nnn07 - 04/10/07 1 memphys megaton mass physics detector n. vassilopoulos / lal on behalf of memphys...
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NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 11
MEMPHYS MEMPHYS MEgaton Mass PHYSics DetectorMEgaton Mass PHYSics Detector
N. Vassilopoulos / LAL N. Vassilopoulos / LAL on behalf of MEMPHYS Collaborationon behalf of MEMPHYS Collaboration
without LAGUNA aspects (L.Mosca)without LAGUNA aspects (L.Mosca)
without R&D on PMTs (J.E. Campagne)without R&D on PMTs (J.E. Campagne)
without Fréjus Site aspects (M. Russo)without Fréjus Site aspects (M. Russo)emphasis: software developments and emphasis: software developments and MEMPHYNO prototype design MEMPHYNO prototype design
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underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus (Alps), Modane, France(Alps), Modane, France
total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3 total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3
or 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 mor 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 m
• size limited by light attenuation length size limited by light attenuation length (λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs(λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs
• readout : ~3 x 81k 12readout : ~3 x 81k 12″″ PMTs, 30% cover PMTs, 30% cover (# PEs = 40%cover with 20(# PEs = 40%cover with 20″″ PMTs) PMTs)
possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of 100kton 100kton
underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus (Alps), Modane, France(Alps), Modane, France
total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3 total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3
or 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 mor 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 m
• size limited by light attenuation length size limited by light attenuation length (λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs(λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs
• readout : ~3 x 81k 12readout : ~3 x 81k 12″″ PMTs, 30% cover PMTs, 30% cover (# PEs = 40%cover with 20(# PEs = 40%cover with 20″″ PMTs) PMTs)
possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of 100kton 100kton
http://2www.apc.univ-paris7.fr/APC_CS/Experiences/
MEMPHYS/
arXiv: hep-ex/0607026
Contacts: J.E. Campagne and M. Mezzetto
65m
60m
MEMPHYS: Underground Laboratory and DetectorMEMPHYS: Underground Laboratory and Detector
Laboratoire Laboratoire Souterrain Souterrain de Modanede Modane
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MEMPHYS: MEMPHYS: Fréjus layoutFréjus layout
excavation will startin 2008
Excavation reaches near current Lab. 2013
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MEMPHYS: MEMPHYS: Fréjus scheduleFréjus schedule
2007 2012 2017 2020
depends of course on LAGUNA (European decisions) depends of course on LAGUNA (European decisions)
and NNN world coordinationand NNN world coordination
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MEMPHYS: PhotodetectionMEMPHYS: Photodetection 1212″ PMTs x ~80000 per shaft, 30% coverage ″ PMTs x ~80000 per shaft, 30% coverage readout plan: readout plan:
• ASIC: readout integrated electronics circuit as close to detectorASIC: readout integrated electronics circuit as close to detector• operate with a common high voltage and thus need of variable gain to equalize PMT operate with a common high voltage and thus need of variable gain to equalize PMT
response response • high speed discriminator to auto trigger on single photoelectronhigh speed discriminator to auto trigger on single photoelectron• digitization of charge ADC & of time of arrival over 12 bits to provide large dynamic range digitization of charge ADC & of time of arrival over 12 bits to provide large dynamic range
and nano-second accuracyand nano-second accuracy• digital data out: power wires digital data out: power wires
PMmPMm22 R&D project: integrated circuit & complete module studies and construction R&D project: integrated circuit & complete module studies and construction
Electronics as close as possible to PMTs
voltages applied through the same cable
sketch of 4x4 12″ PMTs module
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MEMPHYS: PhysicsMEMPHYS: Physics
Proton decayProton decay
SuperNovae neutrinos SuperNovae neutrinos
• core-collapse understanding, explore violent phenomena in the universe core-collapse understanding, explore violent phenomena in the universe SN SN
trigger, star formation in the early universe trigger, star formation in the early universe Diffuse SN Diffuse SN
Neutrino Astrophysics Neutrino Astrophysics
