nutritional standards nfsc 100 dri food labels dietary guidelines my pyramid

NUTRITIONAL STANDARDSNFSC 100

DRI

Food Labels

Dietary Guidelines

My Pyramid

Nutrition Standards:A diet should be balanced and adequate

For more than 50 years, the RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowances, was the nutritional standard Focus:

Now is being replaced by the DRIs, Dietary Reference Intakes.

Difference Between Old RDA and New DRI:

DRIs use more than one set of values,Focus on ________________________,

not just preventing deficiency, andRecognize a need, in this age of

supplementation, for a _______________

___________________________________

DRI: Dietary Reference Intakes4 values:

EAR Estimated Average Requirement (population averages – used for research and public

policy setting)

RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowances safe and adequate intakes for most healthy people

AI : Adequate intakes (nutrient goals for individuals – set when there’s not

enough scientific evidence to set an RDA), and

UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

A Note about the RDA/DRI

Margin for safety -- not a minimum requirement

Meant to be met with food (big rocks)

NUTRITIONAL STANDARDS

DRIFood Labels Dietary GuidelinesMy Pyramid

Food Labels

Ingredients List

• descending order by weightBeverages w/juice must declare %juice

Weight:

1 oz. = 28.4g

(or about 30g)

130 mg

%DV = % Daily Value

Based on a 2000 kcal diet and the following reference values: Total fat: less than 65g Sat’d fat: less than 20g Cholesterol: less than 300mg Sodium: less than 2400mg Total CHO: 300g Protein: 25g

Legal Terms for Food LabelsLow fat: 3 g fat per serving.

Low saturated fat: 1 g sat’d fat per serving.

Low cholesterol: 20 mg cholesterol per serving.

Low sodium: 140 mg per serving.High fiber: 5 g or more fiber per serving

Good source: One serving provides at least 10% DV for a particular nutrient.

High in/Excellent Source: 20%+ DV for a particular nutrient

Reduced/Less: 25% less fat or fewer kcals than the regular (reference) food.

130 mg

Calculating % Kcals From Macronutrients1. Convert grams to kcals.

Prot. kcals + CHO kcals + fat kcals =

TOTAL KCALS

… always label your units!

2. Find % kcals from each macronutrient

Then you can compare these numbers to the standards.

130 mg

Using the same example, calculate %kcals from saturated fat and sugar

Sat’d fat:

Sugar:

Example 2:Calculate

1. Total kcals2. % kcals from each macronutrient

Total fat: 3g Saturated fat: 1g

Total Carbohydrate: 32gProtein: 3g

“Supplement Facts” Label

Manufacturers are not required to provide evidence of safety/efficacy

Burden of proof of safety and efficacy of a dietary supplement is on the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

Dietary Supplement

Vitamin

Mineral

Herb or botanical

Amino acid

Metabolite

Constituent

Extract

Or any combination of the above

Buyer-beware Market

Health/nutrition claims can legally be made as long as this appears on the label: “This statement has not been evaluated by the

FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease”

Progress?

Ten-year plan (HP2010) to develop a science-based regulatory program for dietary supplements.

Legally, marketers of supplements “must have above board scientific evidence to support any health claims.”

FDA still has the burden of proof.The industry is still largely unregulated.

Issue of “doping”

IOC, NCAA, and other organizations have strict doping regulations

Essential nutrients are legalSeveral supplements are prohibited

This will be covered in our “ergogenic aids” lecture, but is briefly discussed in h. 1 of your text.

Note that several banned substances are available in over-the-counter-supplements, and may not be declared on the label. Athletes are subject to disqualification from an event if doping is detected.

FDA List of Potentially Hazardous Supplements:(Be able to recognize these as potentially hazardous)Chaparral – traditional American Indian medicine

Liver disease, possibly irreversible

Comfrey Obstruction of blood flow to liver, possibly leading to

death

Slimming, Dieter’s Tea N/D/V/stomach cramps, chronic constipation, fainting,

possible death

Ephedra, ephedrine, ma huang, Chinese ephedra, epitonin High bp, irregular heartbeat, nerve damage, injury,

insomnia, tremors, headaches to seizures, heart attack, stroke, death

Germander Liver disease, possibly leading to death

Lobelia (Indian Tobacco) Breathing problems at low doses to sweating/rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, possible coma/death at higher dosages

Magnolia Stephania Kidney disease, possibly leading to kidney failure

and death

Willowbark – marketed as an aspirin free product, although it contains an ingredient which converts to the same active ingredient in aspirin Rye syndrome (potentially fatal disease associated

w/children who take aspirin while having chicken pox or flu symptoms), allergic reactions in adults

Wormwood Neurological symptoms: numbness in legs and arms,

loss of intellect, delirium, paralysis, and death.

For more info: http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1998/dietchrt.html

Science-based book on Herbs:“The Honest Herbal,” by Varro Tyler, Ph.D., Sc.D.,