nus - vo2 practical
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METABOLIC EXERCISE TESTING
CONCEPTS, PROCEDURES & APPLICATIONS
Lee Kai Wei Jason, PhD
Senior Member of Technical Staff
Military Physiology Laboratory
DMERI, DSO National Laboratories.
Tel: 6485 7106Email: lkaiwei@dso.org.sg
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Reasons for metabolic exercise testing
Basic components of VO2max testing
Commonly Adopted Criteria for VO2max
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2max
the highest rate of oxygen consumption attainableduring maximal or exhaustive exercise 1
1Wilmore JH & Costill DL. (2005) Physiology of Sport and Exercise: 3rd Ed. Champaign,
IL: Human Kinetics
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2max
Indicator of aerobic potential , not a predictor of successin endurance events
Largely hereditary, training has little effect on VO2 max
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2max
Indicator of aerobic potential , not a predictor of successin endurance events
Largely hereditary, training has little effect on VO2 max
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To evaluate:
Sub and maximal work capacity.
Effectiveness of training programmes.
Effectiveness or impact of intervention
Basis for exercise prescription
Diagnosis of cardiopulmonary
abnormalities.
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For evaluation of training programme
y = 4.938x - 19.496
R2 = 0.9979
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Speed [km/h]
V
O
2
[ m
l / m
i n / k
]
y = 11.14x + 7.0133
R2 = 0.9927
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
11 12 13 14 15 16
Speed [km/h]
H e a r t R a t e
[ b p m
]
3 months
later
3 months
later
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VO2: L. Min-1 VS ml.kg-1.min-1
Subject A
BW = 60kgVO2= 3 L.Min-1
VO2 in ml.kg-1.min-1
= 3000
60= 50 ml.kg-1.min-1
Subject B
BW = 70 kgVO2 = 3 L.Min-1
VO2 in ml.kg-1.min-1
= 3000
70= 43 ml.kg-1.min-1
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2max
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YesNoNoOxygen used?
Stored
carbohydrate,
fat and protein
Muscle glycogen
and blood glucose
Adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)
Fuel
SlowRapidImmediateRate of ATP
production
Low to
moderateHighHigh
Intensity of
activity
More than 2
min11-120s0-10 s
Duration of
activity
OxidativeGlycolyticATP-PCCharacteristics
Adapted from Walters and Byl (2008)
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So which sites
are limiting?
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Determining VO2 measurement by the Fick equation:
VO2 = Cardiac Output x A-V O2 Difference
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate Peripheral O2 ExtractionX
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Determining VO2 measurement by
respiratory equation:
VO2 = ( FIO2 x VI) (FEO2 x VE)
Inspired O2 content
(20.93% at sea level)
Inspired
Volume
(Measured)
Expired O2
(Measured)Expired
air volume
(Measured)
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Inspired Air
20.93% O2
0.03% CO2
79.04% N2X
Inspired Vol
Expired Air
FEO2
FECO2
FEN2
X
Expired Vol
± =
VO2
VCO2
VE
+B.Wt
VO2 l min-1
VO2 ml kg-1 min-1
VCO2
l Min-1
RERVE /VO2
Kcal
Regular calibration
necessary. Measured Derived
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Mode of testing should be appropriate to theindividual being tested.
For athletes, should be sport specific.
Incremental stages.
Continuous vs. Discontinuous.
2max
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2max
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A plateau is defined
as an increase in
oxygen consumption
of less than 2 ml·kg-
1·min-1 or 3% with
an increase in
exercise intensity.
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (VO2max)
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Heart rate increases in direct proportion to increases in
exercise intensity until close to the point of exhaustion.
HEART RATE (HR)
Heart rate within ± 10
beats·min-1 of the age-predicted maximum
HRmax = 220 - age in years.
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Blood lactate concentration rises with increasing
exercise intensity. A post-exercise blood lactateconcentration of 8 mmol·l-1 can be used as a
criterion for the achievement of VO2max
BLOOD LACTATE CONCENTRATION
RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION
A rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 19 or 20
on the Borg 6 to 20 rating of perceived exertion
scale can be used as a criteria for the attainmentof VO2max
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1) A plateau in oxygen consumption.
2) A RER value of 1.15 or above.
3) A heart rate within ± 10 beats·min-1
of age predicted maximum.
4) A VE/VO2 value > 30.
5) A post-exercise blood lactate
concentration of 8 mmol·l-1 or above.
6) A RPE of 19 or 20 on the Borg scale.
Commonly Adopted Criteria for VO2max
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