obj: 9.pch.1.4 design strategies for reducing risks for chronic diseases
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Leading Causes and Actual Causes of Death
OBJ: 9.PCH.1.4Design Strategies for Reducing Risks for Chronic Diseases
When health is absent:Wisdom cannot reveal itself,Art cannot become manifest,Strength cannot be exerted,Wealth becomes useless, and Reason is powerless.
Health literacy is the degree to which individuals can obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services they need to make appropriate health decisions. National Health Education Standards, 2007
Leading Causes of Death
Causes of Death Lifestyle (%)
Environment (%)
Heredity(%)
1. CardiovascularDiseases
54
9
25
2. Cancer 37 24 29
3. Stroke 50 22 21
Cardiovascular Disease
TobaccoLack of Physical ActivityPoor NutritionExcessive Alcohol Consumption
Cancer TobaccoLack of Physical ActivityPoor NutritionExcessive Alcohol Consumption
Stroke TobaccoLack of Physical ActivityPoor NutritionExcessive Alcohol Consumption
Actual Causes of Death
An illness which is ongoing Referred to as “degenerative” because
they break down organs Today, these conditions often result from
one’s LIFESTYLE• Behavioral choices – food, physical activity, safety
practices
Chronic Diseases
7 out of 10 deaths among Americans each year are from chronic diseases
Heart Disease, cancer, and stroke account for more than 50% of all deaths each year
Chronic Diseases are among the most common, costly, and PREVENTABLE of all health problems in the U.S.
Chronic Diseases are the Leading Causes of Death and Disability in the U.S.
What is it? A disease that affects the circulatory system
(heart and/or blood vessels)
2 Types Hypertension Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
HYPERTENSION – high blood pressure Can damage blood vessels and heart over a
long period of time “Silent Killer” – often has early symptoms Most common in people over the age of 35 Prevention – eat healthfully, exercise
regularly, and manage your weight
Cardiovascular Disease
ATHEROSCLEROSIS – a disease where there is an accumulation of plaque on artery walls
Typically caused by unhealthy food choices that are high in saturated fats and cholesterol
Leads to Arteriosclerosis – plaque builds up on the walls to the point where it causes the artery to harden
Can also lead to strokes and heart attacks
Cardiovascular Disease
BEHAVIORAL FACTORS Smoking Poor Diet Lack of Physical Activity Alcohol Abuse Obesity Poor Stress Management ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Stressful Workplace
Cardiovascular Disease
What is it? The uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
Cancer
Tumor an abnormal mass of tissue that has no
natural role in the body Often associated as being cancer, but that
is not always the case. 2 types of tumors• Benign = non-cancerous, grows slowly without
spreading• Malignant = cancerous, spreads to other organs
and parts of the body
Cancer
Also known as “carcinoma” Symptoms: changes on the skin, a mole or freckle that
changes, or a sore that wont heal
Behavioral Factors: Exposure to sun or radiation Failure to use sunscreen/clothing/shade Use of tanning beds
Environmental Factors: Depletion of ozone layer Lack of shade Time of day, Occupation
Skin Cancer
Also classified as a carcinoma. Typically no immediate symptoms, but later
there is a severe cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood, and hoarseness
Behavioral Factors: Smoking General air pollution
Environmental Factors: Exposure to radon, asbestos
Lung Cancer
The inability of the body to metabolize sugar because of lack of insulin
Either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin (insulin resistance)
Behavioral Factors: Obesity Diet high in fat and
calories Physical inactivity
Diabetes
What is it? A condition in which there is a progressive
loss of bone tissue
Behavioral Factors: Lack of physical activity (especially weight
training and weight bearing physical activity)
Lack of calcium and vitamin D in diet
Osteoporosis
What is it? An inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to
irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution. Causes the bronchi to produce excess amounts of mucus, which
block the airways causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
Behavioral Factors: Smoking Choice of occupation
Environmental Factors: General air pollution Asbestos in buildings Secondhand smoke
Bronchitis
A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli
Almost always caused by cigarette smoke
Behavioral Factors: Smoking Choice of occupation
Environmental Factors: General pollution Asbestos in buildings Secondhand smoke
Emphysema
Primary Prevention Eating nutritiously Exercising regularly Avoiding harmful substances (i.e. tobacco)Secondary Control Early detection: medical exams and self-
examinationTertiary Treatment Level
3 Levels of Disease and Injury Control
Change in bowel or bladder habitsA sore that does not healUnusual bleeding or dischargeThickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty in swallowingObvious change in wart or moleNagging cough or hoarseness
American Cancer Society’sSeven Warning Signs of Cancer
The American CancerSociety believes thatearly detectionexaminations and
testscan help save lives
andreduce suffering fromcancers of the:
Breast Colon Rectum Cervix Prostate Testis (testicles) Oral cavity (mouth) Skin
Early Detection Can Save Lives
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