 4.495
Buildings [T€] 300 125
Electrical equipment [T€] 250 100
Auxiliary equipment [T€] 150 50
Total [T€] 5.195 275
Indirect cost
Construction (9%) [T€] 17.463 8.174
Management (10%) [T€] 19.403 9.083
Contingencies (3.5%) [T€] 7.761 3.633
Total [T€] 42.062 17.532
Total [T€] 236.095 108.357
Specific (related to. DP-power) [€/kWe] 1.486 682
Cost assumptions Investment
„Levelized Electricity Cost (LEC)“ based on IEA methodInterest rate 7%Depreciation time 20 asite Barstow (California, USA)Annual direct irradiation 2791 kWh/m²aFuel price varied (today arround17 €/MWh in US)
Power cycle Solar Reference
Power cycle [T€] 88.300 81.800
Fuel system [T€] 6.500 6.500
Grid connection [T€] 2.250 2.250
Total [T€] 97.050 90.550
Specific (related to. DP-power) [€/kWe] 611 570
Solar-System
heliostat field (125€/m²) [T€] 62.437
tower (220 m) [T€] 4.475
receiver (35 T€/m²) [T€] 23.876
control [T€] 1.000
Total [T€] 91.788 -
Specific [€/kWth] 404 -
Slide ١٨ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
LEC in Mid-load Operation
4000 full-load hours
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Reference
Hybrid
0€/t CO2; 7% interst20 years125€/m² Heliostat
44% solar share
Solar LECSolar LEC
Slide ١٩ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Impact of CO2-penalties, interest rate and heliostat cost
4000 full-load hours
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Hybrid
20€/t CO2; 5% interst20 years100€/m² Heliostat
44% solar share
Solar LECSolar LEC
Slide ٢٠ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
How to go there…
cost of solar electricity as function of solar system size
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small systems (1-30 MWth)big systems (60-230MWth) north fieldbig systems (60-230MWth) multi aperturetrend
160 MWe CCsolar share:
80% DP 44% annual
Slide ٢١ > Solar Research> Pitz-PaalEgypt > 11/12.10.2007
Summary
High efficient solar power plant for mid-load power Solar-to–electric efficiencies > 20%Fuel-to-electric efficiency > 50%
Low environmental profile25% of cooling water compared to parabolic trough plantNo thermal oil!Can be applied in hilly area
Low costSpecific investment cost <1500 €/kWeLEC = 7 €cent/kWh for 160 MWe power plant
Scale-up Starting with small turbines (eventually combined with CHP)Hybridization with Biofuel (up to 50% feasible in Spain)
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