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North America: The Human Landscape
Current News and Weather Finish Slides Environmental Issues Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity Economic and Social Development For Next Class: Unnatural Causes Background
at www.unnaturalcauses.org
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xc4ixx_weatherman-freaking-out-over-dc-sno_shortfilms
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
• Uneven pattern of distribution
• Megalopolis• Census data
Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
• European settlement expansion– 1st Stage
(1600–1750)– 2nd Stage
(1750–1850)– 3rd Stage
(1850–1910)
Population: Historic Patterns
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
9•
European S
ettlement
Expansion
–1st S
tage (1600–1750)
–2n
d S
tage (1750–1850)
–3rd
Stage (1850–1910)
Figure 3.13
Population: Historic Patterns
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
10
•W
estward M
igration
•A
frican-Am
erican Migration
from the S
outh
•R
ural-to-Urban M
igration
•M
igration to the Sunbelt
South
•N
onmetropolitan G
rowth
Figure 3.14
North Americans on the Move
• Amenity Migration: Process of people moving to areas due to actual or perceived higher environmental quality
• Push Factors: Urban environments (traffic, density, stress, pollution, limited recreation, etc.)
• Pull Factors: Recreational opportunities (skiing, biking, kayaking), open space, rural lifestyle, public land, etc.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
18
•A
merican C
ity Grow
th–
Changing T
ransportation Technologies
–U
rban Decentralization
Figure 3.16
Historical Evolution of the City
• Stage I – Walking-Horsecar Era– Pedestrian city characterized by
compactness
• Stage II – Electric Streetcar Era– Streetcar suburbs developed as the 30-
minute travel radius expanded greatly– Helped to differentiate space in older core
city
• Stage III – Recreational Automobile Era– Automobiles and highways significantly
improved the accessibility of the outer metropolitan ring
– Mass wave of suburbanization resulted– Residential space became even more
partitioned by class and race
• Stage IV – Freeway Era– High speed expressways further extended
the 30-minute travel radius
Suburbanization
• A significant product of this Freeway Era has been suburbanization and the associated suburban sprawl that characterizes many landscapes across the country.
Gentrification
• Displacement of lower income residents of central-city neighborhoods with higher income residents
• Rehabilitation of deteriorated inner-city landscapes• Construction of new shopping complexes and/or
entertainment complexes
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
24
•G
entrification
•N
ew
Urbani
sm
Figure 3.18
Pittsburgh’s SouthSide Works neighborhood is evidence of an urban renaissance on the site of an old steel plant
Settlement Geographies: Urban
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
25
•U
rban P
eriphery
Figure 3.19
Suburban development in Douglas County, CO, miles south of Denver’s Central Business District
Settlement Geographies: Suburban
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
26•
Repeating geom
etric patterns are a hallm
ark of rural N
orth Am
erican landscapes–
Township and R
ange “stam
p” in Iowa
Figure 3.20
Settlement Geographies: Rural
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
• Globally dominant and diverse culture
• Close ties to Anglo roots
• Ethnic groups• Cultural
assimilation
Cultural Coherence and Diversity
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