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1 Nokia Siemens Networks
Towards 100 Gigabit Ethernet Transmission
Getting The Most Out Of A Single Wavelength
Dark Fibre Convention, 1213 June 2008
Michael Finkenzeller, IPT DWDM
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2 Nokia Siemens Networks
Drive
Processing Power
StorageNetworking
Flexibility
Carrie
r Grad
e
Qualit
y
More forless money
New App-lications
New B
usine
ss
Mode
ls
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3 Nokia Siemens Networks
Drive And Get Driven
Processing Power
StorageNetworking
CostReduction
Flexibility
Carrie
r Grad
e
Qualit
y
More forless money
New App-lications
New B
usine
ss
Mode
ls
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4 Nokia Siemens Networks
Industry Challenge:100x traffic growth at lowest TCO
Key trends
100-fold trafficincrease
at lowest TCO
Bandwidth hungryapplications (P2P, Grid Computing ...)
Global meshing of data centers drives backbone traffic
Powerful newdevices with flat-fee subscription
Unicast TV/video will drive exponential growth in traffic
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5 Nokia Siemens Networks
Agenda
Some DWDM Background Info 100G Transmission Technology 100G Ethernet Conclusion
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6 Nokia Siemens Networks
WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Each coloured wavelength represents one WDM channel Multiplexing of separate signals on same Fibre
Glass Prism Glass Prism
White LightSpectrum
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7 Nokia Siemens Networks
Signal Quality Degradation in Optical Systems
Signal degradation
Attenuation Noise Non-linear effectsDispersionM
U
X
DEM
UX
/ Chromatic dispersion tolerance decrease/ Polarization Mode Dispersion tolerance decrease/ OSNR tolerance decrease/ Non Linear Effects
Bit rate increase to 100Gb/s
New transmission techniques New optical modulation
schemes New dispersion management
techniques New components
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8 Nokia Siemens Networks
Native transport versus concatenated within DWDM layer
Native 40/100G (serial)
optimal use of network capacity easy service routing easy to implement services in
meshed network
/ not yet same reach as 10G
Concatenated nx10G (parallel)
less optical impairments more easy to obtain higher reach
/ routing as bundle of wavelengths necessary/ congests network (especially
cumbersome in partially filled meshed network)
Its a simple calculation: 80 x 10G = 0,8 Tbit/s vs 8 Tbit/s with 100G.Better scalability and simple maintenance: One service, one port
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9 Nokia Siemens Networks
Fibreamplifiers
Error-correcting codes Phase
modulation
Electronic equalization
Years
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
x
C
a
p
a
c
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t
y
Today
Wavelength-division multiplexing
??
? ?
E
Technology Trends in 40G/100G
Enabling technologies:Modulation formats (DPSK, DQPSK)Polarization-Multiplexing (PolMux)
Coherent receivers
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10 Nokia Siemens Networks
Agenda
Some DWDM Background Info 100G Transmission Technology 100G Ethernet Conclusion
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11 Nokia Siemens Networks
Nokia Siemens Networks DWDM 40G/100G history1998 First 40G DWDM worldwide1999 World record: 80 x 40G2000 World record: 176 x 40G2001 World record for field fiber, collaboration with MCI, 80 x 40G, live traffic2003 40G field trial with T-Com: error free operation since October 2003, still up
and running2003 160 Gbit/s / field trial with optical time-division multiplex over 280
km with BT2004 demonstration of 1700km transmission of 40G on already installed 10G
system in collaboration with AT&T2005 40G included in T-Com frame agreement, first link with 40G up and
running2006 First company to perform mass roll-out of 40G technology2006 First field trial on 107 Gbit/s / transmission with pure electrical time-
division multiplex over 160 km in collaboration with AT&T2007 More than 600 40G transponders sold
First 10 x 111Gbit/s / transmission on 50GHz grid over 2400km
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12 Nokia Siemens Networks
2006: 107 Gbit/s transmission over 160kmTransmission line: 2x80-km field NZDSF, 19.7 dB attenuation per span Direct optical 107 Gb/s generation and additional filtering Electrical processing of 107 Gb/s in single chip after photo
diode Q-factor: 10.4dB btb, 9.6dB after 160km
TXPre
comp80 km
Installed fiber
DCF80 kmInstalled
fiber
DCFRX
Optical Eye Diagramof 107Gbit/s signal
Photo of single chip clock & data recovery and 1:2 demux for 107Gbit/s
Field trial using ETDM sender and receiver.
