norbert hoyer heavy oil
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Multiphase flow simulators for heavy oil;
Innovations to be expected
Norbert Hoyer
February 2009
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Heavy Crude Oils
Heavy crude oils much moreimportant now than in past
Constitute large part of
remaining oil reserves
Type API gravity Density
(kg/m3)
Viscosity
(cP) s.t.c.
Bitumen 10,000
Extra heavy oil < 10 1000+ > 1000Heavy oil 10 22.3 920 1000 > 100
Medium oil 22.3 31.1 870 920 10 100
Light oil > 31.1 < 870 < 10
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Heavy Crude OilsHeavy Oil production may require specific
Production methods
Transportation methods Multiphase flow modelling
Laminar flow
Closure relations like void in slugs
Non-Newtonian flow
Flow patterns and transitions
Separation
Fluid properties Viscosities
Emulsions
Thermal flow behaviour
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Heavy Crude Oil Production Methods Primary production methods
Pumping
Multilateral wells Cold production with sand (CHOPS)
Cold EOR
Water flooding
Vapour extraction
Thermal methods
SAGD
Other(Picture: trehugger.com)
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Heavy crude oil transportation challenges
High oil viscosity
Wax and sand increase the problem Water droplets can increase or decrease viscosity Small drops give increase, large drops give decrease
Flow enhancement methods:
Keep oil temperature high Emulsify oil in water
Upgrade oil in situ
Dilute oil with condensate or light oil
Each of these methods viable under some conditions Each have their own challenges
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Emulsion Properties
Natural and added surfactantsinfluence
Interfacial tension and interfacialrheology
Emulsion stability
Phase inversion
Particles (fines) often increase
emulsion stability Newtonian and non-Newtonian
Large differences in predict ions
Major variables:
Water cut Droplet sizes
Shear rate
Temperature
Wax appearance temperature
Inversion point
WC
inv
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OLGA development levels
General development Improvements and new functionality
OVIP JIP OLGA Validation and Improvement Project
Wellbore and Near Wellbore JIP
SAGD and other improvements, OLGA Rocx
HORIZON JIP Long distance transport /complex deep water
fields
Next generation of OLGA Flow models
FACE JIP Virtual Mult iphase Flow Assurance Center
(SFI/CRI)
IFE - SINTEF - NTNU
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SPT working with lead users in Joint Industry
projects like HORIZON and OVIP
"OLGA"RESEARCH
Research
1998
PRODUCTION
VERSION
OLGA usercommunity
2009
"OLGA"
TUFFP
http://www.bp.com/home.do?categoryId=1&contentId=2006973http://www.petronas.com/http://www.bp.com/home.do?categoryId=1&contentId=2006973http://www.bp.com/home.do?categoryId=1&contentId=2006973http://www.statoilhydro.com/no/ -
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Heavy oil work in OVIP 2007-2009
New emulsion viscosity correlations in OLGA
Implemented correlations from open literature
Additional, improved correlation to be implemented
Improved table based input of emulsion viscosity
Modify correlation for oil-water mixing in OLGA
Stratification of oil and water at intermediate water cuts
OLGA tends to underpredict pressure drop forheavy oils
We need more detailed lab data for modelling
Slug flow
Oil/water flow
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Cross sectional flow model:
Laminar heavy oil layer turbulent gas
The Pre-integrated 2D model is combined with OLGA, yielding
a 3D model with 1D computation time
Gas: 2D velocity distribution from Horizon model
Liquid: 2D velocity distr ibution from
analytic solution for laminar flow
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Tulsa Fluid Flow Project
SPT Group participates in the Tulsa Fluid Flow Projectthrough the OVIP program in order to get high
viscosity heavy oil flow data
The OVIP program is also sponsoring a gamma
instrument for TUFFP delivered by IFE
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Systematic approach to improve OLGAs
simulation capabilities
Provide new technologies for specific productionmethods
Single component f low for steam /SAGD (and CO2)
First step in sand transportation modeling through JIP
HORIZON I
Update flow models and closure relations inongoing JIP OVIP 2007-2009
Specific tasks improving f low modeling Data collection through TUFFP
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OLGA Technology Roll-Out
Increasing interest for heavy oils in industry
SPT Group accelerating related developments
Stepwise roll-out of flow model improvements withrespect to heavy oil features
Some enabling technologies like single component flowmodels for steam (and also CO2) already available now
SAGD
Annual releases through OVIP project
OVIP improvements implemented in following annualmain releases of OLGA
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Acknowledgments
Thanks to contributions from:
Jan Nossen (IFE)
Dag Biberg (SPT Group)
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