nucleus: protons and neutrons electrons: “whizzing” around empty space between the nucleus and...

• Nucleus: protons and neutrons• Electrons: “whizzing” around • Empty space between the nucleus and

electrons

• A neutron walked into a bar and asked how much for a drink. The bartender replied, "for you, no charge."

How big is an atom?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNK1mQfNeik

What should a Model look like?

Scientific models may not always look like the actual object. A model is an attempt to use familiar ideas

to describe unfamiliar things in a visual way.

This is a painting of a young woman by Pablo Picasso. Does it actually look like a young woman?

Is this really an Atom?

The model above represents the most modern version of the atom.

(Artist drawing)

Many of the models that you have seen may look like the one below. It shows the parts and structure of the atom. Even though we do not know what an atom looks like, scientific models must be based on evidence.

• The atomic number tells us how many protons. An element is determined by the number of protons.

Isotopes All atoms of an element

have the same number of protons but the

number of neutrons can vary. Atoms with the same number of protons and differing numbers of neutrons are called ISOTOPES.

How to determine # of Neutrons

• Number of Neutrons – (Subtract the Weight (round it off) by the atomic number)

Mass

What is the name of the molecule CH2O?

• Seawater

Energy Levels

1st energy level= 2, H & He

2nd energy level= 8

3rd energy level = 18…. But for simplicity sake =8

4th energy level = 322n^2

Valence Electrons – # of electrons in the outer shell

We only care about the outer electrons because it tells us how reactive the element is.

16

Nobles & Their Court

Two minutes will be given.You may make one trade, with one other person to try and become either a Noble or Court Member.

Hint: Are you closer to a Noble or Court Member before you start trading?

Round #1

17

Nobles & Their Court

1 - Peasants 2 - Servants 3 - Farmers 4 - Blacksmith 5 - Scribes 6 - Knights 7 - Wizards 8 - Nobles 0 - Court Members

Gem Counts

18

Nobles & Their Court

Round #2Three minutes will be given for trading.

You may now make a trade with multiple people.(If you have two gems to give up, you can trade with two people that need only one gem)Remember the people with which you trade.

19

Nobles & Their Court

Gems = Valence Electrons (Ve-)

Peasants = Alkali Metals = IA (1Ve-)Servants = Alkaline Earth Metals = IIA (2Ve-)Farmers = Boron Family = IIIA (3Ve-)Blacksmith = Carbon Family = IVA (4Ve-)Scribes = Nitrogen Family = VA (5Ve-)Knights = Oxygen Family = VIA (6Ve-)Wizards = Fluorine or Halogen Family = VII (7Ve-)Nobles = Noble Gases = VIII (8Ve-)

Lithium Video

Ionic Bonding – Takes Electrons

Does Not Play Well With Others

Covalent Bonding – Shares Electrons

Covalent bond

When two elements combine, the product has vastly different properties

than the parent elements.

Watch “Ionic & Covalent Bonding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzWwww”

Let’s Practice Bonding

H2

http://sciencespot.net/Media/chbondpracticepg.pdf

H2

Let’s Practice Bonding

H2

http://sciencespot.net/Media/chbondpracticepg.pdf

Polarity – Covalent bonds, but shared unequally.

Polar bonds play important roles

in physical properties:

melting points; boiling points;

viscosity; solubility.

Chemical Compounds

• Substances made of two or more elements that are chemically combined

• (Electrons control chemical bonds)• Compounds have very different physical and

chemical properties than the original substances (Sodium Chloride is an example).– - Video “Ionic and Covalent Bonding”

Chemical Bonding

• Two Major Types of Chemical Bonds• Covalent: Sharing electrons H2O• Ionic: Giving / Taking electrons NaCl

STOP HERE

Chemistry of Biology

• Organic Chemistry: the chemistry of ___________________.

• Carbon can form bonds with many substances and with itself. These compounds are necessary for life.

Macromolecules

• Macro means:– Large

• Molecule: – Compound formed From 2 or more atom.

Many

One

Polymer video – nylon making

• And make slime (Borax; Glue; • 1 teaspoon borax in 1 cup of water. Stir until

the borax is dissolved. • In a separate container, mix ½ cup (4 oz) white

glue with ½ cup water. Add food coloring, if desired.

• Combine the two solutions. Stir until polymerization happens.