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13 Nokia Siemens Networks
Classification Of Optical Modulation Schemes
ModulationSchemes
Amplitude Phase
BinaryOOK (NRZ)
DuobinaryPSBT
Binary:(DPSK)
Multilevel:(D)QPSK
Poll-Mux:P-DPSK
CP-QPSK
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14 Nokia Siemens Networks
On Off Keying vs. Differential Phase-Shift Keying
Symbol separation factor 2 better3dB better receiver sensitivity
100G clock 100G data
( )
Transmitter OOK Receiver: Direct detection
00 0 0 00
Intensity
Phase
DPSK Receiver: Balanced detection
Intensity
PhaseMZDI
T+
-0 0 0
0 0
DPSKOOK
DPSK has additional informationin phase of signal
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15 Nokia Siemens Networks
Modulation formats: multiple bits per symbol
0
DPSK
(0,)
(0,0)
(,0)
(, )
POLMUX-DPSK
1 bit/symbol 2 bits/symbol
DQPSK
0
/2
3/2
4 bits/symbol
POLMUX-DQPSK
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16 Nokia Siemens Networks
COHERENT 111-Gbit/s POLMUX-DQPSK(CP-QPSK)
111-Gbit/s POLMUX-(N)RZ-DQPSK transmitter: Polarization multiplexing
Intensity
Phase||Phase
0 0 3/2/2/2 3/23/20 /2
||
27.75G data HA
27.75G data HB27.75G clock
27.75G data VA
27.75G data VB
MZ
/2
PBS
MZ
MZ
MZ /2
POLMUX-(N)RZ-DQPSK receiver: Coherent detection
90
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Post ProcessingXI
XQ
YQ
YI
X00
90hyb 90
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X90
Y0
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LO PCPC
TDS6154C
9 Very narrow spectral width => Use of existing 50Ghz grid WDM systems9 Use of low spec 40-G electrical components9 Chromatic dispersion and PMD are compensated electrically (1st time for 100Gb/s)9 Coherent detection allows electrical polarization de-multiplexing
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17 Nokia Siemens Networks
Experimental setup: 10 channels with 111Gbit/s each (100GbE + EFEC) on a 50GHz grid Alternative modulation format POLMUX-RZ-DQPSK Completely electronic modulation and demodulation 2375km of SSMF and 5 add-drop nodes Coherent detection and equalization for polarization recovery and high chromatic
dispersion tolerance
As broad as 10G same infrastructure
usable!
2007: 10 x 111 Gbit/s transmission over 2375 km
Possible to use todays 10G infrastructure for 100G/ transmission
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
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12.5
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13.5
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-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000Residual chromatic dispersion at receiver (ps/nm)
B
E
R
2
0
l
o
g
(
Q
)
d
B
EFEC Limit
6x
95kmSSMF
Raman
WSS
AOM AOM
Post-compensation
Pre-compensation
LSPS
5x
DCF
RX
TX
DCF6x
95kmSSMF
Raman
WSS
AOM AOM
Post-compensation
Pre-compensation
LSPS
5x
DCF
RX
TX
DCF5x
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18 Nokia Siemens Networks
Agenda
Some DWDM Background Info 100G Transmission Technology 100G Ethernet Conclusion
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19 Nokia Siemens Networks
100GbE: IEEE and ITU-T are different worlds.
IEEE World ITU-T World10M, 100M, 1G, 10G Interfaces
10G Interfaces
100M, 1G, 10G Interfaces
Distances 100m 10/40km
155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G, 40G Interfaces
10G / 40G in OTN Distances 2km - nx1000km
155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G Interfaces
The IEEE world is short range and used factor 10 in the past.The ITU-T world is long range and used factor 4 in the past.