oscillation measurements with oscillation measurements with beams beams
materiel taken from (see also for further details) materiel taken from (see also for further details) A. Tonazzo’s talk at NOW06: A. Tonazzo’s talk at NOW06:
MEMPHYS non oscillating Physics, MEMPHYS non oscillating Physics, http://www.ba.infn.it/~now/now2006/ http://www.ba.infn.it/~now/now2006/
materiel taken from J. E. Campagne et al., materiel taken from J. E. Campagne et al., Physics potential of the CERN-MEMPHYS Physics potential of the CERN-MEMPHYS
oscillation project, JHEP04(2007)003oscillation project, JHEP04(2007)003
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MEMPHYS: SN rates at Mton detectorMEMPHYS: SN rates at Mton detector
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MEMPHYS: “real time” movie of shock waves effectsMEMPHYS: “real time” movie of shock waves effects
Fogli et al. hep-ph/04120460.4 Mton, galactic SN (10kpc) for 0.4 Mton, galactic SN (10kpc) for invert beta decayinvert beta decay
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CERN-MEMPHYS: CERN-MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with Oscillation measurements with beams beams
θθ1313 discovery reach and sensitivity discovery reach and sensitivity
to CP Violationto CP Violation CERN
Fréjus
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ββB beam’s ions/year reduced by 2: B beam’s ions/year reduced by 2: performance is strongly depended on ion performance is strongly depended on ion
productionproduction
CERN-MEMPHYS: CERN-MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with Oscillation measurements with beams beams main results main results
discovery reach of sindiscovery reach of sin2222θθ1313 ≈ 5 x 10≈ 5 x 10-3-3 3 3σσ irrespectively of the actual irrespectively of the actual value of value of δδCPCP
max CP violation (for δCP = π/2, 3π/2) can be discovered at 3σ down to sin22θ13 ≈ 2(9) x 10-4 for βB (SPL)
also, ATM + SPL/βB provides sensitivity to mass hierarchy at 2σ sin22θ13 >≈ 0.02-0.03
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MEMPHYS: Mass Hierarchy from atmosperic MEMPHYS: Mass Hierarchy from atmosperic ss
If D-CHOOZ finds a non zero value for sinIf D-CHOOZ finds a non zero value for sin2222θθ13 13 then a megaton then a megaton
water cherenkov detector can make a distinction between the two water cherenkov detector can make a distinction between the two hierarchies, hierarchies, R. Gandhi et al., hep-phy/07071723R. Gandhi et al., hep-phy/07071723
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Event Generator: Event Generator: NUANCENUANCE for for beam, beam, Atmospheric & Proton Decay Atmospheric & Proton Decay
SimulationSimulation (based on Geant4) (based on Geant4): :
• Interface with the Interface with the OpenScientist v16r0OpenScientist v16r0 framework (G. Barr framework (G. Barrand/and/LALLAL--APCAPC) provided using ) provided using distribution kitsdistribution kits including including Geant4 & CLHEP & Geant4 & CLHEP & AIDA-IO implementation to RIO AIDA-IO implementation to RIO (also HDF5, XML)(also HDF5, XML)
• 3 modes of running in the same framework: 3 modes of running in the same framework: Interactive Viewing, Batch processing, AIDA_ROOT analysisInteractive Viewing, Batch processing, AIDA_ROOT analysis
• eevent info from MCvent info from MC, p, primary + non-Optical photons track infosrimary + non-Optical photons track infos• hhits: each PM maintain a list of arrival time of optical photons detected its: each PM maintain a list of arrival time of optical photons detected
(i.e. photo-cathod efficiency)(i.e. photo-cathod efficiency)
MEMPHYS: MC Present Status MEMPHYS: MC Present Status
transparency by J. E. Campagne
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10% de 10% de ČČ
2km WC Geometry2km WC Geometry
1% de 1% de ČČ 0.1% de 0.1% de ČČ
pp
(2GeV)(2GeV)
ttransparency by J. E. ransparency by J. E. CampagneCampagne
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1600ns
→-→e-
MEMPHYS v7MEMPHYS v7
Interactive Interactive histogram to histogram to identify the e identify the e Michel optical Michel optical photons…photons…
Only detected op. photons
ttransparency by J. E. ransparency by J. E. CampagneCampagne
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MEMPHYS v7MEMPHYS v7
atmospheric (1-10GeV)atmospheric (1-10GeV)
ttransparency by J. E. ransparency by J. E. CampagneCampagne
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MEMPHYS: Simulation Studies for a small scale Prototype MEMPHYS: Simulation Studies for a small scale Prototype MEMPHYNOMEMPHYNO
Thomas Patzak, Eddy Richard, Alessandra Tonazzo / APCThomas Patzak, Eddy Richard, Alessandra Tonazzo / APC-PARIS-PARISJean-Eric Campagne, Nikos Vassilopoulos / LALJean-Eric Campagne, Nikos Vassilopoulos / LAL-ORSAY-ORSAY
