nobel prize in physics 2011
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Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
Saul PerlmutterSupernova Cosmology ProjectBerkeley, USA
Brian P. SchmidtHigh-z Supernova Search TeamWeston Creek, Australia
Adam G. RiessHigh-z Supernova Search TeamBaltimore, USA
“for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae”
David Blaschke, IFT Seminar, Wroclaw University, 9.12.2011
SN 1006 :Remnant of Supernova Type Ia
Cosmic Dynamics
Standard Candles ...
Cepheids (... 29 Mpc)(period - luminosity)
Tully-Fisher relation (... 50 Mpc)(galaxy rotation - luminosity)
Supernovae Ia ( > 1000 Mpc)(unique lightcurve peak luminosity)
The Cosmic Distance Ladder
1 Mpc = 3.26 million ly = 3.085 1022 m
Luminosity distance dL:
(L – absolute; l - apparent)
The Strategy
Supernovae Typ Iaas standard candles
The picture of a galaxy
Supernova 1995ar (red arrow) shines as bright as a galaxy
White dwarf star accretes mass from a companion star ...
At 1.4 M_solar the white dwarf explodes in a supernova type Ia
Type Ia ? The lightcurve decides!
The same galaxy, three weeks later.
Supernovae Typ Iaas standard candles
The picture of a galaxy
Supernova 1995ar (red arrow) shines as bright as a galaxy
The same galaxy, three weeks later.
Analysis Method
“Supernova on Demand”- sample thousands of Galaxies during new moon- observe same patches 3 weekslater: find dozens of SNe- for close-to-peak brightnessSNe start follow-up observationsOn world's largest
telescopes
The Result: 27 % Matter (4% Atoms, 23% Dark), 73% Vacuum (Dark) Energy
Independent Confirmation: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Fluctuations
Independent Confirmation: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Fluctuations
Independent Confirmation: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Fluctuations
Summary of Results
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