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20 Nokia Siemens Networks
Status 100GbE Standardization Status IEEE 802.3 Higher-Speed Study Group (HSSG)
Attendance predominantly interested in cost-efficient, mature transceiver alternatives for short-reach applications, transport networking vendors / service providers represent a minority. New: data center and server operators.
Description of standard is scheduled for 2008, finalization for 2009/2010. Data rate and de-skewing procedure are defined in study groups today.
Status ITU SG15 Q6 / Q11: Several OTU-4 proposals in G.709 are under discussion (111 - 112 Gb/s or 130Gb/s),
new revision of G.709 including 100GbE transport capability planned for Feb 2008.
Line InterfaceClient InterfaceLine Data Rate
(1), 2, 3100GbE 3 x 40Gb/s (9 ..12 x10Gb/s)
130Gb/s
1, 2100GbE (9-10 x 10Gb)111-112Gb/s
Data rate 130G would delay 100GbE products availability for 2 years.Close coordination is needed for 100G and 40G.
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21 Nokia Siemens Networks
Mapping of 10GbE: Example where standard didnt much help
For 10GbE two different line interfaces (over-clocking).
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22 Nokia Siemens Networks
AT&T, Verizon Have Optical WishesJUNE 08, 2007
In a keynote on Wednesday, AT&T's Peter Magill said his company would need 100 Gig sooner rather than later.Magill says that AT&T is committed to meeting bandwidth demands, however, and in an interview after his keynote, he said that AT&T would deploy pre-standard 100-Gig technology if it had to, as long as it made economic sense.
source: Light Reading, October 03, 2007
Pre-Standard 100G?
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23 Nokia Siemens Networks
Turning Ethernet to carrier grade technology
Hard
QoS Scalability
OAM
&P
Availability
Relia
bilit
y
Carrier grade Ethernet
Technology
99.999% Hardware
redundancy Inter-card LAG
HSO
Pay-as-you-grow architecture
Port density and capacity
# of subscribers and services
Bandwidth allocation and optimization
Flexible SLA Hierarchical shaping:
per subscriber, per service
50mSec resiliency, ERP
Local and global protection
ISSU
Deterministic and secure traffic engineering
IEEE 802.1ag SLA monitoring
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24 Nokia Siemens Networks
Carrier Ethernet Transport Networks
Minimize intermediate routing - offload routers
Functionality only Functionality only where neededwhere needed
Optimal mixOptimal mix of intermediategrooming and routing and
transparent bypass(Ethernet + WDMEthernet + WDM)
Native transport of business services on
the lowest possible layer the lowest possible layer (Ethernet or WDM) dependent on
service requirements and cost
WDM
IP
Carrier Ethernet Transport
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25 Nokia Siemens Networks
Power and mechanical design is OpEx that we can control
Terabit core router
Power consumption of 13kW
723 kg chassis fully configured
Source: Internal analysis
Power consumption (in kW) for 100Gig
Router1
Switch0.5
SDH0.2 ROADM
0.04
Future
Power consumption (in kW) for 100Gig
Router0.6
Switch0.2
Features / sophisticated Backward compatibility
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26 Nokia Siemens Networks
Agenda
Some DWDM Background Info 100G Transmission Technology 100G Ethernet Conclusion
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27 Nokia Siemens Networks
Historical Volume Growth AMS-IX
source: AMS-IX
Every 30 months traffic increased with factor 10.
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28 Nokia Siemens Networks
Future Bandwidth Requirements
[source: EU-IST MUSE]
And there is no stopping in sight: Ideas for 2015 to have Super Hi-Vision (UHDTV) with 16x pixel resolution of HDTV, BW >500 Mbit!
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29 Nokia Siemens Networks
Conclusion
Demand for 100G is real. IP based applications are main driver. Main payload will be Ethernet based services.
100G: Technology is on the right track. Operation of 100G native on 10G infrastructure is feasible. 100GbE standardization is key factor for products in 2010.
Standardization Issues Transport: client side and line side have to be synchronized Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET) provides simplification and cost
savings for future
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30 Nokia Siemens Networks
Thank You!
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