note. 2 last time we talked about dietary lipids in sport today proteins are introduced followed by...

Note

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LAST TIME WE TALKED ABOUT DIETARYLIPIDS IN SPORT

TODAY PROTEINS ARE INTRODUCEDFOLLOWED BY DIETARY PROTEINS IN SPORTS ON 4 FEBRUARY

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LECTURE 9

PROTEINS

2 FEBRUARY 2015

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OUTLINE OF LECTURE 9

1) PROTEINS DEFINED2) AMINO ACID STRUCTURE3) AMINO ACIDS-AMINO DEFINITION -ESSENTIAL OR NOT -BUILDING BLOCKS4) PROTEIN STRUCTURE5) STRUCTURE DEFINES FUNCTION6) IDATME 7) REBUILD INTO STRUCTURE AND HENCE FUNCTION WE USE8) PROTEINS-ESSENTIAL OR NOT?- HEALTHY ROLES9) PROTEINS IN FOOD10) FAD DIETS11) PROTEINS- DRIs

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PROTEINS DEFINED

CONTAIN CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN JUST LIKE LIPIDS AND CARBOHYDRATES

BUT PROTEINS ALSO HAVE NITROGEN

SHAPE AND HENCE FUNCTION DEPENDS ON AMINO ACID SIDE CHAINS

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 Amino acids

Amino definition

Non-essential Essential Conditionally essential

Building blocks

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PROTEIN STRUCTURE

Variety

Shape-function

Loss of shape-loss of function acid, biochemically (e.g. urea formation) acid gives easier digestion

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PROTEIN STRUCTURE

STRUCTURE DEFINES FUNCTION

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 IDATME

Ingestion

-oral-whole proteins

-tube (eg orogastric)-whole proteins

-intravenous-amino acids

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 IDATME Digestion

Stomach-acid and pepsin

small intestine lumen-oligopeptides,tri- and dipeptides, and amino acids formed

 small intestine wall-tri- and dipeptides formed

into single amino acids

issues of dietary enzymes and pre-digested proteins

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 IDATME

Digestion

file:///D:/Media/Animations/chapter6/0606.html

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IDATME

Absorption

Carriers-facilitated

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Transport  Blood-amino acids alone

or as part of proteins

IDATME

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PROTEIN ANABOLISM 

DNA TO PROTEIN

file:///D:/Media/Animations/chapter6/0607.html

Fig. 6-7, p. 188

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 REBUILD INTO STRUCTURE AND HENCEFUNCTION PRIMARYSECONDARYTERTIARYQUATERNARY GLOBULAR FIBROUS 

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 STRUCTURE IN THE BODY PRIMARYSECONDARYTERTIARYQUATERNARY GLOBULAR FIBROUS 

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PROTEIN CATABOLISM

-proteins catabolised to amino acids

-amino acids converted to other molecules – eg glucose, urea, creatinine

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PROTEIN CATABOLISM

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PROTEIN EXCRETION

Urine – urea and creatinine

Faeces- unabsorbed amino acids and proteins

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PROTEINS ESSENTIAL OR NOT?

YES- FUNCTIONS

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PROTEINS ESSENTIAL OR NOT?

YES- FUNCTIONS

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS

CHAPERONES

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

ENZYMESproteasescarbohydraseslipases

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

TRANSPORT PROTEINSlipoproteinshemoglobinglucose transportersamino acid transporters

sodium potassium transporter

file:///D:/Media/Animations/chapter6/0610.html

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

NUTRIENT AND STORAGE PROTEINS

nutrient proteinsovalbumincasein

storage proteinsferritin

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

CONTRACTILE OR MOTILE PROTEINS

actinmyosin

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

STRUCTURAL PROTEINScollagenelastinkeratin

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

DEFENCE PROTEINS

antibodiesfibrinogenthrombin

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

REGULATORY PROTEINSinsulinparathyroid hormone

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONSCONTINUED

RECEPTOR PROTEINSinsulinLDL

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

SIGNALLING PROTEINSinsulin sets offsignalling cascade forglycogen synthesis

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

ENERGY

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BIND, CATALYSE AND BUILD

PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

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PROTEINS IN FOODS

Complete-meats fish poultry -eggs milk cheese -SOYBEANS –

- QUINOA- BUT CAUTION

Incomplete-corn, peanuts, peas -navybeans -grains, nuts, sunflower and sesame seeds

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 PROTEINS IN FOODS CONTINUED

Complementary proteins-corn and beans-rice and beans-bread and peanut butter-macaroni and cheese

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PROTEINS IN FOODS CONTINUEDBREADS, GRAINS, CEREALS

BREAD –2 SLICES -2 GRAMS PROTEIN 1 ROLL-2 GRAMS PROTEIN RICE-1/2 CUP COOKED- 2 GRAMS PROTEIN

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PROTEINS IN FOODS CONTINUEDFRUITS AND VEGETABLES CANNED PEARS-1/2 CUP- 1 GRAM PROTEIN 1 APPLE- MEDIUM-400 MG PROTEIN CARROT STICKS- 1 CARROT-1 GRAM PROTEIN ASPARAGUS – ½ CUP- 2.8 GRAMS PROTEIN

SOYBEANS-1/2 CUP COOKED-11 GRAMS PROTEIN

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PROTEINS IN FOODS CONTINUEDMILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS

 FAT FREE MILK- ½ CUP- 4 GRAMS PROTEIN ICE CREAM-2/3 CUP-3 GRAMS PROTEIN CHEESE-84 GRAMS- 24 GRAMS PROTEIN

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Proteins in foods continuedMEATS, POULTRY, FISH AND NUTS  CHICKEN BREAST – 84 GRAMS- 26 GRAMS PROTEIN      

ROAST PORK-84 GRAMS-22.5 GRAMS PROTEIN 

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PROTEINS IN FOODS CONTINUED

ROAST BEEF –84 GRAMS-22 GRAMS PROTEIN FISH- 84 GRAMS-16-20 GRAMS PROTEINS NUTS –84 GRAMS-15 GRAMS MOST NUTS

CHESTNUTS ARE 1.8 GRAMS PROTEIN

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FADS IN PROTEIN DIETS

DR. ATKINS DIET  the same high protein, high fat, high cholesterol diet reincarnate

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ATKINS DIET CONTINUED

In the '60's it was the Atkins diet, in the 70's it became the Stillman Diet

and in the'80's it became the Scarsdale Diet. Protein Power Plan in the '90's.

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FAD DIETS – AVOID!!!!

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DIETARY INTAKE RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDED INTAKES OF PROTEIN

DRI – 0.8 grams of protein per kg body weight/day healthy adults (19 and up) -10-35 percent of daily calories from protein -compare to 45-65 % from carbohydrate -compare to 20-35 % from fat

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SUMMARY OF LECTURE 9

1) PROTEINS DEFINED2) AMINO ACID STRUCTURE3) AMINO ACIDS-AMINO DEFINITION -ESSENTIAL OR NOT -BUILDING BLOCKS4) PROTEIN STRUCTURE5) STRUCTURE DEFINES FUNCTION6) IDATME 7) REBUILD INTO STRUCTURE AND HENCE FUNCTION WE USE8) PROTEINS-ESSENTIAL OR NOT?- HEALTHY ROLES9) PROTEINS IN FOOD10) FAD DIETS11) PROTEINS- DRIs

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NEXT LECTURE

DIETARY PROTEINS IN SPORTS