nssh science 2013-2014. families on the periodic table elements on the periodic table can be grouped...

NSSH Science2013-2014

Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be

grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.

Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.

Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

Rare Earth MetalsSome are

RadioactiveThe rare

earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.

Conduct electricity

Please choose your colors and color in these sections in the first periodic table on your handout.

Properties of MetalsMetals are good

conductors of heat and electricity.

Metals are shiny.Metals are ductile (can be

stretched into thin wires).Metals are malleable (can

be pounded into thin sheets).

A chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion.

Properties of Non-MetalsNon-metals are poor

conductors of heat and electricity.

Non-metals are not ductile or malleable.

Solid non-metals are brittle and break easily.

They are dull.Many non-metals are

gases.

Sulfur

Properties of MetalloidsMetalloids (metal-like)

have properties of both metals and non-metals.

They are solids that can be shiny or dull.

They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals.

They are ductile and malleable.

Silicon

ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member, it is

a non-metal1 electron in the outer shell

(valence electron)Soft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with waterNever found as free elements in

natureConduct electricity

Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

ALKALI METALS

Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

Sodium (Na) in Oil Lithium (Li) in Water

Cutting an Alkali Metal

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the

outer shellWhite and malleableReactive, but less

than Alkali metalsAlso not found

uncombined in nature

Conduct electricity

ALKALINE EARTH METALSAlkaline Metal Examples

Flame colors produced by Alkaline Metals

Fireworks Show using Alkaline Earth Metals

TRANSITION METALSGroups in the middle

Number of valence electrons can vary

Heavier metalsGood conductors of

heat and electricityHigh melting/boiling

pointsSome are used for

jewelryHighly malleable DuctileCan form alloys –

physical mixtures of metals

TRANSITION METALS

Tin

Silver

Copper Wire

Bronze Alloy

Tin + Copper

Rare Earth Elements (Inner Transitional Elements)

Composed of the lanthanide and actinide series.

Most of the elements in the actinide series are synthetic or man-made.

Uranium Ore

Most inner transitional elements are radioactive and unstable

Rare Earth Elements (Inner Transitional Elements)

HalogensGroup 177 electrons in the outer

shellAll are non-metalsVery reactive are often

bonded with elements from Group 1 (form halides)

Come naturally in pairs –diatomic molecules

Halogens

Cl2, Br2, I2

Noble GasesGroup 18Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the

outer shell = FullHelium (He) has

only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full

Not reactive with other elements

Noble Gases Valence Electrons

13 14 15 16 17 18