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NUCLEAR REACTORS
PRESENTED BY:ANUPAM SINGH
K GOURI SHANKAR
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION NUCLEAR REACTION NUCLEAR REACTOR NUCLEAR REACTOR COMPONENTS TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS GENERATIONS OF NUCLEAR REACTORS NUCLEAR REACTORS IN INDIA
NUCLEAR REACTION
A process in which the structure and energy content of an atomic nucleus is changed by interaction with another nucleus or particle .
FISSION REACTION
FUSION REACTION
NUCLEAR REACTOR
NEUCLEAR REACTOR-MAIN PARTS
REACTOR VESSEL REACTOR CORE FUEL MODERATOR CONTROL RODS COOLANT REFLECTORS SHIELDING
TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR
MAGNOX(BASIC GAS COOLED REACTOR) AGR(ADVANCED GAS COOLED REACTORS) PWR(PRESSURISED WATER REACTOR) BWR(BOILING WATER REACTOR) FBR(FAST BREEDER REACTOR) CANDU(PRESSURISED HEAVY WATER
REACTOR) RBMK(WATER COOLED GRAPHITE
MODERATED)
MAGNOX REACTOR
FUEL-0.7% (natural uranium metal) & magnesium alloy cladding.
MODERATOR- Graphite COOLANT-Carbon Dioxide Outlet Temperature-360 degree Celsius Pressure-300psia Efficiency-31%
MAGNOX
AGR REACTOR
FUEL-uranium dioxide enriched to 2.3% natural uranium.
CLADDING- Stainless steel cladding. MODERATOR- Graphite COOLANT-Carbon Dioxide Outlet Temperature- 650 degree celsius Pressure- 600psia Efficiency- 42%
AGR
PWR REACTOR
FUEL-uranium dioxide enriched to 3.2% natural uranium.
CLADDING- Zirconium alloy cladding. MODERATOR- light water COOLANT- light water Outlet Temperature- 317 degree celsius Pressure- 2235psia Efficiency- 32%
PWR
FAST BREEDER REACTOR
FUEL-NATURAL URANIUM
MODERATOR-NONE
COOLANT-LIQUID SODIUM PLUTONIUM IS PRODUCED DURING NUCLEAR
REACTION
FBR
BWR REACTOR
FUEL-uranium dioxide enriched to 2.4% natural uranium.
CLADDING- Zirconium alloy cladding.
MODERATOR- Light Water
COOLANT- Light Water
Outlet Temperature- 286 degree celsius
Pressure- 1050psia
Efficiency- 32%
BWR
CANDU REACTOR
FUEL-Un- enriched uranium dioxide to 0.7% natural uranium.
CLADDING- Zirconium Alloy cladding.
MODERATOR- heavy water
COOLANT- heavy Water
Outlet Temperature- 305 degree celsius
Pressure- 1285psia
Efficiency- 30%
CANDU(CANADIAN DEUTERIUM URANIUM)
RBMK REACTOR
FUEL- uranium dioxide enriched to 1.8 % natural uranium.
CLADDING- Zirconium Alloy cladding. MODERATOR- Graphite COOLANT- Light Water Outlet Temperature- 284 Pressure- 1000psia Efficiency- 31%
RBMK(LIGHT WATER GRAPHITE REACTOR)
REACTOR GENERATIONS
Gen I Prototypes in 50’s & 60’s
Gen II 70’s & 80’s Today’s Operational
Reactors BWR, PWR, CANDU, …
Gen III ABWR, APWR Approved 90’s Some Built around the
World
Gen III+ Current Advanced Designs
in the Approval Process Pebble Bed Reactor
Gen IV Deploy in 2030 Economical Safe Minimize Waste Reduce Proliferation
NUCLEAR PROGRAM: PRESENT STATUS IN INDIA
18 PHWR & 2 BWR now under operation 4 PHWR and 2 LWR under commission 6730 MW generation & 4300 MW under
commission Successful experiments with Fast Breeder Test
Reactor (FBTR) Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) for
500MWe under construction Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) using
(Pu-Th) for 300MWe: advanced stage of design approval; construction soon to begin.
RESEARCH REACTORS IN INDIA
Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) – Trombay Apsara reactor – 1 MWT, pool type, light water moderated, enriched
uranium fuel supplied by France CIRUS reactor – 40 MWT, supplied by Canada, heavy water
moderated, uses natural uranium fuel Dhruva reactor – 100 MWT, heavy water moderated, uses natural
uranium fuel Indira Gandhi for Atomic Research Center
(IGCAR)– Kalpakkam PFBR – 500MWe Sodium cooled fast breeder nuclear reactor under
construction. Expected completion 2013. FBTR – 40 MWT Fast Breeder Test Reactor, uses mixed (plutonium
and uranium) carbide fuel KAMINI –30 kWT, uses U-233 fuel
THANK YOU
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