purposes :purposes :• full test of electronics and acquisition chainfull test of electronics and acquisition chain• trigger threshold studiestrigger threshold studies• self-trigger modeself-trigger mode
volume ~10 tvolume ~10 t at least one matrix of 16 PMTs with DAQ system at least one matrix of 16 PMTs with DAQ system
(developed by PMm(developed by PMm2 2 project, J.E.Campagne et al.)project, J.E.Campagne et al.) install at APC, then at Frinstall at APC, then at Fréjus lab: max available space: éjus lab: max available space:
3x3x3 m3x3x3 m33
tests with radioactive sources (monoenergetic, tests with radioactive sources (monoenergetic, point-like) and cosmic muons (direction selected point-like) and cosmic muons (direction selected with hodoscope) on surfacewith hodoscope) on surface
measure background level @ underground sitemeasure background level @ underground site MEMPHYS simulation & visualization codeMEMPHYS simulation & visualization code 2x2x2m2x2x2m³ water volume³ water volume 2 different PMTs’ modules simulated at bottom 2 different PMTs’ modules simulated at bottom
side :side :
4x4 12in PMTs = ~35% coverage (for one 4x4 12in PMTs = ~35% coverage (for one sideside
electron 10 MeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : centreelectron 10 MeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : centre muon 1 GeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : top centremuon 1 GeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : top centre
pictures for detectedpictures for detectedoptical photonsoptical photons
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MEMPHYS: MEMPHYNO e-, MEMPHYS: MEMPHYNO e-, μμ- studies- studies
# of PMTs per electron
10k per energy electrons generated 10k per energy electrons generated at the detector’s centre with random at the detector’s centre with random directiondirection
PEs per PMT OPs’ arrival times
e- E (MeV)e- E (MeV) 11 2.52.5 55 1010 1515 2020 2525
PEs / MeV / elPEs / MeV / el 0.20.2 1.11.1 1.51.5 1.71.7 1.81.8 1.81.8 1.81.8
X 6 (sides)X 6 (sides) 1.21.2 6.66.6 99 10.210.2 10.810.8 10.810.8 10.810.8
MEMPHYSMEMPHYS 22 7.77.7 1010 10.910.9 11.111.1 11.211.2 11.111.1
Table: MEMPHYNO’s PEs per MeV per electronTable: MEMPHYNO’s PEs per MeV per electron
e- 20MeVe- 20MeV
μμ- - 1GeV1GeV
muons generated over the muons generated over the detector’s surface with pz / p = -1detector’s surface with pz / p = -1
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best fit
MEMPHYNOMEMPHYNOelectrons 10 MeVelectrons 10 MeV : vertex finding: vertex finding
primary vertex fit based only on each PMT’s timing info: tprimary vertex fit based only on each PMT’s timing info: t i PMTi PMT = t = tii + TOF + TOFii => t => ti i = t= ti PMTi PMT – TOF – TOFii
, where TOF, where TOFii = (n / c) x D, D = distance between each PMT and grid’s coordinates = (n / c) x D, D = distance between each PMT and grid’s coordinates
maximize estimator E a la SK to find the true vertex of electron :maximize estimator E a la SK to find the true vertex of electron :
estimator for all grid points vs
distance from true vertex
best fit
for the primary fit :
1. grid analysis (5cm spacing) in MEMPHYNO
2. good resolution for downwards electrons in x-y plane where is the PMTs’ module (shown)
3. resolution becomes worse as pz/p increases due to one PMTs’ module : best for perpendicular electrons
electrons generated at the detector’s centre
direction
solid up to 450 around –z
dashed up to 250 around –z
direction
solid up to 450 around –z
dashed up to 250 around –z
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MEMPHYNO MEMPHYNO muons 1 GeVmuons 1 GeV
light propagation effect of OPs :light propagation effect of OPs : check correlation of PMT time with distance between check correlation of PMT time with distance between
muon’s exit point and detection PMT’s coordinatesmuon’s exit point and detection PMT’s coordinates
pz/p = -1pz/p = -1 pz/p = -1
pz/p < 0
pz/p = -1 : later produced OPs are detected first pz/p < 0 : relation not clean
entry/exit: edgesentry/exit: middle
diagonal
trajectory
entry/exit: centre
μ
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MEMPHYNO MEMPHYNO simulation worksimulation work
any detector layout parametrization and any detector layout parametrization and analysis analysis
ring reconstruction and PMT analysis ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools graphics tools
one detector design example & plots one detector design example & plots
by E. Richard Stagiaire @APC-PARISby E. Richard Stagiaire @APC-PARIS
first steps towards event reconstruction & PID first steps towards event reconstruction & PID
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MEMPHYS: conclusions, since NNN06MEMPHYS: conclusions, since NNN06
the physics case is still strong, some new studiesthe physics case is still strong, some new studies
LAGUNA has been approved and will finance more site studies in Fréjus as well LAGUNA has been approved and will finance more site studies in Fréjus as well as further steps with analysis code and physics studies, in collaboration with LENA as further steps with analysis code and physics studies, in collaboration with LENA and GLACIERand GLACIER
the photodetector R&D is in progress (PMmthe photodetector R&D is in progress (PMm22))
a new MC based in GEANT4 is in construction, studies in :a new MC based in GEANT4 is in construction, studies in : vertex findingvertex finding light propagationlight propagation
a prototype MEMPHYNO is in the design phase to be constructed in 2008-2009. It a prototype MEMPHYNO is in the design phase to be constructed in 2008-2009. It will provide studies on:will provide studies on:
DAQDAQ self triggeringself triggering threshold studiesthreshold studies
work on simulation, mechanical design, PMT R&D at APC & LALwork on simulation, mechanical design, PMT R&D at APC & LAL
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search for search for p p e e++ 00 (3 showering event), (3 showering event), efficiency ~ 43% efficiency ~ 43%
predictions: predictions: pp~10~103434-10-103636 yrs yrs bdg: bdg: p p > 1.6x10> 1.6x103333yrs by SKyrs by SK p p > 1.6x10> 1.6x103535yrs at 90% CL for 5Mt.yr yrs at 90% CL for 5Mt.yr by MEMPHYSby MEMPHYS
MEMPHYS coverage 30% with 12”PMTs is equivalent MEMPHYS coverage 30% with 12”PMTs is equivalent to coverage 40% with 20”PMTs in terms of #PE. to coverage 40% with 20”PMTs in terms of #PE.
MEMPHYS relies on the study by UNO, adapting the MEMPHYS relies on the study by UNO, adapting the resultsresults
MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, p p e e++ 00
atm - e N e N ' 0
HH22O is best for this channelO is best for this channel
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search for search for p p K (K K (K++ below below cherenkov threshold so the cherenkov threshold so the channel is channel is detected via the decay products of detected via the decay products of KK++ ) )
• KK monoenergetic monoenergetic + 6.3 MeV + 6.3 MeV prompt-prompt- from capture from capture
• K K ++00 with with
predictions: predictions: pp~3x10~3x103333-3x10-3x103434 yrs yrs p p > 2.3x10> 2.3x103333yrs by SKyrs by SK pp ~ 2x1~ 2x1003434yrs for 5Mt.yr by MEMPHYS yrs for 5Mt.yr by MEMPHYS
MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, p p K K
v
HH22O not as good as LAr, LsintO not as good as LAr, Lsint
v
v
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MEMPHYS: SN MEMPHYS: SN νν in water in water ČČerenkov detectorserenkov detectors
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MEMPHYS: SN and MEMPHYS: SN and θθ13 13 informationinformation
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MEMPHYS: SN neutronization burstMEMPHYS: SN neutronization burst
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MEMPHYS: SN shockwave informationMEMPHYS: SN shockwave information
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CERN-MEMPHYS: CERN-MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with Oscillation measurements with beams beams sensitivity to the mass hierarchysensitivity to the mass hierarchy
NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 3535
MEMPHYS: MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with Oscillation measurements with beams beamssensitivity to octant of sensitivity to octant of θθ2323
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MEMPHYNO: MEMPHYNO: muons 1 GeVmuons 1 GeV
# of PMTs per muon, # of PEs per PMT, opticalphotons’ arrival times : # of PMTs per muon, # of PEs per PMT, opticalphotons’ arrival times :
blacksheet reflective
blacksheet reflectivity=0
10k muons generated over the detector’s surface with pz / p = -110k muons generated over the detector’s surface with pz / p = -1
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MEMPHYNO MEMPHYNO further simulation workfurther simulation work
any detector layout parametrization and analysis any detector layout parametrization and analysis
ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools
One detector example One detector example
by E.Richard Stagiaire @APCby E.Richard Stagiaire @APC
NNN07 - 04/10/07NNN07 - 04/10/07 4040
MEMPHYNOMEMPHYNO detector analysis tools for MEMPHYS/MEMPHYNOdetector analysis tools for MEMPHYS/MEMPHYNO
Plots by E.RichardPlots by E.Richard
Stagiaire @APCStagiaire @APC
first steps towards event reconstruction & PID first steps towards event reconstruction & PID
V
VV
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